Education in the Making of Women's Work History : The Role of Government and Household in Korea

Chung, Jinjoo Ewha Womans University Press 1997 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.3 No.3

This paper aims to explore the ways in which education influences work trajectories of young women working at factories. Life histories of fifteen Korean working women and their family members were collected and analyzed. The findings suggest that the level and type of women's education is affected both by household and government. In the absence of complete educational support by the government to all citizens, women's schooling is affected by the dynamics of gender, familial life cycles and perceptions and decisions relating to children's education. Educational levels of sons and daughters at the household level reveal an unequal allocation of resources by parents, resulting in lower educational levels of daughter. Women's lower educational qualifications, compared to those of men, are usual unless their families' resources are sufficient to provide all children equal opportunities, or if their brothers leave home. Furthermore, the type of high school and curriculum for women are based on underlying assumptions of gender. These notions and practices exclude women fro many job options and steer them towards occupations that are considered to be women's work. Depending on the level of education, women have four different work trajectories within the manufacturing sector.

Transitions in education policy and interventions for underachievers in South Korea

Pearl Jinjoo Chung,홍원표 한국교육개발원 2015 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.12 No.2

South Korea has recently shifted away from an outcomes-based accountability system to a more holistic approach to interventions for underachieving students in elementary school, called Do-Dream schools. Based on qualitative interview data, this study examines how the new intervention policy is perceived and implemented in practice. Findings reveal that teachers and students have positive responses to Do-Dream schools, even though there are some hurdles that hinder the effective implementation of the new policy. Nonetheless, schools attempted to provide more diverse intervention programs to enhance underachieving students’ emotional and academic development instead of focusing on standardized achievement goals. Based on these findings, the study provides wider implications that can be useful in other countries with regard to interventions.

FDD Massive MIMO 시스템에서의 적응 채널 추정 기법

정진주(Jinjoo Chung),한용희(Yonghee Han),이정우(Jungwoo Lee) 한국통신학회 2015 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.40 No.7

[특집/동강댐의 환경사회학]환경분쟁에 있어서 지역운동사의 전개 - 동강댐 건설을 중심으로

정진주(Jinjoo Chung) 한국환경사회학회 2001 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.1 No.-

동강댐 건설에 관한 논쟁은 지역주민뿐만 아니라 전국적으로 환경 문제에 대한 관심과 활동을 확산시킨 계기가 되었다. 또한 다양한 이해 당사자가 개입하여 자신의 입장을 명확히 하고 조직적이고 구제적인 활동을 한 환경사안으로 역사적 획을 긋게 된다. 공동조사단의 결정으로 일단은 댐의 백지화라는 결론이 내려진 이 시점에서 본 논문은 지난 10년간의 동강댐에 관한 역시를 4시기로 나누어 지역주민의 댐 논의를 운동사적인 측면에서 살펴본다.<br/> 1990년의 홍수로 댐의 필요성이 제기된 이래 동강댐에 관한 논의는 4시기로 구분될 수 있다. 199 년-1996년 시기에는 동강댐의 영향권에 있던 영월과 정선에서 각기 댐 건설에 관한 상반된 입장을 갖게 된다. 영월에서는 홍수로 인한 피해가 심했던 만큼 댐 건설의 필요성이 댐의 안정성 문제나 자연적 가치에 대한 중요성을 제기한 소수의 의견에도 불구하고 지배적이었다. 정선은 댐의 안정성과 군의 침몰이 중요한 문제로 부각되어 지역유지를 중심으로 주민이 참여하여 결사적인 반대운동을 거치게 된다. 하지만 96년 후반과 98년 초반에는 각 지역 에서 댐 건설에 대한 찬성과 반대의 입장이 양극화되어 갈등적이고 대립적인 상황이 발생하게 된다. 양분화는 수자원공사의 댐 예정지 고시와 함께 사업단의 영윌 진출에 따라 댐 건설이 확실시되는 가운데 수몰민 지역주민은 경제적 보상에 대한 우려로 기존의 반대의 입장에서 댐 건설 찬성으로 선회하게 되는 계기가 된다. 각 이해당사자는 투쟁위원회를 구성하여 자신의 목표를 달성하기 위한 조직적인 기반을 다지게 된다. 또한 이 시기는 환경단체가 댐 건설 반대운동에 적극적으로 연합하기 위한 전초전을 갖게 된다.<br/> 제 3시기인 98년초반 99년중반에 이르면 특히 영월지역의 반대운동은 환경단제의 적극적인 개입, 전국적인 시민의 동조, 이에 따른 군과 도의 정치적 차원의 댐 건설 반대의 공식적 선언으로 운동이 최고지점에 이르게 된다. 반면 수몰민 중심의 댐 건설 찬성 입장은 반대운동과의 선을 명확히 긋지만 계층적인 한계와 생태가치를 주요 운동가치로 내세우는 반대운동의 수세에 몰리게 된다. 전반적으로 댐 건설 반대운동이 우위를 점하면서 마지막 단계에서는 이제까지 소외되었던 수몰민의 보상, 지역경제의 활성화 등이 다시 해결되어야 한다는 공감대가 일기 시작하면서 조사단의 결정으로 댐 건설은 백지화된다. 댐은 백지화되 었지만 그동안의 논쟁으로 지역공동체는 결렬되었고 향후 동강의 문제를 어떻게 풀어나가느냐는 아직도 미해결의 과제인 셈이다.<br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> The environmental movement against the construction of Dong-Gang Dam has gamed national attention, thereby helping Koreans to become more aware of environmental Issues Various interest groups m the affected area held different views about the proposed construction of the dam, organizing themselves in support of or opposition to the plan. This paper analyzes the values, organization and strategies of the movement at the local level as well as examining the nature of conflict among the interest groups m the area.<br/> The flood in 1990, which marks the beginning of the debate over the dam, provoked different reactions from the people living m the area Many people were in support of the dam since they thought the dam would prevent future floods Those hying m the area that Will be submerged upon the construction of the dam also welcomed the proposed construction, demanding appropriate economic compensation in return. Campaigning against these advocates of the dam were those who opposed m the belief that the configuration of the land m the area was not stable enough to build a dam. The opponents of the dam also argued that the dam would leave people With nothing Due to such divergent views about the dam, the two parties were m serious conflicts for a long time Breaking such stalemate was the involvement in the matter by national and regional environment groups Their Involvement generated interests among urban residents, turning what was once a local and non-environmental Issue into a national and environmental one In the process, the party that opposed the building of the dam earned support from indirect interest groups, and subsequently, public opinion favoring the preservation of the area won, at least for now, because the plan has been put on hold<br/>

