Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

컴퓨터 작업 시 의자 등받이 위치가 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향

김민우,변승진,이경은,정소영,조주영,최원자,최찬양,김경 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2011 再活科學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

이 연구는 컴퓨터 작업시 의자 등받이 위치가 근육활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 36명의 근골격에 문제가 없는 성인 남녀가 참가하였으며 대상자들은 등받이가 뒤에 있는 의자와 등받이가 없는 의자, 등받이가 앞에 있는 우리들 의자를 무작위로 배정하고 동일한 컴퓨터 작업을 실시하게 하였다. 실험 중, 표면근전도기를 사용하여 의자에 따른 위등세모근, 머리널판근 그리고 척주세움근의 근활성도 변화를 측정하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 등받이가 앞에 있는 의자는 허리 근육의 부담을 줄이지만 목근육에 부담이 늘어나고 등받이가 뒤에 있는 의자와 없는 의자는 허리근육에는 다소 무리가 가지만 목근육에는 부담이 덜하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 환자의 증상에 다라 컴퓨터 작업을 하는 동안 의자 등받이의 위치를 조절하여 치료에 도움이 될 수 있다고 생각되어진다. Objective : In this study, we checked and observed people's change of body muscle and muscle activity who do computer work on different chairs. We set three kind of chairs which one is a stool and another one is the back is fixed, and the other one is the back is fixed in front of chair. Subject : Accounting for 36 health men and women, we divided these people to 3 groups and put them on the three cases(position 1, position 2, position 3). We measured muscle activity of upper trapezius, Splenius Cervics, Erector Spinae from the groups by using surface electromyogram system. Methods : The standard of the electromyogram was 'reference voluntary contraction', and we carried out 'one way anova' to compare muscle activity of three groups. Results : In position 1, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 123.2821%, Splenius Cervics was 141.7526%, and Erector Spinae was 254.5233%. In position 2, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 132.9395%, Splenius Cervics was 141.7526%, and Erector Spinae was 246.6540%. In position 3, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 190.6487%, Splenius Cervics was 270.2332%, and Erector Spinae was 182.1021%. Both upper trapezius and Splenius Cervics muscle activity of position 3 group was higher than the others groups. In position 1 group, Erector Spinae muscle activity was hight than the other groups. And either was position 2 group's(p<0.05). Conclusion : Therefore the chair which is the back is fixed in front is more comfortable for waist muscle but it's not good for neck. And the other chairs are better in waist muscle but not in neck muscle. So far, when we do a computer work, it's prefer to sit on the group 1&2's chairs to reduce neck muscle's stress and sit on group 3's chair to reduce waist muscle's stress.

GLASS/UP系 複合材料의 破壞에 미치는 NOTCH平徑의 影響

김귀식,박경석,오맹종,김주봉 濟州大學校工科大學附屬産業技術硏究所 1992 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

This study is investigated by experimental method and FEM about the effect of notch root radious(ρ) on the fracture of GFRP. The smaller ρshowed the fracture behavior which was mainly caused by the propagation of the stable crack, but the fracture behavior in the larger ρwas mainly caused by the spread of damage. The experimental value of the nominal stress could be estimated by FEM simulation and the load-displacement curve could also be drawn. According to the results simulated damage zone by FEM, as the ρis smaller, the damage begin at low stress.

흰쥐에 있어서 Sparganum의 移行과 發育에 관한 硏究

金昌煥,徐淑才,崔朱卿 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the migration and development of the Sparganum in rats and the changes of haematological values in the hosts infected with Sparganum. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The recovery rate of the Sparganum in the infected rats was 57 per cent on the autopical findings of the infected individual rats during observations from 2 hours to 32 days after infection with Sparganum. 2. The larval Sparganum was found in the digestive tract within two hours after administration with oral route and then, the worms began to penetrate and migrate via the abdominal cavity within 4 to 6 hours and the worms were found in the muscular tissues 2 days onwards after infections. 3. The infected Sparganum began to deveolp the size of the body from 4 day after infection and then, the size of the Sparganum was measured by 52.9mm long and 3.2mm broad on 32 days after infection . 4. In the haematological observation of the host the red blood cell values changed little, while the white blood cells were increased significantly during 2 days after infection and thereafter they were recovered to the normal values.

