최근 10년간 원광의대병원에서 시행한 소아 심장혈관 수술의 임상적 고찰

윤향석,정수미,최두영,오광수,오연균,김종덕,양현웅,이삼윤,김형곤,최종범,최순호,노병석 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.2

We reviewed 10 years experiences of the clinical aspects and early postoperative results in 544 pediatric patients(age less than 16 years old). Among them. 529 cases had the congenital heart diseases, and 15 had the acquired diseases. Open heart surgery was performed in 413 patients. 115 cases were treated with non-open heart surgery. 16 with interventional catheterization. Annual increase of the cardiac patients was not significant in recent 10 years, except slight increase in 1994. The mean age of the study patients had been evidently changed to younger year by year. Total mortality rate of the open heart surgery was 6.4%. The cyanotic congenital heart diseases were high in early postoperative mortality by 25.7%, whereas 4% in acyanotic group. The age group less than one month was most highest in surgical mortality(66.7%). There were no deaths in patients with patent ductus arteriosus(103 cases), atrial septal defect(83 cases) or pulmonary stenosis(17 cases). Among 220 patients with ventricular septal defects(VSD). 10(4.5%) were died early postoperatively. In cyanotic group, the patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects(PAVSD), transposition of the great arteries(TGA), interrupted aortic arch(IAA), complex cardiac anomalies with isomerism seemed to be most susceptible to an early death.

숙시닐화가 Aspergillus fumigatus 균체단백질의 기능적 특성에 미치는 영향

최종덕,김정균,조성환 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1993 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.4 No.-

숙시닐화가 균체 단백질 (Asprgillus fumigatus)의 여러가지 기능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 균체 단백질은 succinic anhydride 2.5와 10% 첨가에 20.7 과 85.3%가 숙시닐화되었다. 숙시닐화된 균체 단백질은 흡광도, 핵산 및 탄수화물의 양은 감소하였으나 단백질소, 단백질 추출율은 증가되었다. 숙시닐화된 균체 단백질의 질소용해도는 milk casein과 soy flour보다 32 와 51% 증가되었다. 유화활성도와 유화 안정성은 균체 단백질의 숙시닐화 비율에 따라서 증가 되었으며,80% 숙시닐화된 균체 단백질은 약 8.4배 증가율을 나타내어 숙시닐화를 증가시킴에 따라 유화활성도와 유화안정성이 증가 되었다. 숙시닐화 시킨 균체 단백질은 숙시닐화 시키지 않는 균체 단백질, milk casein 및 soy flour에 비하여 향상된 기능적 특성을 나타내었다. The influence of succinylation on several functional properties of fungal protein (Aspereillus fumigatus) was investigated. Fungal protein was succinylated to 20.7 and 85.3% by addition of 2.5 and 10% succinic anhydride, respectively. Succinylated fungal protein decreased the absorbance at 260nm, nucleic acid and carbohydrate, but increased the proteinous nitrogen and protein extraction in fungal protein. Succinylation had an enhancing effect on the functional properties as much as the degree of it was increased. Oil retention of succinylated fungal protein was higher about from two to five times than those of milk casein. Nitrogen solubility of succinylated fungal protein was increased to 32 and 51% than that of milk casein and soy flour. Emulsifying activity and stability were increased in proportion to the succinylated degree of fungal protein. As the result of succinylation increase more than 80%, emulsifying activity increased about 8.4 times. In conclusion, succinylated fungal protein improved functional properties, compared with nonsuccinylated fungal protein, milk casein and soy flour.

Grapefruit 종자 추출물의 항균성에 관한 연구

최종덕,서일원,조성환 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1993 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.4 No.-

