올림픽 公園의 意味 分析

黃正煥 경주대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

We perceive landscape and formulate the image of the landscape through a series of cognition process. In the relationship between object and observe, and object elicits information about it's uniqueness as well as it's relationship to other objects. An observe gives meaning to the object that he or she perceives by way of choosing and composing certain object according to the current purpose within the limitation of his or her environmental adaptability. This study tries to have meaning through content interpretation suggesting in terms that image of each piece of landscape is cognized to a certain meaning. The Olympic Park contructed in national level in size and facility as well as historically known is selected as the study site. The main body discusses development potentiality, invited function, and site planning. The followings are the results for analysis and synthesis through content interpretation for 6 areas planning. * Composition Composition of the Olympic Park shows the landscape of transposition, distortion and chaos, like surrealistic painting. Floors such as large lawn ground, large pavement area and water surface of pond intend to embrace everything and to play the role of contrast and moving earth surface. The orthogonal patterns are skewed and begin to writhe under the comparatively weightless objects. Pond water surface comes in green space and water edge plaza. On the contrary, water edge plaza naturally intrudes into water by skewing of the perpendicular elements crossing at right angles. The function of pond surface and green area operates more strongly and actively by the treatment of gentleslope. * Form Form of the Olympic Park appears in a variety of configuration whether it has natural meaning or not. This is physical form shaped by contrast effect of natural curve line and man-made straight line, as well as areal and linear element. Those are the areal form of earth fort curve line, edge line of plaza and green space, edge line of these forms exist in our imagination. This can be specified through the term "image" * image Recently the range of image expression is expanding. Landscape value about what we cannot understand are being recognized as a new dimension. "Here" and "There" represent relatively different images in large environmental sculpture, small environmental sculpture in large plaza, and a group of buildings at the end of large green area in the Olympic Park. Here and there relate to individuality or sympathy in terms of place aspect. This and that relate to color, texture, scale, style, character and personality in terms of content aspect. Areas of presentation are being expanded in introduction of traditional culture aspects. In particular, fork performance area of traditional "Madang" concept is shaped for showing signs of incipient life and gives Yin concept, and we feel the power receiving and controlling everything as symbolic center of the park. The power sweeps the center space along landform of earth fort which is Yin, and water, Tan, operates in the shape that embraces the outer wall. As mentioned above, landscape architects present three basic goals in common ; to make landscape architecture as art ; to make visually strong works ; and to make meaningful works. Therefore, the holistic meaning of the Olympic Park through the analysis of composition, form a d image is presented as "large revolution" pr "wonderment". It is possible to promote large revolution of design by way of violating the culturally permissible boundary of form and composition choice. Within this context, the Olympic Park is a "new creation".

傳統都市 숲의 形成 背景에 관한 硏究 : 경주 황성공원 옛 숲을 중심으로

황정환 경주대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the build-up setting of the Korean traditional urban forests and to interpret it in terms of three viewpoints (historical and religious, urban planning and Fengshui(風水) theory)of build-up setting in order to find out the place-identity of the forests. A case study of this study is a traditional forest of Hwangseung Park in Kyoungju city. The historical and religious types are divided into two themes : native belief and Confucianism. Fengshui type is divided into two themes : Pibo(裨補)and Yobsung(厭勝). An effect of this paper is both to discover the place-identity of the forest and to arrange the forest to suggest the guideline to contemporary park planning for reserving historic space. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : The forests are usually located around the meaningful space in a city which worships the city-spirit of place. Especially, historical meanings are our important historic heritage and serve as enhancing the place-identity of the forest. Korean traditional urban forest serves as a conspicuous visual element that enhances the sense of place in a city, because it locates in a center and enclosing surroundings in a city. So the forest can easily be a famous place in a city. Owing to people's participation of the communal activities and the holistic experience in the forest, people not only feel it intimate. But also consider it as the identity of their community. Build-up setting of the traditional forest of Hwangseung park as a case study was affected by the in fluence of native belief and Pibo meaning of Fengshui theory. A forest of Hwangseung park in ancient Silla era have the function of protection against wind from north wind and prevention of floods at Bugchum in the north of Kyongju city.

울릉군 천부리 해안 소공원 조성계획

황정환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 2004 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.6

This study was attempted to establish landscape beauty, artistry, sense of place, local color and pleasantness, to offer rest and culture places for natives and visitors, and to compose settlement environments of pleasant, toward improving livelihood conditions of fishing village for the heightening of Ulleung's image as a whole, the offer of benefit, the upturn planning of sightseeing effect and the creation image of Ulleung's symbol and pleasant at the small-park on the adjacent seashore in the Ulleung-gun Chunbu-li. This plan was composed with the sight analysis, the make up direction of development, the concept of circulation system, the concept of introduction programs, facilities and activities, and the others foundation plan. This plan be expected several kinds effect, the first is improving the image of Ulleung through with promotion environment quality on Ulleung's circular road, the second is offering standard to similar development on the other sites, the others are the effects of regional environmental improvement, the balanced development of tourist attractions, the creation of regional culture and the effects of tourist dispersion in Ulleung-gun.

