Christmas cribs: traditions of szopka art and craft in Cracow Samanta Kowalska

Samanta Kowalska 국립민속박물관 2019 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.14 No.-

Intangible cultural heritage plays an immeasurablerole in the existence, continuation and development ofcommunities. Intergenerational transmission helps tostrengthen the bond between people. The first legallybinding act of international law concerning this issue isthe UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of IntangibleCultural Heritage of 2003. This article discusses the roleand the significance of Cracovian nativity scenes forthe local community, for whom they represent a ‘living’tradition. Cracovian nativity scenes, inscribed on theUNESCO Representative List of the Intangible CulturalHeritage of Humanity in 2018, are the first Polish entry onthe List. The issues discussed include perspectives on theprinciple of sustainable development in the cultural sectorand present the challenges of safeguarding intangibleheritage in the context of increasing commercialisationand globalisation.

Development of Hepatitis Vaccine in Genetically Engineered Mammalian Cell

Himadri, Samanta,Choi, Kyung-Hee 中央大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1988 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.1 No.1

B형 간염 바이러스 표면항원 유전자가 포유동물세포에서 발현되도록 bovine papilloma virus(BPV)를 vector로 사용하여 몇가지 재조합 플라스미드를 제조하였다. promoter는 mouse metallotheionin promoter를 사용하였고, BPV의 크기를 변화시켰으며 또한 HBsAg 유전자의 polyadenylation signal을 제거하기도 하였다. 포유동물에서 세가지의 재조합 플라스미드는 모두 HBsAg을 발현시켰으며, BPV유전자와 HBV유전자가 완전히 들어있는 vector에 의해 가장 많은 HBsAg이 생산되었다. HBV DNA는 episomal 상태로 남아있는것이 아니고, 마우스세포의 염색체에 삽입되어 있는것이 확인되었으며, HBV DNA의 copy 수와 HBsAg의 생산량과는 비례하지 않는 것이 밝혀졌다. HBsAg 생산세포는 2-3개월동안 계대배양의 필요없이 계속해서 HBsAg을 배양액에 분비하였다. 이를 정제하여 E.M.으로 관찰한 결과 particle을 형성함이 확인되었고, western blot 분석을 통해 pre-s를 포함하고 있음을 밝혔다. We have expressed the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in mouse fibroblast cell line using metallothionein-bovine papilloma virus vectors. We have used three different recombinant plasmids and find that the expression level varies significantly from one plasmid to the other. One of the constructs gave very high express level and has been characterized further. We have failed to detect any plasmid in the episomal form in the producing clones and all the HBV DNA found to be integrated in the mouse chromosome at more than one site. We do not find any linear relationship between the number of copies HBV DNA and the level of the surface antigen produced. Cells can continuously be grown in the presence of cadmium chloride without splitting for more than two months and the secreted surface antigen be harvested during this period. The antigen is secreted as particle as have been found in electron micrograph of purified antigen. From western blot studies we find that the antigen contains the pre-s region.

Effect of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation on Serum α-Tocopherol and Immune Status of Crossbred Calves

Samanta, A.K.,Dass, R.S.,Rawat, Mayank,Mishra, S.C.,Mehra, U.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.4

An experiment was conducted with twenty crossbred male calves (7-15 days old) divided into 4 different experimental groups on the basis of body weights to study the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the serum ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration and immune response of the calves. All the calves were fed on milk and calf starter up to 13 weeks and afterwards, they were fed on concentrate mixture and oat hay up to 32 weeks of age. In addition, the calves in groups I, II, III and IV were supplemented with 0, 125, 250 and 500 IU feed grade DL-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0 day and subsequently at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 months of age to monitor the serum ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration in crossbred calves. After 24 weeks of experimental feeding, 4 animals from each group were intramuscularly inoculated with single dose (3 ml) of Haemorrhagic septiceaemia (Pasteurella multocida P52 strain) oil adjuvant vaccine. The cumulative group mean serum ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration (${\mu}g/100ml$) was 88.12, 210.11, 235.21 and 294.02 in-groups I, II, III and IV, respectively and differed significantly (p<0.001) among the four groups. Lymphocyte stimulation indices (LSI) did not differ among the groups significantly. The pooled mean ELISA antibody titer against Pasteurella multocida (P52 strain) was 788.02, 926.85, 1,214.00 and 1,109.51 for group I, II, III and IV, respectively, which indicated higher antibody titer in groups supplemented with vitamin E as compared to the control group. It may be concluded that vitamin E supplementation increased the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration in serum and dietary supplementation of vitamin E at higher level has a humoral immune enhancing effect against killed bacterial antigen.

COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR HYBRID MAPS IN NON-ARCHIMEDEAN FUZZY METRIC SPACES

Samanta, T.K.,Mohinta, Sumit The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2013 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.31 No.1

In this paper, we have established some common fixed point theorems for two pairs of occasionally weakly compatible hybrid maps sat-isfying a strict contractive condition in a non-archimedean fuzzy metric space. Our result extend, generalized and fuzzify several fixed point theo-rems on metric space.

Up-Conversion Intersystem Crossing Rates in Organic Emitters for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: Impact of the Nature of Singlet vs Triplet Excited States

Samanta, Pralok K.,Kim, Dongwook,Coropceanu, Veaceslav,Bré,das, Jean-Luc American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.11

<P>The rates for up-conversion intersystem crossing (UISC) from the T-1 state to the S-1 state ate calculated for a series of organic emitters with an emphasis on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. Both the spin orbit coupling and the energy difference between the S-1 and T-1 states (REST) are evaluated, at the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT levels. The calculated UISC rates and Delta E-ST values are found to be in good agreement with available experimental data. Our results underline that small Delta E-ST values and sizable spin orbit coupling matrix elements have to be simultaneously realized in order to facilitate DISC and ultimately TADF. Importantly, the spatial separation of the highest occupied. and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the emitter, a widely accepted strategy for the design of TADF molecules, does not necessarily lead to a sufficient reduction in Delta E-ST; in fact, either a significant charge-transfer (CT) contribution to the T-1 state or a minimal energy difference between the local-excitation and charge-transfer triplet states is required to, achieve a small Delta E-ST. Also, having S-1 and T-1 states of a different nature is found to strongly enhance spin-orbit coupling, which is consistent with the El-Sayed rule for ISC rates. Overall, our results indicate that having either similar energies for the local-excitation and charge-transfer triplet states or the right balance between a substantial CT contribution to T-1 and somewhat different natures of the S-1 and T-1 states, paves the way toward UISC enhancement and thus TADF efficiency improvement.</P>

Studying Thermochemical Conversion of Sm₂O₃ to SmCl₃ using AlCl₃ in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Melt

Samanta, Nibedita,Chandra, Manish,Maji, S.,Venkatesh, P.,Annapoorani, S.,Jain, Ashish The Korean Electrochemical Society 2022 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.13 No.2

In this report the thermochemical conversion of Sm₂O₃ to SmCl₃ using AlCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt at 773 K is discussed. The final product was a mixture of SmCl₃, Al₂O₃, unreacted Sm₂O₃ and AlCl₃ in the chloride melt. The electrochemical attributes of the mixture was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The crystallographic phases of the mixture were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The major chemical conversion was optimized by varying the effective parameters, such as concentrations of AlCl₃, duration of reaction and the amount of LiCl-KCl salt. The extent of conversion and qualitative assessment of efficiency of the present protocol were evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies of the mixture. Thus, a critical assessment of the thermochemical conversion efficiency was accomplished by analysing the amount of SmCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt. In the process, a conversion efficiency of 95% was achieved by doubling the stoichiometric requirement of AlCl₃ in 50 g of LiCl-KCl salt. The conversion reaction was found to be very fast as the reaction reached equilibrium in 15 min.

Effect of roughness on interface shear behavior of sand with steel and concrete surface

Samanta, Manojit,Punetha, Piyush,Sharma, Mahesh Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.4

The present study evaluates the interface shear strength between sand and different construction materials, namely steel and concrete, using direct shear test apparatus. The influence of surface roughness, mean size of sand particles, relative density of sand and size of the direct shear box on the interface shear behavior of sand with steel and concrete has been investigated. Test results show that the surface roughness of the construction materials significantly influences the interface shear strength. The peak and residual interface friction angles increase rapidly up to a particular value of surface roughness (critical surface roughness), beyond which the effect becomes negligible. At critical surface roughness, the peak and residual friction angles of the interfaces are 85-92% of the peak and residual internal friction angles of the sand. The particle size of sand (for morphologically identical sands) significantly influences the value of critical surface roughness. For the different roughness considered in the present study, both the peak and residual interaction coefficients lie in the range of 0.3-1. Moreover, the peak and residual interaction coefficients for all the interfaces considered are nearly identical, irrespective of the size of the direct shear box. The constitutive modeling of different interfaces followed the experimental investigation and it successfully predicted the pre-peak, peak and post peak interface shear response with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, the predicted stress-displacement relationship of different interfaces is in good agreement with the experimental results. The findings of the present study may also be applicable to other non-yielding interfaces having a similar range of roughness and sand properties.