Grapefruit seed extract(GFSE)의 여러가지 미생물에 대한 항균력과 물김치 저장 효과를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. GFSE의 세균류에 대한 항균력에서 Vibrio속은 50ppm, Bacillus cereus와 Staphylococcus aureus는 30ppm, Serratia속은 10ppm 이상에서 균의 증식이 억제되었다. 2. 세균중 패혈증 원인균으로 알러진 Vibrio vulnificus에 대한 항균성은 nutrient broth에서 GFSE 30ppm 농도까지는 증식을 확인할 수 있었으나 50ppm 이상의 첨가에서는 72시간까지 균의 증식을 볼 수 없었다. 그리고 5% skim milk에서의 본 균에 대한 GFSE 살균력을 실험한 결과 5.2×10^5/ml에서 저장 120시간 후에는 GFSE농도 0, 10, 30. 50 및 100ppm에서 각각 9.6×10^3, 5.3×10^3, 5.6×10^2, 48, 35/ml로 감소되어 GFSE농도 50ppm 이상에서는 살균효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 곰팡이류에 대한 항균력은 Asperillus parasiticus가 100ppm, Aspergillus versicolor 50, Peniillium funiculosum 100, Pyrenochaeta terrestris 30 그리고 Trichoderma viride는 30ppm까지 증식하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 증식이 억제되었다. 4. 물김치에 GFSE를 각각 50, 100ppm 첨가하여 5℃와 20℃에서 저장하면서 pH변화를 확인한 결과 5℃에서는 20일과 25일, 20℃에서는 17일과 20일까지 pH변동이 거의 없어 물김치의 보존기간을 연장 시킬 수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the grapefruit seed extract (GFSE). The antimicrobial activity of GFSE was strong enough against such bacteria as Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia sp. Growth of the above strains was inhibited by the GFSE'S concentration of 50 ppm. The growth of Vibrio vulnificus was completely inhibited by adding the 50 ppm GFSE to the nutrient broth medium with 3% NaCl. The cell counts of Vibrio vulnificus 5.2×10^5 at first in 5% skim milk containing GFSE 0, 10, 30, 50 and 100 ppm were reduced to 35, 48, 5.6×10^2, 5.3×10^3 and 9.6×10^3/ml after 120 hours, respectively. And growth of Aspergillus parasitius, aspergillus versiolor, Penicillium funiulosum, Pyreuochaeta terrestris and Trichoderma viride were inhibited by the concentration of GFSE 100, 50, 100, 10 and 30 ppm, respectively. The shelf life of Mulkimchi containing GFSE 50 and 100 ppm was 20 days longer than the control during storage at 5℃ and 20℃.

Grapefruit 종자 추출물의 항균성에 관한 연구

최종덕,서일원,조성환 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1990 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.2 No.-

Grapefruit seed extract(GFSE)의 여러가지 미생물에 대한 항균력과 물김치 저장 효과를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. GFSE의 세균류에 대한 항균력에서 Vibrio속은 50ppm, Bacillus cereus와 Staphylococcus aureus는 30ppm, Serratia속은 10ppm 이상에서 균의 증식이 억제되었다. 2. 세균중 패혈증 원인균으로 알려진 Vibrio vu-Inificus에 대한 항균성은 nutrient broth에서 GFSE 30ppm 농도까지는 증식을 확인할 수 있었으나 50ppm 이상의 첨가에서는 72시간까지 균의 증식을 볼 수 없었다. 그리고 5% skim milk에서의 본 균에 대한 GFSE 살균력을 실험한 결과 5.2×10^5/ml에서 저장 120시간 후에는 GFSE농도 0, 10, 30, 50 및 100ppm에서 각각 9.6×10^3, 5.6×10^2, 48, 35/ml로 감소되어 GFSE농도 50ppm이상에서는 살균효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 곰팡이류에 대한 항균력은 Aspergillus parasiticus가 100ppm, Aspergillus versicolor 50, Penicillium funiculosum 100, Pyrenochaeta terrestris 30 그리고 Trichoderma viride는 30ppm까지 증식하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 증식이 억제되었다. 4. 물김치에 GFSE를 각각 50, 100ppm 첨가하여 5℃와 20℃에서 저장하면서 pH변화를 확인한 결과 5℃에서는 20일과 25일, 20℃에서는 17일과 20일까지 pH변동이 거의 없어 물김치의 보존기간을 연장시킬수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the grapefruit seed extract (GFSE). The antimicrobial activity of GFSE was strong enough against such bacteria as Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia sp. Growth of the above strains was inhibited by the GFSE'S concentration of 50 ppm. The growth of Vibrio vulnificus was completely inhibited by adding the 50 ppm GFSE to the nutrient broth medium with 3% NaCl. The cell counts of Vibrio vulnificus 5.2×10^5 at first in 5% skim milk containing GFSE 0, 10, 30, 50 and 100 ppm were reduced to 35, 48, 5.6×10^2, 5.3×10^3 and 9.6×10^3/ml after 120 hours, respectively. And growth of Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium funiculosum, Pyrenochaeta terrestris and Trichoderma viride were inhibited by the concentration of GFSE 100, 50, 100, 10 and 30 ppm, respectively. The shelf life of Mulkimchi containing GFSE 50 and 100 ppm was 20 days longer than the control during storage at 5℃ and 20℃.