이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

政府投資機關 豫算會計 制度에 관한 硏究

黃末東,박정환 慶南大學校 産業經營硏究所 1990 産業經營 Vol.13 No.-

두가지 혈류 유발방법에 의한 새로운 심폐소생술(이중 혈류 유발 심폐소생술)장치의 개발

황성오,김현,조준휘,오범진,임종천,최경훈,윤정한,이승환,김영식,이강현,이윤선 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: There have been many efforts to augment blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These efforts have focused on maximizing the effect of cardiac pump or thoracic pump alone. However, considering that the heart is the biggest blood reservoir and increase of intrathoracic pressure can generate blood flow, simultaneous exploitation of both mechanisms may have synergistic effect. We hypothesized that simultaneous chest constriction in addition to sternal compression by standard CPR may have additive hemodynamic effects by preventing deformation of the chest and increase of intrathoracic pressure. Methods and results: we built a new mechanical device to perform compression and thoracic constriction simultaneously. The device consists of two main elements. Piston in the center is to depress the sternum. Strap is to constrict the thorax circumferentially. Strap is attached to both sides of the piston. When the piston is pushed down, it depresses the sternum and pulls on the thoracic strap. To determine strap width to produce optimal hemodynamic effect, we measured hemodynamic parameters with variable widths of strap in two dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation. Result of the experiment showed that 10cm wide strap was determined to be most effective. We also determined optimal depth of compression to produce maximal hemodynamic effect with animal experiments using two dogs. Animal experiments showed that the highest aortic pressure could be generated when the stemum was depressed to 5 cm. Cardiopulmonary resusciation using a new device could generate higher systolic aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in comparison with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pilot animal study using two dogs. Conclusion: New cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using a mechanical device designed by us could perform sternal compression and simultaneous thoracic constriction, and generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pilot animal experiments.

21세기 皇城市民公園 造成方案

황정환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 1998 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study is to present a new direction fer the construction of the Hwangsung Park in the ancient city Kyongju for the 21st century. And the results of this study are as follow: 1. According to the world-wide trend, the urban development for the 21st century should be based upon the development plan for the sustainable cities or eco-cities. 2. The preservation and restoration plan for the marred traditional fordwt in this park should be made in consideration of nature. 3. The future Hwangsung Park should be constructed in consideration of nature, our culture and history, and ecology, and should be accessible and friendly to the citizens. 4. This park will be located in the heart of this ancient city and will continue to play most important role even in the 21st century. 5. The quantity of oxygen emitted from the forest of the park amounts to about 480 tons, conducive to about 1,730 citizens a year. 6. For the successful construction of the park, civilian participation, reappraisal and revaluation of the existing plan for the construction of the park, introduction of the non-government development system, a study of the internal-external space fuction in the park, and ecological consideration will be required. 7. 10 fundamentals for the gymnasium construction in gthe compound of the park are suggested with both microscopical and macroscopical care. And the modification fundamentals from the viewpoint of history-culture and environment are analyzed.

형질변형성장인자가 손상골 재생능에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

황의환,이상래,홍정표,이병도 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1995 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.25 No.2

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of TGF-β1, which promotes differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, on bone regeneration. Experimental bone defects that measured 3 mm in diameter were created on the mandibles of guinea pig by removal of bone with the use of trephine burns. In one side of mandibular body the experimental groups, bone defects were grafted with Biogran(Orthovita Co., U.S.A.) and TGF-β1(R&D System Co., U.S.A.). IN the remaining side of the mandiblar body, the control groups, bone defects were grafted with only Biogran. Guinea pigs in the control and experimental groups were serially terminated by fours on the 3 days, the 1 week, the 2 weeks, the 3 weeks, and the 4 weeks after experiment, and both sides of the mandibular bodies were removed and fixed with 10% neutral formalin. They were decalcified and embedded in paraffin as using the usual method. The specimen sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Also, they were radiographed with a soft X-ray apparatus The obtained results were as follows; 1. Hemorrhagic condition, observed in the granulation tissues, disappeared on the 1 week after experiment in both groups, and more prominent in the experimental group. The granulation tissues of the experimental group had larger number of cells than those of the control group. 2. Osteoblastic differentiation in the margin of grafted material and adjacent bone was observed on the 1 week after experimental in both groups. Also, bone formation was observed in immature form on the 1 week after experiment, and more prominent in the experimental group. 3. In the polarizing microscopic examination, bone matrix was very loose on the 1 week after experiment, but increase in density with time, and more prominent in the experimental group. 4. In the microradiographic examination, newly formed bone was observed in the experimental group on the 2 weeks after experiment, and this was observed earlier than in the control group. Newly formed bone was increased with time and defected area was markedly decreased on the 4 weeks after experiment.

경주시 월성원전 민간환경감시기구 조례안의 분석 및 평가

황정환 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 2002 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.4

전도도법에 의한 치환 피리딘들의 해리상수 측정과 그의 온도와 압력에 따른 영향

黃正儀,鄭倧在,金學成,尹永炷,朴義煥 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

Generally, pyridine and most of substituted pyridines act as base in aqueous solutions. The strengths of their basicities can be expressed quantitatively by the dissociation constant of base or its conjugated acid. Generally, the acidity of substituted pyridines can be expressed by K_a of the following reaction. ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) The dissociation constants of these subtituted pyridines have not been reported under high pressure but under atmospheric pressure. In this papers, the dissociation constants of some substituted pyridines were measured under high pressure by the conductometry. From the ionic conductivity of hydrogen ion, the dissociation constants (K_a) were calculated. The K_a values were increased with increasing temperature and were decreased with increasing presure. The charateristics of dissociation process of some substituted pyridines were deduced from the thermodynamic properties calculated from the dissociation constants.