청풍계(淸風溪) 경관에 관한 연구

이진향 ( Jin Hyang Lee ),이재근 ( Jae Keun Lee ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2011 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.29 No.1

서울의 주산인 백악산과 우백호에 해당하는 인왕산이 만나는 계곡에 위치한 청풍계는 선원 김상용의 소유로 조선 초기부터 경관이 아름답기로 알려져 사람들이 끊이지 않는 별서지였다. 선원 김상용은 율곡 이이와 우계성혼 등과 함께 수학하며 인조반정의 주도세력인 서인의 한 사람으로 병자호란 시 강화도에서 순절한 인물이며, 동생인 청음 김상헌과 함께 조선 선비의 표상인 충절의 표본으로 알려지고 있다. 신안동김씨의 세거지인 장동 일대는 조선 선비정신의 근본인 율곡학파의 근원지이며 조선 후기 겸재 정선, 사천 이병연, 관아재 조영석과 같은 백악사단의 활동으로 진경문화가 꽃 핀 진경문화의 발상지라 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 첫째, 안동김씨의 세거지인 장동과 안동김씨의 관계 등 역사적 배경과 청풍계의 주인인 선원 김상용의 행적과 시대적 상황을 통해서 서촌 일대의 장소성을 규명하고, 둘째, 청풍계를 묘사한 문현과 고지도, 회화를 분석하여 청풍계의 입지와 지형, 수계 등을 파악하여 청풍계의 원형경관을 알아보고자 한다. 연구의 진행은 「楓溪集勝記」와 「청풍계첩」 겸재 정선의 〈淸風溪> 圖 등에 나와 있는 청풍계 50여개의 경관요소를 도출하여 정관요소의 위치 형태 분석을 통하여 원형경관을 유추하였다. 또한 경관요소 명칭의 의미를 분석하여 청풍계 조영의 기반이 되는 사상(자연주의 사상, 신선사상, 유교사상, 불교사상)을 추정할 수 있었으며, 이는 청풍계의 장소성 규명에 이바지하리라 사료된다. 청풍계 원형경관에 관한 연구는 청풍계의 재현, 청계천의 상류 지천 복원 사업의 수계, 서촌 일대 도시재개발사업시행 시 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. Cheongpunggye is located in a valley where Baekaksan, the main mountain of Seoul and Inwang Mountain corresponding to right-white tiger(石白虎) divination based on topography are crossed. The owner of Cheongpunggye is Seonwon Kim Sangyong and many people had visited there without pause because of beautiful landscape since the early times of Chosun. Seonwon Kim Sangyong had ever studied together with Yulgok Yi I and Woogye Seong Hon. He was one of the Western faction(Seo-in) which was the leading power of Injo Coup and died for his chastity during Second Manchu Invasion of Chosun. He is known as a model of fidelity which is a symbol for scholar`s spirit in Chosun together with his younger brother Cheongeum Kim Sangheon. Jangdong region, the clan village of New Andong family was the birthplace of Yulgok School which was the fundamental of scholar spirit of Chosun. And Jangdong would be the source of Jin-Gyeong(Real Scenery) Culture which was bloomed by Baekak club composed of Gyeomjae Jeong Seon, Sacheon Lee Byeongyeon, and Gwanajae Cho Yeongseok. The contents of this study are as follows. First, this study explored the placeness of Seochon region through the historical background like the relation between Jangdong, the clan village of Andong Kim family and Andong Kim family, and achievements of Seonwon Kim Sangyong and circumstances of that times. Second, this study tried to know original landscape of Cheongpunggye by investigating location, topography, water system etc. based on analysis of literature, old map, and paintings describing Cheongpunggye. The study was progressed in this way. To infer the original landscape, about 50 landscape elements of Cheongpunggye shown in Punggyejibseunggi(楓溪集勝記), Cheongpunggye Cheop, Cheongpunggye(淸風溪), the work of Gyeomjae Jeong Sean were searched, and then the location and form of the elements was analyzed. Furthermore, by analyzing the meanings of the names for the landscape elements, the thoughts(Naturalism, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism) supporting the structure of Cheongpunggye could be inferred. It is thought that these findings can contribute to exploration of placeness of Cheongpunggye. The study on original landscape of Cheongpunggye can be used as basic data when these works are executed-revival of Cheongpunggye, restoration of small streams in upper part of Cheonggyecheon, renewal of Seochon region.