A techno-economic analysis of partial repowering of a 210 MW coal fired power plant

Samanta, Samiran,Ghosh, Sudip Techno-Press 2015 Advances in energy research Vol.3 No.3

This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of a partial repowering scheme for an existing 210 MW coal fired power plant by integrating a gas turbine and by employing waste heat recovery. In this repowering scheme, one of the four operating coal mills is taken out and a new natural gas fired gas turbine (GT) block is considered to be integrated, whose exhaust is fed to the furnace of the existing boiler. Feedwater heating is proposed through the utilization of waste heat of the boiler exhaust gas. From the thermodynamic analysis it is seen that the proposed repowering scheme helps to increase the plant capacity by about 28% and the overall efficiency by 27%. It also results in 21% reduction in the plant heat rate and 29% reduction in the specific $CO_2$ emissions. The economic analysis reveals that the partial repowering scheme is cost effective resulting in a reduction of the unit cost of electricity (UCOE) by 8.4%. The economic analysis further shows that the UCOE of the repowered plant is lower than that of a new green-field power plant of similar capacity.

Ecological risk assessment of a contaminated stream using multi-level integrated biomarker response in <i>Carassius auratus</i>

Samanta, Palas,Im, Hyungjoon,Na, Joorim,Jung, Jinho Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.233 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The goal of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of wastewater effluents on freshwater crucian carp, <I>Carassius auratus</I>, inhabiting Sincheon stream using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) at the genotoxic (micronucleus [MN] test), oxidative stress (activity of catalase [CAT] and glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase [GST], and level of lipid peroxidation [LPO]), histopathological (degree of tissue changes [DTC]), and physiological (condition factor [CF] and liver somatic index [LSI]) levels. The CF and LSI were significantly (<I>p</I> < 0.05) enhanced in fish from downstream sites (DS1 and DS2) as compared to that of upstream (US) fish samples. Moreover, a significant increase in morphometric indices (DTC) was observed in <I>C. auratus</I> collected from downstream sites (<I>p</I> < 0.05) and histopathological responses showed the degree of pathogenicity in the order of liver > kidney > gills. The activities of CAT, GST, and LPO in fish from the DS1 and DS2 sites were notably increased in gills, liver, and kidney compared to that of fish from the US site. Additionally, the MN test level in <I>C. auratus</I> from the DS1 and DS2 were significantly increased (<I>p</I> < 0.05) when compared with that of the US site. Considering the higher bioaccumulation of Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb in gills, liver, and kidney of <I>C. auratus</I> collected from downstream sites compared to that of the upstream site (<I>p</I> < 0.05), the observed toxicity was likely attributable to metal accumulation. The multi-level IBR index was higher at the DS1 site (15.08) than at the DS2 (1.02) and the reference US (0.00) sites. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that wastewater effluent discharge induces significant DNA damage, oxidative stress, and tissue injuries in <I>C. auratus</I> and suggested that the multi-level IBR approach should be used to quantify these effects on fish in streams and rivers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effluent discharge induced various biomarker responses in freshwater crucian carp. </LI> <LI> The biomarker response had higher values at downstream sites than at upstream site. </LI> <LI> Multi-level IBR index is a powerful tool to monitor aquatic pollution <I>in situ.</I> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR FOR A NONAUTONOMOUS SMOKING DYNAMICAL MODEL WITH DISTRIBUTED TIME DELAY

Samanta, G.P. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.3

In this paper we have considered a dynamical mathematical model of the sub-populations of potential smokers (non-smokers), smokers, smokers who temporarily quit smoking, smokers who permanently quit smoking and a class of smoking associated illness by introducing time dependent parameters and distributed time delay to acquire smoking habit. Here, we have established some sufficient conditions on the permanence and extinction of the smoking class in the community by using inequality analytical technique. We have introduced some new threshold values $R_0$ and $R^*$ and further obtained that the smoking class in the community will be permanent when $R_0$ > 1 and the smoking class in the community will be going to extinct when $R^*$ < 1. By Lyapunov functional method, we have also obtained some sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of this model. Computer simulations are carried out to explain the analytical findings. The aim of the analysis of this model is to identify the parameters of interest for further study, with a view to informing and assisting policy-maker in targeting prevention and treatment resources for maximum effectiveness.