여성의 일과 건강

정진주(Chung Jinjoo) 한국여성학회 2002 한국여성학 Vol.18 No.1

사무직은 여성노동자의 비중이 높은 직종이나 이 집단의 건강에 대한 실태파악이나 정책은 매우 미비한 실정이다. 사무직의 노동환경은 전통적인 물리적, 화학적 요인과는 다른 요인이 더욱 중시되고 장기간 누적되어 나타나는 직업성 질환이 문제가 되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 사무직 여성노동자의 건강현황을 파악하고 사무직 여성노동자의 건강권 확보를 위한 방향제시를 하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 사무직에서 문제가 되고 있는 근골격계질환에 대한 실태조사를 실시하였다. 인구, 사회적 요인, 작업환경의 제반 요인과 근골격계질환에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 비작업적 요인을 포함한 질문지를 작성, 872부의 질문지를 대상으로 집단간 교차비(odds ratio)를 분석하였다. 미국산업안전보건기구가 규정하고 있는 기준에 따를 때 전체 응답자의 62.5%인 545명이 질환을 호소하였다. 근골격계질환 발생과 관련된 요인은 평균근무시간, 잔업/특근 여부, 작업 중 휴식시간, 작업량 조절가능, 작업강도, 직무의 요구량, 동료와 상사로부터의 정서적인 지원, 스트레스, 피로, 음주회수로 나타났다. 근골격계질환을 호소함에도 불구하고 문제의 해결을 위해 질병을 보고하지 않은 사람은 83.4%였고, 근골격계질환에 관한 교육을 받아본 적이 없는 노동자가 95%로 절대 다수를 차지하고 있다. 따라서 사무직 여성노동자의 심각한 근골격계질환발생의 감소를 위해서는 현재의 근골격계질환 예방대책을 권고수준에서 사업주의 강제사항으로의 변경과 성인지적 관점에서 성별 노동환경과 질환에 대한 자료 구축, 보건관리의 혜택이 성평등적으로 작용하고 있는지에 대한 관리가 필요하다. Concerns of women's health have mostly focused on women's pregnancy and childbirth and recently on women workers working in the manufacturing sector. Women's absorption into clerical work has rapidly increased, yet their health conditions in relation to working environment have not been paid much attention. In fact, clerical workers work in the different working environment from what traditional occupational health and safety law has covered. In the office working setting, physical and chemical risk factors are not so much important as factories and occupational disease, not injuries, recognized after long-term, is prevalent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine conditions of female clerical worker's health paying special attention to musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) and suggest a way to improve health of those workers. To understand prevalence and risk factors of MSDs among female clerical workers, we used a questionnaire containing demographic and social factors, various dimensions of working environment and non-occupational variables. 872 questionnaires were collected and odds ratio was obtained to understand group difference by each variable. According to NIOSH definition of MSDs, 62.5% of workers had symptoms at least one part of body. Workers had the most severe symptoms on shoulder and hick, wrist/hands/fingers, knee/ankle/, ann/elbow in order. Factors affecting prevalence of MSDs were average working hours, overtime work, duration of break time during working time, possibility of accommodating job demand, labour intensity, social support, stress, level of tiredness and alcohol drinking. In spite of recognizing MSDs, 83.4% of workers did not report their symptoms to the company or trade union. Thus workers did not have opportunities to have appropriate treatment and ask for improvement of working environment. In addition, 95% of workers have never had education on MSDs. Since many female clerical workers had MSDs, several measures should be suggested. First, currently Korean occupational health and safety(OHS) law regulates MSDs only through various recommendations that company owner should take. Thus the recommendations should be at the level of law giving more responsibility of company owner to take substantial actions at the workplace. In addition to the reform of law, every workplace should establish occupational health and safety management system to analyze health problems, make changes and evaluate those changes for the following changes of working environment. Through these measures, clerical workers could have education on work-related diseases and make changes of various dimensions of the working environment.