(번역)『박통사』(상)의 난해어

김양진(Kim, Ryang-jin),장향실(Chang, Hyang-sil) 국어국문학회 2014 국어국문학 Vol.- No.166

This article aims lexicologically to research difficulty words which we could not understand the meaning of declinable words in the (Beonyeok)Baktongsa(朴通事) volume one. By this research, we find out meaning of several verbal words, as follows "japsoeu-[잡소으-](lesson 1 ), hyang-nario-[향나리오-](lesson 2), bopnol-[봅놀-](lesson 19), al-[알-](lesson 26), gatalh?-[가탈하-](lesson 33), and also uncovered meanings of abjective words like s?m?itgap-[사밋갑-](lesson 6), s?lgap-[살갑-](lesson 6), p?n[펀](lesson 13) etc.. This thesis present the reason why gatalh?-[가탈하-] means ‘totter’, ‘stagger’ and ‘stagger’. And also it was a significant research which find out ‘s?m?itgap-[사밋갑]-’ means ‘considerate(생각이) 깊-’ and the word of p?n[펀]means ‘p?l-[펄-]’ as meaning of ‘bluish green’. In fact, it was the controversialword. There were controversies in interpreting the meaning of these words.Of course still there were lots of unsolved words in (Beonyeok)Baktongsa(朴通事), those are wait for in-depth research.

경막 내 colistimethate 투여로 치료한 다제 내성 cinetobacter baumannii 뇌실염

홍유아,유진홍,김진진,모은영,안건희,정희경,김진석,이현정,정미향,윤승배 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.4

Acinetobacter species is a non-fermentative aerobic gram-negative coccobacillus that is an important pathogen found in nosocomial infections. Recently, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) infections have been increasing and pose a serious problem. Most such infections present as bacteremia, pneumonia, or a wound infection; however, CNS infections are very rare. We herein present a case of ventriculitis caused by MDR-AB in a 37-year old man after a neurosurgical intervention. The patient was successfully treated with intrathecal colistimethate.

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 Calbindin D-28k과 c-fos의 변화에 관한 연구

김명,김기훈,김주영,하현철,안명수,김장민,조향훈,정명섭,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Changes of Calbindin D-28k- and c-fos-immunoreactivities in the superior collicuclus after Eye Enucleation. Objective and methods: Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) play an important role in the protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system. The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindin D-28k were examined immunohistochemically in the superficial layer of the rat superior colliculus. Also early gene familly c-fos was examined to evaluate the neuronal characteristics in the superior colliculus after monocular enucleation. Results: On the experimental side of superior colliculus, the number of calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. Appearance of c-fos-like immunoreactivity was represented much more in the ipsilateral superior colliculus than contralateral side within 24h after eye enucleation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of calbindin D-28k and c-fos expression.

대학생의 운동과 스포츠 장애에 관한 연구

황향희,이상진,부기원 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.23

The purpose of this study was to survey and analyze the response of college students on the barriers to exercise and sport with 1,000 students(female : 500, male :500) on the Chunchon city in Kangwon province were answered by the questionnaire. Analyse of the data with 732(female:374, male:358) for the evaluation of the questionnaire can be acquired the more basis materials of sports environment for the university students. As result, we have the conclusion as follow. 1.There are no difference(P> .05) in their sex and factor of sport barriers, but there is a different(P <.001) between the factors of sport barriers. 2.Their major and factor of sport barriers weren't a difference, but there is a difference<P <.01) between the factors of sport barriers. 3.Whether they was a member of exercise group or not and factor of sport barriers. There is no significant differences according to whether they was a member of exercise group or not level at P> .05, but there is a difference(P <.001) between the factors of sport barriers. 4.In their grade and factor of sport barriers, there is a meaningful difference level at P <.01, but there is no difference between the factors of sport barriers level at P <.001. Group of 2d, 3d, 4th more disturbed than average in order of barriers of resources, club, and program, but the reflection of 1st grade;s group in order to barriers of resources, program, club, and satisfaction at the program. Approximately, 1st grade's reflection seemed level at average. 5.As a result of the analysis of variance that their sex, major, whether they was a member of exercise group or not, grade and the factors of sport barriers. Generally, they were so many disturbed by barriers of resources, and then they showed strong rejection symptoms toward high price they should pay for using exercise facilities. The college student's exercise and sports activities weren't disturbed by their health. In addition, there is no significant difference in the effect of interaction that in their sex, major, whether they was a member of exercise group or not, grade and the factors of sport barriers.

