Chemoprevention of chemical-induced skin cancer by Panax ginseng root extract

Jyoti Sharma,Pradeep K. Goyal 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: Cancer has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing cancer burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the cancer incidence. Ginseng is known for its potential to treat various ailments in human beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of Panax ginseng against chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis in mammals. Methods: Skin tumors were induced in Swiss albino mice by a single topical application of 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (100 mg/100 mL acetone) and, 2 wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% acetone) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16 wk). Hydroalcoholic ginseng root extract at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the periinitiation, postinitiation, and periepost-initiation stages. Results: Ginseng root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in tumor incidence, cumulative number of tumors, tumor yield, and tumor burden, as compared to the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ecroton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin C, and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with ginseng root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that P. ginseng has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer in mammals.

Chemoprevention of chemical-induced skin cancer by Panax ginseng root extract

Sharma, Jyoti,Goyal, Pradeep K. The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: Cancer has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing cancer burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the cancer incidence. Ginseng is known for its potential to treat various ailments in human beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of Panax ginseng against chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis in mammals. Methods: Skin tumors were induced in Swiss albino mice by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ($100{\mu}g/100{\mu}L$ acetone) and, 2 wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% acetone) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16 wk). Hydroalcoholic ginseng root extract at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the periinitiation, postinitiation, and peri-post-initiation stages. Results: Ginseng root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in tumor incidence, cumulative number of tumors, tumor yield, and tumor burden, as compared to the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin C, and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with ginseng root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that P. ginseng has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer in mammals.

Diagnostic accuracy of left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral versus inferior vena cava collapsibility index in predicting post-induction hypotension during general anesthesia: an observational study

Vibhuti Sharma,Arti Sharma,Arvind Sethi,Jyoti Pathania 대한중환자의학회 2024 Acute and Critical Care Vol.39 No.1

Background: Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is being explored for dynamic measurements like inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC-CI) and left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT-VTI) to guide anesthesiologists in predicting fluid responsiveness in the preoperative period and in treating post-induction hypotension (PIH) with varying accuracy.Methods: In this prospective, observational study on included 100 adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, the LVOT-VTI and IVC-CI measurements were performed in the preoperative room 15 minutes prior to surgery, and PIH was measured for 20 minutes in the post-induction period.Results: The incidence of PIH was 24%. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of the two techniques at 95% confidence interval was 0.613, 30.4%, 93.3%, 58.3%, 81.4%, 73.6% for IVC-CI and 0.853, 83.3%, 80.3%, 57.1%, 93.8%, 77.4% for LVOT -VTI, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the cutoff value for IVC-CI was >51.5 and for LVOT-VTI it was ≤17.45 for predicting PIH with odd ratio [OR] of 8.491 (P=0.025) for IVCCI and OR of 17.427 (P<0.001) for LVOT. LVOT-VTI assessment was possible in all the patients, while 10% of patients were having poor window for IVC measurements.Conclusions: We recommend the use of POCUS using LVOT-VTI or IVC-CI to predict PIH, to decrease the morbidity of patients undergoing surgery. Out of these, we recommend LVOT-VTI measurements as it has showed a better diagnostic accuracy (77.4%) with no failure rate.

The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic method over manual aspiration technique for gastric reserve volume estimation in critically ill patients

Rahul Sharma,Ravi Kant Dogra,Jyoti Pathania,Arti Sharma 대한중환자의학회 2023 Acute and Critical Care Vol.38 No.1

Background Although gastric reserve volume (GRV) is a surrogate marker of gastrointestinal dysfunction and feeding intolerance, there is ambiguity in its estimation due to problems associated with its measurement. Introduction of point-of-care ultrasound as a tool for anesthetists kindled interest in its use for GRV estimation. Methods In this prospective observational study, we recruited 57 critically ill patients and analyzed 586 samples of GRV obtained by both ultrasonography (USG) and manual aspiration. Results The analysis showed that USG-guided GRV was significantly correlated (r=0.788, P<0.001) and in positive agreement with manual aspiration based on Bland-Altman plot, with a mean difference of 8.50±14.84 (95% confidence interval, 7.389–9.798). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 37.7 and –20.5, respectively, within the ±1.96 standard deviation (P<0.001). The respective sensitivity and positive predictive value, specificity and negative predictive value, and area under the curve of USG for feeding intolerance were 66.67%, 98.15%, and 0.82%, with 96.49% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions Ultrasonographic estimation of GRV was positively, significantly correlated and in agreement with the manual aspiration method and estimated feeding intolerance earlier. Routine use of gastric USG could avoid clinical situations where feeding status is unclear and there is high risk of aspiration and could become a standard practice of critical care.