캐나다의 여성건강 기반 구축 현황

정진주(Chung, Jinjoo) 한국여성연구소 2014 페미니즘 연구 Vol.14 No.1

건강에 대한 높은 관심과는 달리 여성의 요구와 젠더 관점을 수용한 건강정책이 매우 부족한 것이 한국의 현실이다. 젠더관점의 건강정책을 실행하기 위해서는 여성(젠더)건강의 인프라 구축이 필요한데, 한국의 경우 그 인프라는 취약하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 선진국의 여성건강 기반 구축의 경험을 살펴보아 한국의 미래 청사진을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문은 여성건강 인프라 구축과 정책실행이 상대적으로 잘 수행된 경험이 있는 캐나다를 사례로 선정하여 여성건강 기반 구축 현황을 검토하였다. 연구방법으로는 캐나다의 여성건강정책에 대한 기존문헌 및 인터넷 자료의 검토, 캐나다 현지 기관 방문 결과를 활용하였다. 연구결과 캐나다의 인프라 구축에서 정부 단위의 여성건강 전략 및 종합계획의 수립 및 실행, 여성건강정책의 사회적 모델 채택, 여성건강 예산의 확보, 여성건강 담당부서와 인력 마련, 여성건강 정보생산 및 모니터링 체계마련, 여성건강연구 지원의 확대, 여성건강에 대한 지식통역과 교육, 여성건강네트워크의 형성 등이 중요하다고 판단되었고, 이를 기반으로 한국사회에서의 인프라 구축의 필요성에 대해 정리하였다. This study examines foundation of women’s health policy and infrastructure in Canada. While the Korean government has not actively prepared for women’s health policy, it is important to investigate Canadian case to understand components and porcess of women’s health infrastructure. Literature review and 10 days of visit to Canadian organizations related to women’s health help to grasp the nature of structural formation of women’s health policy. Korean government should provide women’s health plan and budget for women’s health policy, adopt social model of health policy and increase women’s health research, women’s health network and educational programs.

제왕절개분만경험 여성이 인식한 제왕절개증가 원인 및 바람직한 출산환경

정진주(Jinjoo Chung) 대한여성건강학회 2008 여성건강 Vol.9 No.1

Reexamining Textbooks as a Gender Text in Elementary Practical Arts Textbooks

정진주(Pearl Jinjoo Chung) 연세대학교 교육연구소 2014 미래교육학연구 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 초등학교 5-6학년 실과교과서에 나타난 성역할 고정관념을 살펴보기 위해, 실과 교과서에서 사용하는 화보를 분석하고 그 안에 내재된 성역할 고정관념의 의미를 알아보고자 했다. 이를 위해, 첫째, 실과교과서의 화보를 분석하여 다양한 그림과 사진이 묘사하고 있는 성역할 고정관념을 분석하고, 둘째, 직업과 관련된 화보를 점검하고 성역할 고정관념이 어떻게 드러나는지 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남성과 여성의 화보 출현비율은 비슷했으나, 남자는 남성다움을 드러나거나 활발한 운동을 하는 것으로 표현되었고, 또한 집안의 경제원을 갖고 있는 회사원으로 묘사되었다. 반면, 여자는 애정을 주는 부모의 역할로 표현되거나 여자 아이들은 자신의 외모에 신경 쓰는 것으로 묘사되었다. 따라서 앞으로 남녀 성역할을 개선하기 위해서는 가사활동 및 학교활동에 평등하고 균형적인 남녀 화보가 제시될 필요가 있다. 또한, 실과교과서는 학생들에게 다양한 직업에 관한 정보를 제공하고 있으나, 남성이 공학이나 의사 등 전문적인 직업을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타난 반면 여성은 패션과 관련된 직업이 가장 많이 출현된 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 사회활동 및 직업적인 영역에서도 남녀 화보를 결정하는데 있어 더 깊은 고려할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this research is to investigate representations of gender stereotypes in 5th and 6th grade Practical Arts textbooks used in Korea, and identify undergirded conceptions that influence students’ formation of gender roles. For this research, 5th and 6th grade Practical Arts textbooks from Gyo-hak-sa and Chun-jae Education, a total of 4 textbooks are examined in the following areas: 1) frequency of male and female depictions in textbooks, 2) portrayal of gender stereotypes in illustrations, and 3) gender stereotypes depicted in vocations. From this research, the following conclusions are made. First, the number of male and female illustrations are almost identical. However, more males are represented as masculine and active who financially support a family while females are portrayed as care-providers and nurturers. Second, more males are projected to have higher status jobs in the fields of engineering and medicine whereas more females are illustrated in fashion and beauty related fields. As a result, a balanced delineation as well as careful selections of male and female illustrations are necessary to enhance students' understanding of gender roles, identity, and gender equity in the future.

