오장환 시에 나타난 ‘병든 몸’의 의미와 윤리적 신체성

임지연(Yim, Ji?yeon) 한국비평문학회 2012 批評文學 Vol.- No.46

이 글은 오장환의 시세계에서 신체성이 핵심적인 내적 동력이며, 일관된 시적 방법이라는 차원에서 ‘병든 몸’의 의미와 그 변화과정을 살펴봄으로써 현실을 포괄하는 윤리적 주체구성의 시적 여정을 검토하고자 하였다. 해방기를 기점으로 하여 초기시와 후기시를 분화하여 검토했을 때 신체성의 변화과정을 첫째, 비판하는 병리적 신체에서 치유되는 윤리적 신체로, 둘째, 부정적 시선 주체에서 행동하는 생명 주체로 변환되어 가는 과정을 확인할 수 있었다. 오장환 시에서 신체성은 전기 후기를 통틀어 일관된 시적 기제로 작용하면서도, 해방기를 기점으로 그 성격이 변화되는 과정을 겪는다. 특히 오장환의 신체성 인식은 일관되게 자기를 ‘병든 몸’으로 구성하는 태도를 통해 나타나는데, 병리성의 차원에서 볼 때 초기시에서는 자신을 병든 육체로 인식 하면서 사회적 현실을 비판하고, 후기시에서는 병든 몸을 치료하는 과정에서 ‘나’를 ‘우리’로 인식하면서 병든 현실 역시 극복될 수 있다는 윤리적 신체로 나아간다. 또한 시선 주체의 차원에서 볼 때 초기시에서는 부정적 자기 인식을 통해 사회현실을 비만한 육체로 규정하면서 비판적 시선을 유지하고, 후기시에서는 행동하는 몸을 통해 소시민성을 극복하면서 병이 치유되고 생명을 발견하는 시선 주체로 변환된다. 오장환의 시에서 신체성의 문제는 이처럼 일관된 시적 방법론으로 작용하였음을 알 수 있다. 그의 시가 보여주는 변화지점과 방법적 다기성들이 우연적이고 파편적인 미적 행보가 아니라, 신체성을 일관되게 밀고나간 시적 방법이었고, 현실 대응이었으며, 윤리 주체 구성 방법이었음을 확인할 수 있다. This study intended to examine the poetic journey of ethical subject constitution including the reality by examining the meaning of the "sick body" and the changes in the meaning based on the idea that corporality was the essential inner force in the world of Jang Hwan Oh"s poems and consistent poetic method. The early poems and latter poems divided based on the liberation period were separately examined, and it confirmed the process of changes in cororality; first from the criticized pathological body to the healed ethical body and second, from the negative subject of sight to the active subject of life. In Oh"s poems, the perception of corporality consistently acts as the poetic mechanism throughout former and latter periods, and the process of changes in its characteristics appear around the liberation period. In particular, Oh regarded himself as the ‘sick body’ in Oh"s perception of corporality, and this has been consistent from early poems to poems written after defection to North Korea. The self?awareness about the body strongly intervenes in the subject constitution when the body becomes ill. Through this, Oh criticized the reality through the perception that himself as well as the world in reality are diseased and gained the perception of reality that the disease of the world can be overcome through the process of experiencing the curability of the sick body. In this point, the problem of corporality to Oh was an essential poetic turning point and acted as an important poetic methodology.

수술환자의 수술장 내 대기시간 단축방안

박말영,임은성,박지영,노지현,추은영,유재연 한국의료QA학회 2009 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.15 No.2

문제: 환자가 수술장내에서 수술을 기다리면서 느끼는 불안감을 최소화할수있도록해야하지만수술실의 효율성 및 의료진 편의성 위주로 운영되고 있어 수술실 내 대기시간이 연장되고 있다. 목적: 수술장내 대기시간을 단축시키기 위해 수술환자의 이동경로에 따른 지연요인과 문제점을파악하고 개선하여 환자가 수술을기다리면서 느끼는 불안감을 최소화하고자 한다. 의료기관: 부산시에 소재한 481병상의 종합병원 수술실 질 향상 활동: 수술환자의 대기시간 지연요인과 문제점을 파악하고 개선을 통해 질 향상을 도모하였다. 개선효과: 대기시간 수행율에서 수술장 도착까지의 수행율이 개선전 95%에서 개선후98%로, 수술방입실까지의 수행율이 개선전 88%에서 개선후 94%로, 마취시작 까지의 수행율이 개선전 93%에서 개선후 96%로 수행율이높아졌다.