江陵地方에서 月別 氣象 特異 現象에 關한 硏究

崔孝,蔡鐘德,崔俊 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1996 東海岸硏究 Vol.7 No.1

1911年 1月 1日부터 1993年 12月 31日까지 江陵 地域에서 나타난 氣象 特異 現象이 調査되었다. 日最高氣溫과 日最低氣溫은 1924年 7月 25日 39.40℃ 와 1915年 1月 13日에 -20.20℃였다. 日最低濕度가 1994年 1月 27日 3%와 月最低濕度는 1月에 52%가 나타났다. 瞬間最大風涑이 1983年 4月 27日에 41.6m/s의 매우 强한 突風이 記錄되었고, 日最大風速은 1958年 1月 15日에 36.7m/s을 나타내었다. 春季에는 襄杆之風이라는 强風이 出現하는데 3月과 4月에 35m/s 以上의 크기를 갖는다. 日最大降水量은 1921年 9月 24日에 305.5mm였으나 6月에서 9月까지 많은 量의 降水가 集中的으로 일어났다. 最深新積雪量은 1990年 1月 31日에 69.7cm 였으나, 12月과 2月에도 60.8cm와 67.2cm를 보이므로 12月에서 2月 사이에 높은 數値를 보인다. 降雪은 一般的으로 11月에서 4月까지 이루워지며, 降雪日數가 2月에 月平均 6.3日로 最大로 나타나고 있다. 江陵 地域의 降雪은 때때로 西風系에서 形成되기도 하지만, 주로 北東風 下에서 東海로부터 流入된 濕氣가 많은 空氣가 江陵을 거쳐 西側의 大關嶺으로 强制 上昇되면서 冷却되어 많은 降雪이 招來된다. 相(서리)가 나타나는 日數의 月平均 3月에 4.4日로 12月, 1月, 2月보다 越等히 많다. 그 理由는 夜間에 强風이 높은 傾斜를 갖는 大關嶺을 넘으면서 强한 下降氣流로 바뀌게 되어 上層의 매우 寒冷한 空氣가 地表로 下降하면서 地表 附近의 空氣를 冷却시켜 3月에 서리가 자주 發生하게 된다. 結氷日數는 平均氣溫이 가장 낮은 1月에 27.6日로 가장 높게 나타난다. 雨雹 出現의 月平均은 3月에 0.3日의 最大頻度를 나타내고 있으며, 3月에 江陵 地域에 부는 强한 西風이 大關嶺을 넘어면서 매우 大氣를 不安定하게 하여 上層의 구름 속에서 冷却된 氷晶이 地表로 下降하면서 雨雹을 形成한다. 주로 移流霧와 滑昇霧인 沿岸霧의 出現은 7月에 月平均 最大値가 3.5日이었다.黃沙現象은 中國에서 4月 初에 이루워지며, 江陵에서 月平均 最大頻度는 0.8日이었다. 그러나 近來에는 黃沙의 長距離 輸送에 依해 3日程度 視界의 不良이 發見되었다. 雷電은 6月에서 8月사이 降水量이 많을 때인 7月에 月平均 最大出現이 2.7日이었다. Particular meteorological phenomena observed at Kangnung city for 83 years from January 1, 1911 through December 31, 1993 were investigated. Daily maximum and minimum air temperatures were in the range of 39.4℃ on July 25, 1942 to -20.2℃ on January 13, 1915, respectively. Daily and monthly minimum relative humidities were 3% on January 27, 1944, and 52% in January. Instantaneous maximum wind speed was recorded with a magnitude of 41.6m/s as gust, on April 27, 1983, and daily maximum one was 36.7m/s on January 15, 1958. Strong winds called Yang-Kan- Chi-Pung appear in spring and had magnitudes over 35m/s in March and April. Although daily maximum rainfall amount was 305.5mm on September 24, 1921, a great amount of rainfall concentrically took a place in the Kangnung area from June through September. Maximum depth of accumulated new snow was 69.7cm on January 31, 1990, but as accumulated ones in December and February were also detected with depth of 60.8cm and 67.2cm, they were in the high magnitudes from December through February. Snowfall generally occurred from November through April and the maximum number of snowfall days was 6.3 as a monthly mean February. The snowfalls occasionally occurred under westerly winds, but mainly, heavy snowfalls were produced by cooling of humid air intruded from the East Sea through Kangnung, forcibly rising over Mt. Taegwallyung in the west, under north-easterly winds. Monthly mean of frostfall days had a maximum magnitude of 4.4 days in March and it was much greater than those in December, January and February. The frequent presence of frost happen to be in March, since the strong winds at night flowed over high steep Taegwallyung mountain and they became strong downslope winds, resulting in the cooling of air near the ground surface by downward motion of very cold air from the upper layer toward the ground. Maximum number of ice formation days showed 27.6 in January, when the monthly averaged minimum air temperature was observed. Monthly mean of hailfall occurrence had a maximum frequency of 0.3 day in March, and similary to the frost, as the strong winds rising over Mt. Taegwallyung induced very unstable condition of air near the mountain, ice crystals in the cloud of upper atmosphere came down to the ground, enhancing the formation of hails. Monthly averaged maximum occurrence of coastal fogs, which were generally advection and upslope fogs, had 3.5 days. As Yellow- sandy event is generated in China in the early April, its monthly averaged maximum frequency at Kangnung was also 0.8 day in April, but recently, about 3 days of bad visibility have been often detected at the city due to its long range transport. Thunder and lightening had monthly mean maximum occurrence of 2.7days in July, when the rainfall amounts showed high values from June through August.

