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국내 중국어 문법서 연구 ― 문법용어 및 구성체계 비교를 중심으로
서지은 ( Suh¸ Jieun ),박창수 ( Park¸ Changsoo ),최재영 ( Choi¸ Jaeyoung ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.96
本文以16种汉语语法书为研究对象, 对语法术语的标准化问题进行了讨论, 并在语法术语和结构体系两个层面上进行了比较研究。主要结论如下: 第一, 在韩国出版的语法书中, 有一些语法书把介词、助动词、宾语、定语、状语和体分别称为“개사”、“능원동사”、“빈어”、“한정어”、“상황어”、“동태”, 它们都是借用汉字音的名称, 而在韩语中表示这些概念的名称都已存在, 如“전치사”、“조동사”、“목적어”、“관형어”、“부사어”、“상”等, 因此前一类的汉字音名称都是不必使用的。 第二, 有一些语法书把“代词”和“拟声词”分别称为“대명사”和“의성어”, 不过“代词”和“대명사”并非等同的概念, 而“의성어”这一名称容易误解为句子成分的一类。我们认为, 比这些名称更合适的是“대체사”和“의성사”。 第三, 特殊句式“X”字句 (如“把字句”) 共有两种韩语名称, 一种是“‘X’구문”, 另一种是“‘X’자문”。在构式语法里, 构式(即“구문”)指的是“形式语义匹配”, 因此如果用“‘X’구문”来指称“X”字句, 则会更好体现特殊句式本身的性质。此外, 一些语法书把“把”字句和被动句分别称为“처치문”和“‘被’구문”, 但“처치문”这一名称很难体现“把”字句的语义功能, “‘被’구문”是被动句的下位概念, 因此用这两个术语来指称“把”字句和被动句都是不合理的。 第四, 本文研究的16种汉语语法书根据结构体系可以分为A、B两类:A类以汉语语法体系为主 (10种), B类则以个别的表达方式为主 (6种)。另外, 大多数A类书都涉及几乎所有的基本语法项目, 而B类语法书仅涉及基本语法项目的一部分。据此而言, A类书更适合于想比较全面地学习汉语语法体系的学习者;B类书更适合于想根据各种情况能够说出基本语义表达的学习者。 第五, A、B类语法书在目录的编排上也有差异。A类语法书的排列顺序一般都是“先词类后句子”式, 而B类语法书的排列顺序既有“先句子后词类”式, 也有词类和句子的混合式。“先词类后句子”式和“先句子后词类”式各有好处, 前者是从汉语语法的基本单位开始的, 因此它能够让学习者逐步了解汉语语法体系的全貌, 而后者能够让学习者从学习的起步阶段开始就会表达出汉语的基本句式来。 This paper discusses the ways to standardize the grammatical terms and examines the current 16 Chinese grammar books in Korea by comparing their grammatical terms and structural systems. It has come to the following conclusions: First, Some of the grammar books still use Chinese consonants even though there are alternative terms in Korean, such as ‘개사’, ‘능원동사’, ‘빈어’, ‘한정어’, ‘상황어’, ‘동태’. It is preferable to change their names to ‘전치사’, ‘조동사’, ‘목적어’, ‘관형어’, ‘부사어’, ‘상’, respectively. Second, Some grammar books use the terms ‘대명사’ and ‘의성어’ to refer to ‘代词’ and ‘拟声词’. ‘대명사’ is not equivalent to ‘代词’, and ‘의성어’ is easy to be misunderstood as a type of sentence component, so these terms should be replaced by ‘대체사’ and ‘의성사’ respectively. Third, the special sentence construction made on behalf of one or more of the letters (‘X’) are named differently as ‘ ‘X’구문’ or ‘ ‘X’자문’ in each grammar book. Given that the construction represents a particular pair of forms and meanings, the term ‘ ‘X’구문’ is more consistent with the special sentence construction. Some grammar books use the names ‘처치문’ and ‘ ‘被’구문’ to refer to 把-construction and passive construction, but ‘처치문’ does not clearly reflect the function of 把-construction and ‘ ‘被’구문’ is a subconcept of the passive construction, so they are not all appropriate terms. Fourth, the structures of 16 grammar books can be divided into two types. type A is based on the grammar system of Chinese, and type B is based on the expression of grammar items. The books of type A cover almost all basic grammar items, whereas the books of type B cover only a part of the basic grammar items. Therefore, the books of type A have the advantage that learners can systematically learn the entire grammatical structure of Chinese, and the books of type B have a practical advantage that the amount of learning is less burdensome and the contents of learning can be applied immediately depending on the subjects. Fifth, the books of type A and B also differ in the table of contents arrangement. type A mostly follows the order from words to sentences, which can lead to more systematic learning as they begin with the most basic grammar units. type B follows the opposite order or has a structure in which the two are mixed. The order that starts with sentences has the advantage of helping learners speak a variety of basic sentences just from the beginning of learning.
