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      • 慶州市 環境保全都市(Ecoplis) 造成計劃의 方向

        黃正煥 경주대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

        An approach methods of ecopolis at presentation in this study is more effective approach methods than existing traditional approach methods in terms of methods of urban development approach. Because these new approach methods is applicable to a sustainable and ecological principle form the angles of creation and management of urban space, and pleasantness and liveliness of urban make a offer vital force in city, Kyongju in a case study is an ancient city of one thousand years history. Kyong ju as for beautiful, clean-sut and delightful city harmonized with all sorts of cultural assets and natural landscape is extraordinarily suitable city for setting an example region of ecopolis . Therefore, there will be acted to the best native latent force to city when an angel of view to see city with lay stress on ecological thoughts and ecological methods is acted as the positive element to raise quality of environment.

      • 경주 황성공원의 식물군집 구조 분석

        황정환,강기호 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 1999 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.2

        To investigate the plant vegetation structure of the Hwangsung park(a traditional forest of about 257 acres) in the center of Kyongju city, eighteen plots were set up and surveyed. As a result, Quercus spp. were much distributed and dominated in this research. In recent, increasing of park users and public buildings are disturbed the growth and the generation of plant. Shannon's diversity was 0.54 in surveyed area. It was lower value not to be compared with the natural vegetation. Moreover, it was 0.8∼0.9(similar value to natural vegetation) in the area that the lower layer of vegetations are well preserved. Finally, index of Similarity was very lower value because of artificial forest.

      • KCI등재

        Incidence and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

        황정환,최평균,김낙현,방지환,송경호,박완범,김의석,박상원,김홍빈,김남중,오명돈,조강원 대한의학회 2013 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.28 No.3

        Korea is a low prevalence country for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and has an intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden. We previously reported that the incidence of TB in HIV-infected patients was 9.6 cases per 100 person-years (P-Y) between 1988 and 1997. The aims of the present study were to measure any change in incidence from the previous study, and to identify risk factors for TB in HIV-infected patients. We reviewed all medical records of HIV-infected patients who were followed-up in one tertiary hospital between 1998 and 2010. Over the total observation period of 5858.33 P-Y, TB developed in 70 patients (1.19 cases per 100 P-Y; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.47 cases per 100 P-Y). Based on Poisson regression, one risk factor associated with TB was an initial CD4+ cell count below 200 cells/μL (relative risk, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.47-3.73). Mean CD4+cell counts of pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB were 179.8 cells/μL, 138.3 cells/μL, and 114.2 cells/μL, respectively (P = 0.55). In conclusion, the incidence of TB in HIV-infected patients has decreased since the previous study. An initial CD4+ cell count below 200 cells/μL is an independent risk factor for development of TB in HIV-infected patients.

      • KCI등재

        장애물을 제외한 가장 큰 공간을 찾는 기법

        황정환,전흥석,Hwang, Jung-Hwan,Jeon, Heung-Seok 한국정보처리학회 2011 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.18 No.2

        최근 청소로봇을 위한 여러 가지 알고리즘들이 개발되면서 다양한 청소로봇들이 개발되고 있다. 그 중 청소로봇이 청소하는데 있어 청소시간의 제약이 있을 경우 효율적으로 청소할 수 있는 알고리즘인 DmaxCoverage 알고리즘이 있는데 이 알고리즘을 구현하는데 장애물이 존재하지 않는 비어있는 공간을 찾기 위해 Rectangle Tiling기법을 사용하고 있다. Map을 그리드 형태의 수많은 사각형으로 나타낼 경우 사각형을 찾는 기법 중 수학적 방법으로 Rectangle Tiling이 최적의 값을 찾아줄 수 있다. Rectangle Tiling 기법은 그리드 형식의 map에서 생성될 수 있는 사각형들의 모든 경우의 수를 찾는 것이다. 이때 그리드선의 간격이 촘촘하고 map의 크기가 클 경우 많은 사각형이 생성됨으로 많은 시간을 소모해야 하는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Rectangle Tiling에 근접한 정확성과 보다 개선된 속도를 제공하는 Four Direction Rectangle Scanning(FDRS)기법을 제안한다. FDRS기법은 존재하는 모든 사각형을 찾는 것이 아니라 물체가 존재하는 셀의 상하좌우만을 검색하여 빈 공간을 찾는 기법이다. 이 두 알고리즘을 비교하여 FDRS의 효율이 뛰어남을 실험을 통해 보여준다. Recently, many cleaning robots have been made with various algorithms for efficient cleaning. One of them is a DmaxCoverage algorithm which efficiently clean for the situation when the robot has a time limit. This algorithm uses Rectangle Tiling method for finding the biggest rectangle that doesn't have any obstacle. When the robot uses grid map, Rectangle Tiling method can find the optimal value. Rectangle Tiling method is to find all of the rectangles in the grid map. But when the grid map is big, it has a problem that spends a lot of times because of the large numbers of rectangles. In this paper, we propose Four Direction Rectangle Scanning(FDRS) method that has similar accuracy but faster than Rectangle Tiling method. FDRS method is not to find all of the rectangle, but to search the obstacle's all directions. We will show the FDRS method's performance by comparing of FDRS and Rectangle Tiling methods.