The Effect of Holder Pasteurization and Storage on Macronutrients in Donor Human Milk

( Jinjoo Kim ),( Na Mi Lee ),( Dae Yong Yi ),( Sung-hoon Chung ),( Yong-sung Choi ) 대한주산의학회 2020 Perinatology Vol.31 No.1

Objective: Milk delivered to human milk banks should be pasteurized and stored at -20°C in order to inactivate any microbial agents that may be present. We aimed to quantify the changes in the macronutrient composition of donor human milk (DHM) that underwent Holder pasteurization (HoP) and subsequent storage. Methods: A total of 54 breast milk samples from 26 healthy lactating mothers were collected at different time points after delivery, at intervals ranging from 1-6 months. We measured the carbohydrate, protein, fat, and energy content before and after HoP. After HoP, DHM was stored at -20°C, and the nutrients were measured at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks after storage commenced. Results: The difference in time between expression of milk and pasteurization did not affect the concentration of macronutrients. However, the protein, fat, and energy contents decreased significantly during HoP. The mean values of the protein, fat, and energy contents in DHM pre-HoP were 1.2 g/dL, 3.7 g/dL, and 72.1 kcal/dL, compared with post-HoP values of 1.0 g/dL, 3.1 g/dL, and 65.2 kcal/dL, respectively. Although HoP reduced the protein, fat, and energy contents of donor milk by 16.7%, 16.2%, and 9.6%, respectively, the carbohydrate content was not reduced. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the content of all the analyzed macronutrients following storage for up to 20 weeks. Conclusion: The post-HoP storage period affected nutrients, with several human milk components decreasing in content after HoP. As such, DHM after HoP may need fortification to ensure normal infant growth.

Genetic and Morphological Stability of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Germplasm Recovered from Cryopreservation using Droplet-vitrification

Jinjoo Bae,Young-Yi Lee,Sun-Yi Lee,Jae-Young Song,Bong-Nam Chung,Jung-Ro Lee,Munsup Yoon,Jung-Yoon Yi,Haeng-Hoon Kim 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most important crops in many countries because of its taste and nutrients. Several reports raised the concerns of somaclonal variations by tissue cultures which is the major propagation methods for strawberry productions. In order to prevent the issue, studies suggested using low concentrations of cytokinins and a reduced number of subcultures during in vitro propagation. For a long term preservation of genetic resources, cryopreservation technique has been developed on strawberry germplasm and mainly used in vitro grown shoot tips. In this study, genetic and morphological stability of six strawberry accessions such as ‘Pink paend’, ‘Gorella’, ‘NY1406’, ‘Merrimack’, ‘Tangi’ and ‘Tufts’ were tested under treatment conditions, 1) conventional propagation (Control), 2) In vitro propagation (tissue culture, TC), 3) non-liquid nitrogen treatment (pre-treatment before cryopreservation, LNC), and 4) cryopreservation (liquid nitrogen treatment, LN). To examine genetic stability, 15 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used. 12 out of 15 primer sets were selected based on their reproducibility of band patterns. A total of 102 bands were generated and no polymorphism were found among four treatments and three replications within an accession except one cultivar. A few polymorphic bands were found in only tissue cultured plants (TC) of “Tufts”. To test morphological variations, rooted plants under in vitro grown, were planted in greenhouse after acclimatization. We measured vegetative traits including plant length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and number of runners. There are no significant differences in these traits among treatments within an accession. This study demonstrates that the cryopreserved plants of the six strawberry accessions are genetically and morphologically stable.