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Optimal light for greenhouse culture of American ginseng seedlings
John T. A. Proctor,John W. Palmer 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3
Three greenhouse experiments with American ginseng seedlings growing under light levels from 4.8% to 68% showed a quadratic response for root dry weight, giving an optimal root dry weight of 239 mg (range 160e415 mg) at an optimal light level of 35.6% (range 30.6e43.2%).
Growth, Dry Matter Partitioning and Photosynthesis in North American Ginseng Seedlings
John T. A. Proctor,John W. Palmer,John M. Follett 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.3
North American ginseng seedlings (Panax quinquefolius L.) were grown in pots in heated greenhouses, in a cool greenhouse, or in the field, in 11 experiments at various times over 16 years. Crop establishment, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, radiation use efficiency and carbon budget were measured and/or calculated in some years. Once the seedling canopy, of about 20 ㎠ per seedling, and a leaf area index of 0.37, was established, about 40 days after germination, full canopy display lasted about 87 days. Only 16.6% of the incoming solar radiation was intercepted by the crop, the remainder falling on the mulched soil surface. Total and root dry matter accumulations in the cool greenhouse and in the field were about double that in the heated greenhouses. Partitioning of dry matter to roots (economic yield or harvest index) in the cool greenhouse and in the field was 73% whereas it was 62.5% in the heated greenhouses. The relationship between root dry matter and radiation interception during the full canopy period was linear with growth efficiencies of 2.92 ㎎ MJ?¹ at 4.8% of incoming radiation and 0.30 ㎎ MJ?¹ at 68% of incoming radiation. A photosynthetic rate of 0.39 g m?² h?¹ was attained at light saturation of about 150 μ㏖ m?² s?¹ (7.5% of full sunlight); dark respiration was 0.03 g m?² h?¹, about 8.5% of maximum assimilation rate. Estimates of dry matter accumulation by growth analysis and by CO₂ uptake were similar, 6.21 vs. 7.62 ㎎ CO₂, despite several assumptions in CO₂ uptake calculations.
South Korean higher education internationalization policies: perceptions and experiences
John D. Palmer,조영하 서울대학교 교육연구소 2012 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.13 No.3
Our study investigates how Korean universities are designing and implementing internationalization policies to meet the demands of globalization. Relying upon globalization theory we reveal how power is embedded within these internationalization efforts. Indeed, we accept the notion that the United States is the world's superpower and therefore Korea was compelled to "Westernize" in order to become active participants in the highly competitive globalized twenty-first century. Through the perspectives of Koreans and foreigners (e.g., professors, students, government officials, and university administrators), our paper aims to discover and understand Korean values and traditions in comparison and detached from Western theory of globalization and internationalization policies in higher education.
Growth, Dry Matter Partitioning and Photosynthesis in North American Ginseng Seedlings
Proctor, John T.A.,Palmer, John W.,Follett, John M. The Korean Society of Ginseng 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.3
North American ginseng seedlings (Panax quinquefolius L.) were grown in pots in heated greenhouses, in a cool greenhouse, or in the field, in 11 experiments at various times over 16 years. Crop establishment, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, radiation use efficiency and carbon budget were measured and/or calculated in some years. Once the seedling canopy, of about $20\;cm^2$ per seedling, and a leaf area index of 0.37, was established, about 40 days after germination, full canopy display lasted about 87 days. Only 16.6% of the incoming solar radiation was intercepted by the crop, the remainder falling on the mulched soil surface. Total and root dry matter accumulations in the cool greenhouse and in the field were about double that in the heated greenhouses. Partitioning of dry matter to roots (economic yield or harvest index) in the cool greenhouse and in the field was 73% whereas it was 62.5% in the heated greenhouses. The relationship between root dry matter and radiation interception during the full canopy period was linear with growth efficiencies of $2.92\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 4.8% of incoming radiation and $0.30\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 68% of incoming radiation. A photosynthetic rate of $0.39\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ was attained at light saturation of about $150\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ (7.5% of full sunlight); dark respiration was $0.03\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$, about 8.5% of maximum assimilation rate. Estimates of dry matter accumulation by growth analysis and by $CO_2$ uptake were similar, 6.21 vs. 7.62 mg $CO_2$, despite several assumptions in $CO_2$ uptake calculations.
Optimal light for greenhouse culture of American ginseng seedlings
Proctor, John T.A.,Palmer, John W. The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3
Three greenhouse experiments with American ginseng seedlings growing under light levels from 4.8% to 68% showed a quadratic response for root dry weight, giving an optimal root dry weight of 239 mg (range 160-415 mg) at an optimal light level of 35.6% (range 30.6-43.2%).
Pregnancy following vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: a report of two cases
Julia E Palmer,John A Tidy 대한부인종양학회 2009 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.20 No.4
Pregnancy following squamous cell carcinoma of the vulvar is rare. Its rarity is reflected by a paucity of cases reported in the literature. We report two cases of pregnancy following diagnosis and treatment for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, and review eleven prior reported cases. In successfully treated vulvar cancer subsequent pregnancy is not shown to increase the risk of disease recurrence, and there appears to be no deleterious effects during the antenatal period. It is possible, when considering prior reports, that prior vulvectomy may increase the likelihood of delivery by caesarean section, though modifications in the surgical management of vulvar carcinoma may have decreased this risk. Pregnancy following squamous cell carcinoma of the vulvar is rare. Its rarity is reflected by a paucity of cases reported in the literature. We report two cases of pregnancy following diagnosis and treatment for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, and review eleven prior reported cases. In successfully treated vulvar cancer subsequent pregnancy is not shown to increase the risk of disease recurrence, and there appears to be no deleterious effects during the antenatal period. It is possible, when considering prior reports, that prior vulvectomy may increase the likelihood of delivery by caesarean section, though modifications in the surgical management of vulvar carcinoma may have decreased this risk.
Moderate Aortic Stenosis in Patients With Heart Failure
Vien T. Truong,John Ernst,Akhil Pallerla,Amitesh Verma,Cheryl Bartone,Cassady Palmer,Eugene S. Chung 대한심장학회 2022 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.52 No.12
Background and Objectives: Moderate aortic stenosis (AS) confers a surprisingly adverse prognosis, approaching that of severe AS. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course of patients with moderate AS with evidence of concomitant heart failure manifesting as elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 332 patients with elevated BNP. 165 patients with moderate AS were compared with 167 controls with none-mild AS. The Median follow-up duration was 3.85 years. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of all-cause hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. Results: BNP levels were 530 and 515 pg/mL in the study and the control groups, respectively. Moderate AS had significantly higher rates of primary composite endpoint in both univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.97; p=0.004) and adjusted analysis (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05–2.01; p=0.02). Moderate AS had 1.41 (95% CI, 1.18–1.69; p<0.001) times more all-cause hospitalization per patient-year of follow-up compared to controls in the univariate model. After adjustment for significant covariates, moderate AS remained an independent predictor of all-cause hospitalizations (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18–1.79; p=0.005). Furthermore, moderate AS was significantly associated with higher all-cause hospitalization rates in both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (IRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02–1.75; p=0.038) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [IRR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.67; p=0.026). Conclusions: Moderate AS in conjunction with elevated BNP portends a significantly worse prognosis than those without moderate AS and should be followed closely.