독일 고등직업교육기관에서 직업훈련 통합 이원화 학위과정 운영 실태 분석 및 시사점

김기홍,김경주 한국직업능력개발원 2007 직업능력개발연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구는 독일 고등교육기관인 파혹슐레의 직업훈련 통합 이원화 학위 과정 운영 체제 및 운영 사례 동향을 고찰하였다. 독일은 직업교육훈련 개혁과 더불어 고등 교육기관에서 노동시장의 변화에 대응한 산업체와 연계교육을 강화하고 있다. 특히 대학들은 기존의 학위과정과 더불어 직업훈련이나 직업과 연계된 이원화 학위 과정을 별도로 운영하여 직업학교 졸업자들이 이 과정에서 지속적으로 산업체 현장실습 중심의 심화교육을 받아 노동시장의 진입을 쉽게 하고 있다. 우리의 대학교나 2년제 대학도 종래의 학위 과정을 다양화하여 산업체와 연계 교육이 가능한 운영 체제로 전환할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 대학교육과 노동시장에서의 직업불일치(Job Mismatch) 문제를 완화하고, 대학 졸업 후의 재교육의 비용을 줄여야 한다. 고등교육기관이 직업교육 전문기관으로서 정체성을 확보하기 위해 학생들의 현장적응능력을 강화하는 직업 훈련 통합 이원화 학위 과정 운영 사례는 우리에게 좋은 본보기가 될 수 있다. Dieser Aufsatz wurde unter der Perspektive angefertigt, duales System an deutschen Fachhochschulen Diskussionen zur ausbildungsintegrierten dualen Studienga¨nge, praxisorientierte Exemplare in bezug auf die Studienga¨nge, Schlussfolgerungen fur Korea darzustellen. Allgemeine duale Studienga¨nge in Deutschland unterscheiden sich von klassischen Studienangeboten durch eine sta¨rkere Einbindung der Praxis in den Studienablauf. Zur Zeit nehmen 43,680 Studenten und 22,737 Betriebs an dieser dualen Studienga¨nge teil. Und 628 Studienga¨nge wurden in den 247 Hochschulen angeboten. Ausbildungsmtegrierde duale Studienga¨nge bieten Studientinteressenten ohne abgesclosse Berufausbildung und Berufserfahnmg sowie mit Fachhochschul- bzw. allegemeiner Hochschreife eine Mo¨glichkeit, wahrend des Grundstudiums eine veku¨rzte betnebliche Ausbildung in anerkannten Ausbildungsberuf zu absolvieren. Im Hauptstudium wird in der Regel eine beruflichen Teilzeittatigkeit - tagesweise oder im Block - ausgeiibt, die einem mehr oder weniger ausgepragten inhaltlichen Bezung zu den Studieninhalten aufweist. Zur Zeit setzen unsere Hochschulen neue Struktur- und Studiengangrefonn im Gang, bessere praxisnah Studienga¨nge anzubieten. Die von mir vorgestellten ausbildungsintegrierte duale Studienga¨nge geben uns eine altemative Mo¨glichkei und Motivation, daB unsere Hochschule eine Struktur- und Studiengangreform notwendig sind.

진동에 의한 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 산소전달 특성

김기범,권대규,이삼철,김성종,정인수,오인혁,김기주,변윤섭,정경락 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.2