Plasminogen kringle (angiostatin) 분획의 유효부분 분석

최영기,서원덕,이종수,신광순,김철중 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1998 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

In order to inhibit the growth of the malignant tumor, the development of various drugs against the malignant tumors has been archived. The combination of these drugs made the tumor therapy possible, but in many cases, secondary matastasis of the tumor to the other organs after its removal has been frequently reported. The angiostain, recently purified and cloned, not only promtes the angiogenesis of the tumor itself in the primary tumor but also inhibits the angiogenesis and metastasis of the secondary tumors. In this study, the nucleic acid sequences of the angiostatin was investigated. And the angiostain gene was expressed in a prokayotic expression system(E. coli) and a eukayotic expression system(Pichia pastoris). The angiostain gene was futher subcloned into 6 clones to characterize its biological activity. In the near future the biological activity and the biochemical property of the protein encoded by each clone will be elucidated.

생리활성물질을 생성하는 해양미생물의 동정 : Ⅰ. 항미생물 물질을 생산하는 해양방선균 분리균주 No.101의 분리 및 배양조건 Ⅰ. Isolation and Cultural Conditions of the Marine Actinomycetes No.101 Producing Antimicrobial compounds

최종덕,박욱연 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1994 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구에서는 생리활성물질을 생성하는 해양미생물을 분리하기 위하여 연근해역의 해면을 조사하였다. 해면 중의 미생물은 1.2×10~2.1X10^3/g 범위에 있었고, 이들 중 방선균은 0.Ol~O.5%(data 생략)로 나타났다. 분리된 미생물은 각각 배양하여 항균물질을 검토하였으며, 검토하던 중에 비교적 강한 항균물질을 생산하는 균주 No. 101을 분리, 선발하였다. 선발된 균의 특징은 sclerotia로 형태가 다양하였고, 다양한 배지에서 생육이 가능하였고, 기균사의 색깔은 회백색, 배면의 색깔은 주로 회백색에서 갈색으로 나타났으며, 젤라틴 액화능과 전분 분해능을 가지나 myo-inositol은 이용하지 못하였다. 이 균의 배양학적 특성은 최적 pH 및 온도가 6.5~7.0 및 30℃였으며, 탄소원으로는 starch가 30g/l, 질소원으로는 casamino acid 10g/l가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 방선균 No. 101의 균체 및 균배양액의 추출물에 대한 항균 및 항진균성에서는 Staphyloccus aureus와 Bacillus subtilis에서 강한 항균력을, 효모와 곰팡이에 대하여는 낮은 항진균성을 나타내었다. Marine organisms were investigated to identify the marine actinomycetes that produced noble bioactive compounds. Microorganism counts range from 2.1×10^3 to 1.2×10 CFU/g of marine organisms. Actinomycetes constituted 0.01 to 0.5% of culturable microbial community. We identified the marine actinomycetes that produced novel bioactive compounds. During the course of screening for bioactives from the marine microorganisms, we found that the strain in sponge had antimicrobial activities. From the morphological, cultural and various physiological characteristics, this strain was identified for Actinomycetes No. 101. The optimal compositions of culture medium for Actinomycetes No. 101 were starch 30g/l as carbon source, casamino acid l0g/l as nitrogen source. The optimal pH of medium and fermentation temperature were 6.5~7.0 and 30℃, respectively. Fermentation has been conducted in the marine broth at 30℃ for 72 hour. The yield of fermentation got about 3g as dry weight(per liter of broth). The distribution of antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes No. 101 was screened by paper disc. The extract of cultured cell and broth inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but the inhibition action was week against yeast and mold.