Skin whitening and anti-wrinkle activities of white rose petal extracts
JIEUN CHOI,EUN SUK AN,YOUNG-HWAN BAN,YESEUL CHA,HAIYU GUO,JI YOUNG LEE,NU RY HAN,EUN SANG CHO,EUN SU JEON,DA WOOM SEO,JUNG-MIN YON,HAE CHEON IM,JAE KWON CHOI,YOON BOK LEE,EHN-KYOUNG CHOI,YUN-BAE KIM 한국실험동물학회 2016 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.08
Anticancer Activity of Protocatechualdehyde in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Jieun Choi,Xiaojing Jiang,정진부,Seong-Ho Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.8
Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) is a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the root of the herb S. miltiorrhiza and barley tea plants. PCA possesses antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties in human colorectal cancer cells. However, the cellular mechanism has not been fully understood. b-catenin and cyclin D1 are proto-oncogene that is overexpressed in many types of cancers and leads to cancer development. The present study was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PCA stimulates cell growth arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. PCA repressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in dose-dependent manner. PCA suppressed the expression of b-catenin and cyclin D1 with no changes in mRNA levels. Inhibition of proteosomal degradation using MG-132 and Ada-(Ahx)3-(Leu)3-vinyl sulfone ameliorates PCA-induced downregulation of b-catenin and cyclin D1. PCA treatment decreased the half-life of b-catenin and cyclin D1. PCA-mediated b-catenin downregulation depends on GSK3b. We further provide the evidence that PCA increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-jB) and the blockage of NF-jB using Bay11-7082 inhibited PCAmediated b-catenin downregulation. The current study demonstrates that PCA suppress b-catenin expression through GSK3band NF-jB-mediated proteosomal degradation. In addition, PCA decreased cyclin D1 expression independent to b-catenin through proteosomal degradation.
Choi, Bongsik,Lee, Jiyong,Yoon, Jinsu,Jeon, Minsu,Lee, Yongwoo,Han, Jungmin,Lee, Jieun,Park, Jinhee,Kim, Yeamin,Kim, Dong Myong,Kim, Dae Hwan,Chung, Sungyong,Lim, Chan,Choi, Sung-Jin Institute of Physics 2018 Semiconductor science and technology Vol.33 No.10
<P>Charge spreading behavior within a few seconds, referred to as early retention, was comprehensively investigated in 24 word-line stacked tube-type 3D NAND flash memory. We thoroughly explored the charge spreading behavior from the perspectives of both electron and hole spreading in 3D NAND flash memory with different charge trap layer thicknesses at various programming and erasing levels for solid and checkerboard patterns to provide guidelines for minimizing and optimizing the charge spreading.</P>
Choi, Jieun,Kim, Man-Ho,Han, Jun Young,Chae, Ji Eon,Lee, Won Hee,Lee, Young Moo,Lee, So Young,Jang, Jong Hyun,Kim, Jin Young,Henkensmeier, Dirk,Yoo, Sung Jong,Sung, Yung-Eun,Kim, Hyoung-Juhn Elsevier 2018 Journal of membrane science Vol.568 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this report, we introduced spirobiindane group to poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PES) to build the structure of polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs). A novel PESs (QOH-SBIs), which have spirobiindane and tetra(quaternary ammonium) hydroxide pendant moieties, were synthesized for anion-conducting binder material in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of solid alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell (SAEMFC). The time-lag method was used to check the high gas permeability of the polymers. The high permeability is due to the micro-pores at the molecular level that is formed by the difference in chain thicknesses between two alternating units, thick spirobiindane group and thin arylene ether sulfone group. QOH-SBIs shows a semi-rigid chain conformation in a solution. The inter-chain spacing and chain conformation were measured with wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), respectively. High gas permeability directly affected the performance of SAEMFC. The MEA with spirobiindane-modified PES shows much higher maximum power density than that of spirobiindane-free PESs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Spiro moieties were introduced to PESs to design polymers of intrinsic microporosity. </LI> <LI> Difference in chain thickness create microporous channels for gas diffusion. </LI> <LI> Inter-chain spacing and chain conformation were calculated from with WAXD and SANS. </LI> <LI> Enhancing gas permeability of the electrode binder improved the cell performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Comparison of Differences in Rice Quality Characteristics According to Cultivation Regions
Jieun Kwak,Mi-Jung Kim,Yong-Jae Won,Hun-Pal Moon,Hung-Goo Hwang,Induck Choi,You-Geun Oh,Yu-Chan Choi,Seon-Min Oh,Jeong-Heui Lee,Jeom-Sig Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Korea’s agricultural technology has made remarkable progress since the Green Revolution in the 1970s. On the other hand, North Korea is still in short supply of food, and needs a stable food supply. Therefore, it is necessary to secure basic data for selecting North Korean-adaptable varieties in order to introduce South Korean varieties to North Korea when support for North Korea is needed in the future. In this study, 27 rice varieties applicable to North Korea were grown in Cheolwon (CW) and Ganghwa (GH) with similar climates to North Korea, and the quality factors of rice were compared. They showed that the rice grown in GH had higher protein and lower amylose contents than the rice grown in CW. Moreover, in the case of normal rice grown in CW, the ratio of head rice was 12% higher and the ratio of broken rice was 57% lower than that of rice grown in GH. The differences in rice composition and appearance quality of rice according to the cultivation region seems to be due to the fact that the length of day and temperature. The results of this study are expected to be useful in selecting and using rice varieties suitable for North Korea in the future.