본 연구는 급성호흡부전환자를 치료하기 위하여 사용되고 있는 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 기체전달을 향상시키기 위하여 중공사막에 진동기법을 사용하여 기체전달을 향상시키고자 시도하였다. 그리고 혈관 내 폐 보조장치를 정맥에 삽입하기 전, 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 설계조건을 실험적 모델을 통하여 기체전달을 예측할 수 있는 예측식을 만들고자 하였다. 실험결과, 본 연구에서는 진동기법이 기체전달을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라, 충진율과 가징 주파수의 함수관계를 이용하여 기체전달을 예측 할 수 있었다. 실험에 의하여 얻어진 결과는 예측식에 의하여 얻어진 결과와 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 충진율과 가진 주파수의 함수를 이용하여 VIVLAD의 기체전달을 예측할 수 있었다. In this paper, we tried to improve gas exchange of the vibrating intravascular lung assist device(VIVLAD) using vibrating method in the hollow fiber membrane, for the patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). And we tried to formularize prediction equations to make a prediction about gas transfer for designing intravenous artificial lung assist device, and designed modules under various conditions were studied through an experimental modeling before inserted the artificial lung assist device into as venous. As a result, we are convinced that vibration method is very useful for the has transfer increasing. Also, we can estimate the gas transfer as a function of the packing density and excited frequencies. The gas transfer obtained from the experiment was similar to that from the prediction equation, confirming the usefulness prediction equation. Therefore, we can estimate the gas transfer of the VIVLAD as a function of the packing density and excited frequencies.

GLASS/UR계 복합재료의 파괴에 미치는 NOTCH반경의 영향

김귀식,오맹종,박경석,김주봉 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1992 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.3 No.-

This study is investigated by experimental method and FEM about the effect of notch root radious(ρ) on the fracture of GFRP. The smaller ρ showed the fracture behavior which was mainly caused by the propagation of the stable crack, but the fracture behavior in the larger ρ was mainly caused by the spread of damage. The experimental value of the nominal stress could be estimated by FEM simulation and the load-displacement curve could also be drawn. According to the results simulated damage zone by FEM. as the ρ is smaller, the damage begin at low stress.

Table Feeder의 連續定量 供給 (Ⅰ)

鄭炅樂,崔東珪,金起柱 全北大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

A Continuous Uniform Feeding method is studied with a modified table feeder. The table feeder examined has either two or three scrapers. Powders used in the experiment are quartz sand, talc and calcium carbonate covering a wide range of flowability. With respect to testing methods of a feeder, the effect of sampling period on the precision is studied both experimentally and thearetically. As a result, variation of precision with sampling period becomes clear even when the powder flow rate has a periodic fluctuation.

과민성 장 증후군의 증상 경감을 위한 비약물적 접근 고찰

최명애,김금순,안경주,채영란,최정안,홍해숙,박미정,이경숙,신기수,정재심 대한기초간호자연과학회 2005 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.7 No.2

There have been many trials of clinical efficacy of multicomponent and single component treatments for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). We reviewed effects of non phamacological treatments in the IBS. Though the efficacy of multi-component approaches was unclear, several results suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in improving gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS. As a single component, cognitive therapy and relaxation with or without biofeedback could improve the symptoms and psychological health of IBS patients. Yoga, meditation, self-help information and hypnotherapy could be applicable to IBS.

ABS AH 32鋼의 熔接金屬에서 低溫 龜裂 感受性에 미치는 豫熱效果

鄭潾相,朴景采,金庚周 경북대학교 공과대학 1987 工大硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

It is known that the occurrence of cold cracking in welded materials is influenced by restraint, diffusible hydrogen and microstructure of weldments. The purpose of this work is to investigate effects of preheating in the same humidity of electrode as well as influences of diffusible hydrogen content. The results of obtained are as follows : Thermal cycles in welments were changed by preheating temperatures and particularly, t_8/5(cooling time from 800℃ to 500℃) and t_100(colling time from solidification to 100℃) were increased according to increase of predeating temperture. First of all. in the same humidity of dried electrode, when specimens we welded at ambient temperature, weld cracking percentages for surface and root were 100%, but when 150℃, no cracking was occurred. In the view of hardness distribution, hardness of HAZ were higher than those of base metal and weld metal and were in inverse proportion to preheating temperature and thickness of HAZ. Secondly, in the same preheating temperature, when specimens were welded in the various humidity of electrode, regardless of humidity of electrode, surface cracks were not occurred. With increasing diffusible hydrogen content, root cracking percentages increased slightly, but hardness distribution and thickness of HAZ were not changed.