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Im, Kyungtaek,Kim, Jisu,Min, Hyeyoung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.4
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a heat-processed ginseng developed by the repeated steaming and air-drying of fresh ginseng. Compared with fresh ginseng, KRG has been shown to possess greater pharmacological activities and stability because of changes that occur in its chemical constituents during the steaming process. In addition to anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory activities, KRG and its purified components have also been shown to possess protective effects against microbial infections. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the properties of KRG and its components on infections with human pathogenic viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human herpes virus, hepatitis virus, norovirus, rotavirus, enterovirus, and coxsackievirus. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of KRG as an antiviral and vaccine adjuvant is discussed.
Effects of ginsenosides on regulatory T cell differentiation
Kim, Jisu,Byeon, Hyeyoung,Im, Kyungtaek,Min, Hyeyoung 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a subpopulation of T cells defined as $CD4^+Foxp3^+CD25^+$. They mainly function as immunosuppressive T cells by downregulating the induction and proliferation of effector T cells, but also modulate the immune system by maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmune disease. In this study, the regulatory roles of ginsenosides, one of the active components in ginseng, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, in Treg cell differentiation were examined. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rd induced Treg differentiation by upregulating Foxp3 expression and increased the generation of $TGF-{\beta}1$, IL-10 and IL-35. The data suggest that ginsenoside Rd may be a potential immunomodulating agent or supplement that can be applied for transplantation and autoimmune disorders.
Antioxidative Activities of Water and Ethanol Extract from Unripe Yuza (Citrus junos) peel
Ju-Hye Im,Jiyeong Yun,Jisu Han,Mi-Kyung Lee,Hae-In Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activities of water (YP-W) and ethanol (YP-E) extracts from unripe yuza peel by in vitro assays measuring total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2"-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. The total polyphenol contents of YP-W and YP-E from 352 to 497 mg TAE/g. Contents of flavonoids was 282 mg RE/g and 211 mg RE/g in YP-W and YP-E. The YP-W and YP-E scavenged the DPPH radical and ABTS radical in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration range from 1 to 5 mg/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of YP-E was higher than that of YP-W. DPPH radical scavenging activity of YP-W and YP-E were 77.94-81.78% and 84.24-87.12%, respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the unripe yuza peel extracts was similar to their DPPH radical scavenging activity. ABTS radical scavenging activity of YP-W and YP-E was 83.02-86.78% and 85.54-88.20%, respectively. In short, both YP-W and YP-E exhibited in antioxidant activity, potentially valuable information for novel food application.
Samanta, Palas,Im, Hyungjoon,Yoo, Jisu,Lee, Hwanggoo,Kim, Nan-Young,Kim, Wonky,Hwang, Soon-Jin,Kim, Woo-Keun,Jung, Jinho Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.344 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study evaluated the adverse effect of wastewater effluents on three fish species, <I>Carassius auratus</I>, <I>Zacco platypus</I>, and <I>Zacco koreanus</I>, collected in the Eungcheon, Mihocheon, and Busocheon streams, respectively. Fish gills, liver, and kidneys from the mixing zone (MZ) and sites upstream (US) and downstream (DS) of the MZ were analyzed for oxidative stress responses and histology. Catalase and glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase activity was significantly higher at MZ and DS than from US (<I>p<</I> 0.05), indicating induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Additionally, degree of tissue changes (DTC) indicated highest histopathological alteration in MZ, followed by DS and US. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) for oxidative stress and histopathological alterations showed higher values consistently for <I>Z. koreanus</I> than other two species. Water temperature, EC, and TN levels seemed to be responsible for the observed biomarker responses. These findings indicate that thermal hot spring effluent discharged into Busocheon steam induced the most significant impact on the cool water species (<I>Z. koreanus</I>). Overall, this study suggests that the IBR index is a very useful tool for monitoring <I>in situ</I> adverse effects of wastewater effluents on fish, particularly for histopathological alterations representing prolonged impact.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The IBR study identified the adverse effect of effluent discharge on fish clearly. </LI> <LI> The cool water species was the most impacted by thermal hot spring effluent. </LI> <LI> Pathological alterations gave more consistent IBR index than oxidative stress. </LI> </UL> </P>