Effectiveness of Inorganic Nitrogen on Kojic Acid Production from Fungi Aspergillus sp. BU20S

Sharma Sumit,Singh Shikha,Sarma Saurabh Jyoti 한국화학공학회 2024 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.41 No.4

Kojic acid is a valuable compound that contributes to various therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Organic nitrogen partially contributes to fermentation and mostly prefers cell growth as well as increases production costs. This study aims to fi nd the eff ect of low-cost inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium chloride on kojic acid production from fungal isolate Aspergillus sp. BU20S. A 3.63-times increase in the kojic acid (4.43 ± 0.47 g/L) was found when only the ammonium chloride was supplemented in glucose (10 g/L) medium than other minimal salts. The product formation was 2.52 ± 0.56 g/L in ammonium chloride as compared to 2.02 ± 0.06 g/L yeast extract after 10 days. The carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) was found optimal as 15 (molecular C/N: 23.58) which gives a high titer of 5.17 ± 0.84 g/L from 10 g/L of glucose. At this optimal molecular nitrogen value, the nitrogen supplement cost can be reduced by 93–99% compared to yeast extract. The antimicrobial potential of kojic acid purifi ed from the fermented broth was also studied against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The purifi ed kojic acid showed a ~ 20 mm zone of inhibition at a 2.5 mg dose loaded over 7.4 × 10 9 CFU/ mL of MRSA. This study concludes that only ammonium chloride is a suffi cient inorganic nitrogen source to produce kojic acid and is useful in reducing production costs. The purifi ed kojic acid is also an eff ective antimicrobial agent.

Isolation of a new strain of Aspergillus and molecular structure elucidation of unknown metabolite produced from castor oil

Sumit Sharma,Shikha Singh,Saurabh Jyoti Sarma 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.120 No.-

A new Aspergillus strain BU20S was isolated and identified by sequence analysis of ribosomal internaltranscribed spacer (ITS) regions. Unknown metabolite produced by the strain was identified by elucidationof molecular structure using a combination of 13C and 1H NMR, MS, FTIR, XRD, and HPLC analysis. Themetabolite was found to be kojic acid, which has the potential to treat methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, among other industrial applications. It was observed that the isolatedstrain can produce kojic acid from castor oil and product titer can be increased by supplementingthe medium with rice straw-derived depolymerized lignin. The substrate concentrations were optimizedby response surface methodology using Design-Expert software. As high as 6.69 ± 0.24 g/L of kojic acidwas obtained using castor oil (20 g/L) and depolymerized rice straw lignin (3 g/L). This is the first reporton kojic acid production from castor oil.

Vertical flow-based paper immunosensor for rapid electrochemical and colorimetric detection of influenza virus using a different pore size sample pad

Bhardwaj, Jyoti,Sharma, Abhinav,Jang, Jaesung Elsevier Applied Science 2019 Biosensors & Bioelectronics Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We present a novel vertical flow-based paper immunosensor for the rapid and sensitive electrochemical and colorimetric detection of influenza H1N1 viruses using a different pore size (DP) sample pad. The DP sample pad consisted of two different pore size papers: larger pores (diameter: 11 µm) facing the inlet, and smaller pores (diameter: 0.45 µm) facing the conjugate pad. This sample pad offered moderate and uniform flows, and hence concentrated horseradish peroxidase tagged antibodies (HRP-Abs)-H1N1 complexes from 40 µL of sample volumes on a conjugate pad for 2 min after sample injection, thereby providing fast detection (6 min for both detection methods) with 100 µL of flushing afterwards, high sensitivity, and the simplicity of the sensor. The filtration characteristics of the DP sample pad were evaluated using fluorescent beads, indicating that only small-sized bio-particles such as viruses can pass through the sample pad. Sandwich immunoreactions of HRP-Ab-H1N1-Ab were performed on the gold paper electrode of the immunoStrip, which was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Simultaneously, the color signal of free HRP-Ab captured on the colorimetric zone was obtained using a scanner, and the intensity was analyzed using ImageJ. This immunosensor detected H1N1 virus concentration as low as 3.3 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL (phosphate buffer saline; PBS) and 4.7 PFU/mL (saliva) by EIS, and 1.34 PFU/mL (PBS) and 2.27 PFU/mL (saliva) by the colorimetric method. Furthermore, integrating these two detection methods can reduce false results with double assurance, and this device can provide a simple and economical on-site detection platform.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The first paper immunosensor using a double pore size (DP) sample pad. </LI> <LI> The first vertical flow assay-based, sandwich ELISA-type paper immunosensor for the detection of influenza viruses. </LI> <LI> Dual (electrochemical and colorimetric) detection methods to provide double assurance. </LI> <LI> The DP sample pad offered fast detection (~6 min), high sensitivity (the limit of detection <5 PFU/mL), and the simplicity. </LI> <LI> The DP sample pad also acted as a filter to pass only small-sized particles. </LI> </UL> </P>