호텔 서비스의 品質水準 測定과 向上方案

許香珍,高載乾 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.31 No.1

The aims of this study is to grasp how the level of (human) service quality is and what method should be taken to improve the quality of service in tourist hotels on Cheju. This paper studied how the nature of sevice and its characterristics are mainly using William B. Martin'c CSAS that presents critical factors of hotel service quality. And in order to find out the level of service in tourist hotels on Cheju and their types, we've attempted actual analysis using valuation by other people. And the result is following: First, there were pretty much difference of service quality to clients among different classes of hotels. But as higher class hotel is not always estimated as it serve high quality service, we can say the estimating quality of service has relative attribution. Second, according to the result from the relations between service-man's back-ground and quality of service, the factors of age are related with all factors of change of service quality but the factors of sex, frequency of hotel use and occupation are not related with the quality of service. Third, the result of correlation analysis between the factors of change of service quality, showed that there is a closed relationship between the quality of formal service and personal service. Fourth, the service type of hotel employees was the type that clients are satisfied, which the levels of quality of formal service and personal service are both high. On the base of this result, we may represent some ways to improve the quality of service in tourist hotels on Cheju. First, hotels have to manage their personal and invest on it. Second, hotels have to establish a management system of service quality and develop it continuously. Third, to improve formal service quality, they have to prepare the SOP(standard operating procedure) and let workers serve by it. Meanwhile, the limits of this study is as folow:First, there are not enough documents and studies related to measuring and managing service quality. Second, the problem may occur because we analyze statistics of the data after changing the quality of service to the numerical value. And thdere may also make a mistake as the research by question which is answered under clients' actual experience and perference. Third, planning of research, collection and analysis were not so elaborate. This study attempts to search the quality management of service. In future study, there has to be more elaborate meausre of sevice quality and general characteristics of service type and more objective measuring methods should be developed.

호텔企業의 客室料設定에 관한 實證的 考察 : 휴버트方式(Hubbart Formula)을 中心으로

許香珍 제주대학교 1985 논문집 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to find out the efficient way of hotel management and optimel room rates, that can produce profit. One of the important aspects of competitive hotel business is to establish a method for the determination of reasonable room rates The determination of a room rate is critical to the financial well being of the hotel since a large portion of the room revenues are used to support the other hotel departments, and usually make the largest contribution to the achivement of profit it can not be adequately discussed in the absence of a satisfactory oocupancy level. The inherent problem with objective formulas aimed at room rating is that they require numerous assumptions. The Horwath formula is a rather static estimation based solely on construction costs This method is very simplistic The application of the Hubbart formula adds concern for receipt of a reasonable return on Investment in addition to reflecting costs. The formula incorporates may varied cost accounts and revenues and produces a minimum average room rate, which must be achived if the hotel is to over its protected costs. The break-even analysis method of room rate defermination is sensitive to changing costs levels as related to variable revenue levels The delineation of fixed and variable cost components for hotel expenses more accurately develops a price based on flexible conditions than either the Hubbart or Horwath methods can. Also an Important facet of the break-even analysis lies in its mutiple potential uses. The fact that occupancy levels and room rates can be analyzed clear1y and any trade-offs arising from price or quantity alterations can be reflected is surely beneficial This method forces management to analyze cost structure in order to generate prices Fially, the most favorable method for room rate determination is the Hubbart formula that will be needed to total the operating expense, plus a fair profit, and the break-even analysis method is able to supply for its shortcomings.