      • 올림픽 公園의 意味 分析

        黃正煥 경주대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

        We perceive landscape and formulate the image of the landscape through a series of cognition process. In the relationship between object and observe, and object elicits information about it's uniqueness as well as it's relationship to other objects. An observe gives meaning to the object that he or she perceives by way of choosing and composing certain object according to the current purpose within the limitation of his or her environmental adaptability. This study tries to have meaning through content interpretation suggesting in terms that image of each piece of landscape is cognized to a certain meaning. The Olympic Park contructed in national level in size and facility as well as historically known is selected as the study site. The main body discusses development potentiality, invited function, and site planning. The followings are the results for analysis and synthesis through content interpretation for 6 areas planning. * Composition Composition of the Olympic Park shows the landscape of transposition, distortion and chaos, like surrealistic painting. Floors such as large lawn ground, large pavement area and water surface of pond intend to embrace everything and to play the role of contrast and moving earth surface. The orthogonal patterns are skewed and begin to writhe under the comparatively weightless objects. Pond water surface comes in green space and water edge plaza. On the contrary, water edge plaza naturally intrudes into water by skewing of the perpendicular elements crossing at right angles. The function of pond surface and green area operates more strongly and actively by the treatment of gentleslope. * Form Form of the Olympic Park appears in a variety of configuration whether it has natural meaning or not. This is physical form shaped by contrast effect of natural curve line and man-made straight line, as well as areal and linear element. Those are the areal form of earth fort curve line, edge line of plaza and green space, edge line of these forms exist in our imagination. This can be specified through the term "image" * image Recently the range of image expression is expanding. Landscape value about what we cannot understand are being recognized as a new dimension. "Here" and "There" represent relatively different images in large environmental sculpture, small environmental sculpture in large plaza, and a group of buildings at the end of large green area in the Olympic Park. Here and there relate to individuality or sympathy in terms of place aspect. This and that relate to color, texture, scale, style, character and personality in terms of content aspect. Areas of presentation are being expanded in introduction of traditional culture aspects. In particular, fork performance area of traditional "Madang" concept is shaped for showing signs of incipient life and gives Yin concept, and we feel the power receiving and controlling everything as symbolic center of the park. The power sweeps the center space along landform of earth fort which is Yin, and water, Tan, operates in the shape that embraces the outer wall. As mentioned above, landscape architects present three basic goals in common ; to make landscape architecture as art ; to make visually strong works ; and to make meaningful works. Therefore, the holistic meaning of the Olympic Park through the analysis of composition, form a d image is presented as "large revolution" pr "wonderment". It is possible to promote large revolution of design by way of violating the culturally permissible boundary of form and composition choice. Within this context, the Olympic Park is a "new creation".

      • 경주 월성원전의 주변 환경인식과 향후과제 : 방폐장 유치와 관련하여 In Relation to Attraction of a New Radioactive Waste Dump

        황정환 慶州大學校 2005 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

        The paper has tried to investigate and study a variety of understanding(human and social and environmental) of a nuclear power plant by looking into the government's energy policy and then studying cases of anti-nuclear-movement and past radioactive-waste dump selection. Also, it has focused on diagnosing the present condition and problems of the Wolsong nuclear power plant, and finding a realistic alternative related to attraction of another radioactive- waste dump in the Gyeongju area. The nuclear power plant has been operated for 23 years since its first operation in 1983, but there continues a tense atmosphere between Gyeonju-area anti-nuclear social groups and the local government because of their intense opposition to attraction of a radioactive waste dump. As the result of the both sides' extremely different positions, such a conflict is spreading even between citizens. Therefore, the local government's efforts for their agreement require transparency, objectivity, fairness, and the like. The local government should accept the opposers' position in a humble attitude, and make the citizens know and persuade in a sincere mind. Because obviously even the opposers of radioactive-waste dump attraction are citizens loving Gyeongju, it's necessarily avoided criticizing them severely and hurting their pride. Furthermore, the government should keep consistent in pursuing its energy policy, and make every effort to develop much more polished policies to obtain their confidence and consensus.

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