Design of Low Power and Secure Implementation of SBox and Inverse-SBox for AES

Divya Sharma,Ankur Bhardwaj,Harshita Prasad,Jyoti Kandpal,Abhay Saxena,Kumar Shashi Kant,Gaurav Verma 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.7

In the cutting edge world, data security has turned into an essential issue furthermore the innovation is going to increment quickly. In this paper, the symmetric key standard for encryption and decoding is propelled Encryption standard (AES). The key stride in the AES is the "S-Box". S Box is an imperative segment for symmetric key calculations. An S-box takes some number of information bits "p" and interprets them in yield bits 'q', where "p" is not as a matter of course equivalent to 'q'. In AES Encryption calculation Sub Bytes change uses S-Box and Inverse S-Box uses Inverse of S-Box. The Sub Bytes substitution is a nonlinear byte substitution that uses substitution table (i.e., S-Box) takes the multiplicative reverse (GF (28)) and infers a relative change to do the Sub Bytes change. Though, converse Sub Bytes Substitution additionally uses gaze upward table (i.e., Reverse S-Box) takes an opposite relative change and after that suggests multiplicative backwards of Galois Field (GF (28)). In this printed material, we investigated substitution table/reverse substitution table, multiplicative opposite and relative change and its converse (i.e. reverse relative change) science in Galois field. A standout amongst the most basic issues in AES is the force utilization. Here, we predominantly centered around the force utilization and in addition security of S-box which is the most power devouring square in the AES. We have executed and reproduced S-Box and Inverse S-Box Lookup table and acquired another improved scrambled Lookup table for more upgraded mystery by utilizing Xilinx Spartan-3 assessment board. The Simulation and execution instruments utilized are Xilinx ISE 14.1i and ModelSim 6.0.

Red Upconversion Luminescence and Paramagnetism in Er/Yb Doped SnO2

Shweta Sharma,Jyoti Shah,R.K. Kotnala,Santa Chawla 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.5

Red upconversion luminescence has been introduced in functional semiconductor SnO2 by doping rare earth ions Er3+ and Yb3+ and using 980 nm diode laser as pump source. High temperature solid state reaction leads to incorporation of trivalent lanthanide ions in SnO2. For high concentrations of lanthanide doping,partial reduction of Sn4+ to Sn2+ occurs for charge compensation making the material system SnO2-SnO alloy. Upconverting SnO2 exhibits paramagnetic characteristics with magnetization increasing with introduction of trivalent rare earth ions Er3+/Yb3+.

Novel pathways in bacteriocin synthesis by lactic acid bacteria with special reference to ethnic fermented foods

Basista Rabina Sharma,Prakash M. Halami,Jyoti Prakash Tamang 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.1

Ethnic fermented foods are known for their unique aroma, flavour, taste, texture and other sensory properties preferred by every ethnic community in this world culturally as parts of their eatables. Some beneficial microorganisms associated with fermented foods have several functional properties and health-promoting benefits. Bacteriocins are the secondary metabolites produced by the microorganisms mostly lactic acid bacteria present in the fermented foods which can act as lantibiotics against the pathogen bacteria. Several studies have been conducted regarding the isolation and characterization of potent strains as well as their association with different types of bacteriocins. Collective information regarding the gene organizations responsible for the potent effect of bacteriocins as lantibiotics, mode of action on pathogen bacterial cells is not yet available. This review focuses on the gene organizations, pathways include for bacteriocin and their mode of action for various classes of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria in some ethnic fermented foods.