Benzene에 의해 오염된 물의 鹽素處理에 의한 鹽素化合物의 生成에 關한 硏究

신현진,최고열,장향동 서울産業大學校 1996 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

This paper describes the production of the second pollution materials possibly produced during the water purification of water contaminated by various inorganic compounds. The effect of the reaction conditions such as the concentration of benzene and remaining chloride, temperature, pH as well as the addition of heavy metal on the production of chlorobenzenes has been investigated. It was confirmed from the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of products that mono- and dichlorobenzenes, which smelled offensively and were harmful to human body, were created by chlorination of benzene containing water. The production of chlorobenzene was always observed when the concentration of benzene and remaining chloride was higher than 0.1 mg/ℓand 1 mg/ℓ, respectively. The amount of chlorobenzene increased with the reaction temperature and the concentration of reactants. The production of dichlorobenzene was largely dependent on the reaction temperature and the pH of reactant. When the pH of reactant was 2, an appreciable amount of 1.4-dichlorobenzene was produced. However, it decreased rapidly with the pH of reactant and completely disappeared at pH 4. There was no chlorobenzene produced at higher than pH 10. The concentration of chlorobenzene increased by the addition of Al and Fe.

간호사의 기본간호술 수행 빈도 및 중요성 인식도에 관한 일 조사 연구

양진향 東國專門大學 1995 金龜論叢 Vol.2 No.1

역동적이고 다원적인 현 사회는 건강 수준의 향상과 더불어 간호사의 역할이 다양하게 확대됨으로써 고도의 전문적인 문제 해결 능력을 가진 숙련된 간호사를 요구하고 있다. 간호 교육의 궁극적인 목표는 간호 학생들이 그 교육과정을 수료한 후 간호사로서 그들의 역할을 충분히 발휘할 수 있도록 하는데 있다. 이러한 간호교육에 있어서 실습 교육은 매우 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 실습 교육의 효율화를 위한 연구가 상당수 이루어져 왔음에도 불구하고 학생들은 일부 간호술에 편중되어 실습하게 되는 경향이 높고, 따라서 신규 간호사의 임상 현장에서의 적응능력 부족현상이 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 임상 실무 현장에서 간호사가 수행하는 기본간호술의 수행 빈도 및 중요성 인식도를 조사하여 점수별 상위 25%, 중위 50%, 하위 25% 범위에 해당하는 간호술을 제시하였다. 또한 각 병동별로 기본간호술 수행빈도 및 중요성 인식도 점수의 상위 25% 범위에 해당하는 간호술을 제시하여 이를 실습교육 구성에 반영함으로써 학생들에게 실무를 반영한 균형있는 실습능력을 배양하고 나아가 신규간호사로서 임상실무능력을 증진하고자 하였다.

비·부비동 양성 종양의 임상적 고찰

김진국,신향애,임채형,장현종,심대보 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

Background and Objectives: Benign tumors of the nose and paranasal sinues are rare in comparison with malignant growths. Authors aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of benign sino-nasal tumors. Materials and Methods: From 1994 through 2004, 25 cases of benign sino-nasal tumors (17 men and 8 women) were diagnosed and cared at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konkuk University. We reviewed medical records of patients to find out clinical features, radiologic findings, operative findings, therapeutic options, and outcomes. Postoperative observation was given for fifteen months on the average. Results: The most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal mass, frequent nasal bleeding, headache, and rhinorrhea, and the mass mainly placed in the lateral nasal wall. There were 12 cases (48%) of inverted papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of squamous papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of hemangioma, 1 (4%) case of pleomorphic adenoma, 1 (4%) case of leiomyoma, 1 (4%) case of lipoma. All the tumors were surgically removed. For the treatment of inverted papilloma, medial maxillectomy had been performed before 1997(2 cases); however, most cases have been managed with endonasal endoscopic technique since 1997. Recurrence was observed in two patients with inverted papilloma and one patients with squamous papilloma. Conclusion: Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumor in the nose and paranasal sinuses, followed by squamous papilloma and hemangioma. The optimal management of benign tumors is complete excision of tumor and endonasal endoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for an inverted papilloma.