일개 자동차 부품공장 근로자에서 초음파로 측정한 수근관 형태와 수근관증후군 위험도

김덕수,정해관,임현술,권용욱,이종민,조대현,최대섭 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.3

목적 : 일개 사업장의 생산직 근로자를 대상으로 손목 계측치 및 초음파를 이용한 수근관 계측치의 상관성 분석을 통하여 수근관증후군 발생에 관여하는 개인의 감수성 및 위험요인을 파악하여 생산직 근로자들의 수근관증후군 예방에 활용하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 방법 : 경주시에 위치한 자동차 방음재를 생산하는 사업장에 생산직 근로자 남자 24명, 여자 11명 등 총 35명을 대상으로 2000녀 4월과 2000년 10월 반드시 각 설문조사, 이학적검사, 전기진단검사를 실시하였으며, 2000년 10월에는 초음파를 이용한 수근관계측도 실시하였다. 결과 : 수근관증후군의 신체계측 요인에 따른 분석에서는 수근관 전치/폭 비가 0.17 미만인 군에 비하여 0.17 이상인 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 총 수근관 면적(두께×폭)은 300 ㎟이상인 군에 비하여 300㎟ 미만인 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 성별을 통제변수로 처리한 신체 계측치간 상간 분석에서는 수근관폭은 전기진단 검사와 음의 상관성을 보였으며, 수근관 두께는 전기진단 검사와 양의 상관성을 보였다. 수근관 두께/폭 비는 전기진단 검사와 양이 상관성을 보였으며, 수근관비 전치/두께 비는 전기진단 검사 결과와 음의 상관성을 보였다. 하부 수근관 면적[폭×(두께-전치)]은 전기진단 검사와 양의 상관성을 보였으며, 상부 수근관 면적(폭×전치)은 전기진단 검사와 음의 상관성을 보였다. 또한 수근관 전치의 상대적 비가 클수록 수근관증후군의 회복이 유의하게 좋았다. 결론 : 수근관증후군은 수근관 폭이 좁을수록, 수근관 두께가 두꺼울수록, 수근관 전치가 작을수록 수근관증후군 위험도가 증가한다. 저자들은 초음파를 이용한 수근관 형태의 측정은 수근관증후군의 발생의 내적 요인에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공하면 수근관증후군 발생 및 회복의 개별적 위험요인을 예측하는데 중요한 근거를 제공하는 것으로 판단하였다. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate individual susceptibility to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel configuration in workers doing repetitive work. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 24 male and 11 female workers in a soundproof material manufacturing company in Gyeongju. We conducted a self-reported questionnaire survey, a physical examination and an electrodiagnostic study (EDS) in April 2000. After the examination, jobs were rearranged for workers with CTS. A follow up physical examination. EDS, and measurement of the carpal tunnel by ultrasonography was done six monsths later. Results: Of those studied. prevalence or CTS was 63.6/100 persons among women and 29.2/100 persons among men. Mean depth and width of wrist was shorter in those with CTS compareal to the controls (p<0.05). The risk of CTS was higher in workers whose carpal tunnel ratio (displacement/width) was 0.17 or higher (OR 7.13, 95% confidence interval 1.18-43.1), and in workers whose carpal tunnel area was less than 300 ㎟ (OR 8.00, 95% confidence interval 1.18-68.5). Carpal tunnel depth and depth/width ratio had a positive correlation with motor latency of the median nerve and median-ulnar sensory latency difference (p<0.05). whereas the carpal tunnel width. displacement/depth ratio, and area (width×displacement) had a negative correlation with median nerve latencies after adjusting for gender. Workers who showed an improvement in the clinical stage of CTS after job rearrangement had a significantly lower carpal tunnel displacement/width ratio and displacement/depth ratio. They also had smaller upper carpal tunnel area (width×displacement) and larger upper carpal tunner\l area [(depth-displacement)×width] than the controls (p<0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel is a good predictor of susceptibility and prognosis of CTS in workers doing repetivive work.

Coating을 시행한 뇌동맥류 파열환자의 예후

박종혁,석종식,목진호,박관,김영백,민병국,황성남,최덕영 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.6

In rare occasions in which aneurysmal neck clipping is nearly impossible, coating is employed. During the period from 1985 to 1992, 312 patients with aneurysm underwent surgery ; aneurysmal neck clipping were performed in 284 cases while coating only in 28. The reasons that coating was required were ; wide and broad neck in 13, perforators arising from the neck in 4, neck tearing during dissection in 3, very friable neck in 2, severe adhesion with surrounding structures in 3, and small aneurysm without enough room for clipping in 3. In twenty-three cases, cotton wisp and bioglue were used as coating materials. In another five cases, the aneurysmal wall was reinforced using Surgicel or Gelfoam. Patients were followed for 24 months on average of all the patients. Four had last contact Six died(4 due to rebleeding and 2 due to pneumonia). Fourteen were good and 4 were moderately disabled. There were no rebleeding incidences during first three months' follow-up after coating. We thus concluded that coating an aneurysm offers some protection from rebleeding, particularly when the rebleeding risk period is over.

韓國國民學校 敎科書에 登場하는 人物像에 관한 硏究

李鍾浩,崔德柱,金象溶 釜山敎育大學 1977 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: Text-books for elementary school have been examined, classfied and assessed in order to give essential resource to those who have influences on youngsters in elementary schools to form their character. Method: Following to the method of contents analysis, the preference of names listed in this paper was defined only to those figures who were explained to get youngsters to accept their view of value, in other words the pofriles concerned mainly with a means of interpreting of historical events or of other educational functions were excluded. Therefore, the total number of 77 text books for elementary school, 9 subjects from the first grade to sixth, has formerly been examined. Outcome: 1. The educational idea was concentrated on the instruction for allegiance, namely, the overwhelming majority was classfied to belong among such patriots as those who dedicated to their home country for the restoration of independence or to get over the national disasters. 2. Most of them were not only Koreans and tended to follow formally stipulated social norms but also loyal-oriented. It was derived from the characteristic of Korean history that was weaved in a sense with the incessant foreign invasions and against them throughout its long past. 3. Most great men were composed of the upper classes and in the proportion of frequencies to the apperance, females appeared much less than males. This tendency seems to reflect implicity class consiousness. 4. The foreigners could be distinguishable as those who dedicated to their society by their own striving as well as by their own establishment. 5. The verbal portraits of Koreans depicted in stereo-typed phrases and also in complete, super-beings. Therefore, the distance between the extremes was so immense that there might be some difficulties for youngsters'making a comparision between them to get kids to accept supermen's norms of value. 6. Most Koreans can hardly instil the ideas to criticize the contradictions of social systems and to reform the social evils into youngsters, because thay acted in obedience to the specified social institutions. Suggestion 1. There should be also listed such persons who dedicated to their country not at the cost of life or self-renunciation, but with self-respect or self-affirmation. 2. The lower people is expectant to appear more frequently in the text books and women, too. 3. In the way of verbal-portraits, it is an advisable way of expression to represent them not as complete, super-persons, but as those who can have mutual relations with ordinary persons, and also they shold not be represented as they became well-kwown from beginning of their birth, but the way of depicting the greatness should be replaced by as many famous men have emerged from common people and poverty, mean surroundings.