Poster Session:PS 1124 ; Gastroenterology (Liver) : Evaluation of Various Staging Systems in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison Among Modifed Uicc, Bclc, Clip, Cupi, Jis and Tokyo Score Systems : A Single Center Cohort Study

( Ji Hye Je ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yang Jae Yoo ),( Sung Hee Kang ),( Hae Rim Kim ),( Sang Jun Suh ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Several staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been purposed but there is no worldwide consensus which staging system is best. We identifi ed the best staging system evaluating the predictive ability for outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2009, total of 875 patients with HCC who were diagnosed and treated at the Korea University Guro hospital were enrolled. They were followed up till April 2014. All patients were classifi ed by modifi ed UICC, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), Chinese University Prognostic Index (CUPI), Japan Integrated Staging (JIS), Tokyo score. The demographic data, clinical variables, tumor characters, residual liver function and initial treatment modalities were reviewed. The discriminatory ability of staging system was quantifi ed using C-index. And the homogeneity and monotonicity of staging system was assessed using likelihood ratio χ2 test correlated with a Cox`s regression model neutralized by Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: 654 (74. 7%) patients died and the median survival time was 25 months. The 5-years survival was 28. 1%. There were significant differences between all stage in modifi ed UICC, BCLC, CLIP, CUPI, JIS, Tokyo score. In the overall group of patients, CLIP stage had higher discrimination ability (C-index 0. 76) and the best monotonicity of gradient and homogeneity ability (LR χ2 test : 319. 541, P < 0. 008, AIC : 7789. 566). Also JIS system had higher discrimination ability (C-index 0. 75) and higher monotonicity of gradient and homogeneity ability (LR χ2 test : 320. 356, P<. 0001, AIC : 7792. 751). Conclusions: The CLIP and JIS stage systems showed the best prognostic stratifi cation in HCC patients of Korea.

Doubling Time of Serum Tumor Marker in HCC Patients Predicts Recurrence after Curative Treatment

( Ji Hye Je ),( Yang Jae Yoo ),( Young-sun Lee ),( Sang Jun Suh ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein-induced vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II) have been used as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the correlation of doubling time (DT) of tumor markers (AFP, PIVKA-II) after curative treatment with recurrence of HCC. Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2013, total of 451 patients were enrolled. After excluding the patient with loss to follow- up, tumor remnant and absence of repeated tumor marker, 213 patients who received curative treatment were analyzed (Liver transplantation, surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection). Serum AFP and PIVKA II levels before and after the curative treatment were collected and used for analysis. Tumor marker DT was calculated as DT=t log 2/(log (marker 2nd)-log (marker 1st)) where t was the time interval between from nadir level after treatment to level at recurrence or 2 years later after treatment. Results: Mean age was 56 years. HBV infection was the most common etiology of HCC (78.4%), and most of the patients were in BCLC stage 0 and A (77.9%). During the follow up, 127 of 213 patients (59.6%) were recurred. Median DT of AFP and PIVKA-II was 20months and 18.7months. In comparing the HCC patients with or without early recurrence, DT was significantly lower in the early recurrence group (AFP and PIVKA II: 10.4 vs 26.78 months; P<0.001 and 8.75 vs 24.67 months; P<0.001, respectively). In univariate analysis, BCLC stage, tumor size, PIVKA-II level at diagnosis, AFP DT and PIVKA-II DT were significantly related to recurrence rate. In multivariate analysis, AFP DT and PIVKA-II DT and BCLC stage at diagnosis were only independent predictor of recurrence after curative treatment on HCC. Conclusions: In HCC patients with curative treatment, the DT of AFP and PIVKA-II from nadir level after the treatment is useful tools to predict early recurrence.

1960년대 지식장에 나타난 `신체성` 개념과 시적 전유 - 정현종과 마종기 시의 `몸과 사물`의 문제를 중심으로

임지연 ( Yim Ji-yeon ) 국제어문학회 2015 국제어문 Vol.0 No.65

이 논문은 60년대 정현종과 마종기 시의 `몸`과 `사물`의 시적 방법이 개별 시인의 특성이나, 60년대적 모더니티의 한 양상이라는 관점을 넘어 당대 지식장 및 비평장의 교차지점에서 창출된 복합적 미의식으로 접근하고자 하였다. 특히 과학적 휴머니즘과 구조주의라는 세계적 이론이 `여행하는 이론`으로서 한국의 지식장 및 비평장, 시창작과정에 어떻게 개입하고 탈맥락화되는지를 고찰하고자 한 연구이다. 당대 `과학적 휴머니즘`은 정신/육체로 이분화된 근대적 인간을 극복할 수 있는 생물학적 신체성 개념을 제시하고, 생물학적 인간을 윤리적 존재로 파악하며, 인간을 현실적·경험적 존재로 인정하는 특징을 보여준다. 60년대 후반 구조주의는 변증법적 진보주의에 대한 반발과 의식과잉형의 근대적 인간을 비판하고, 사물과 인간의 평등한 세계와 독립한 사물의 자율적 구조를 제시하며, 푸코의 `인간의 죽음` 개념으로 특징화되었다. 60년대 비평장의 변동은 두 여행하는 이론에 의해 재배치되었으며, 재배치의 과정에 김주연의 비평이 개입되었다. 특히 김주연은 정현종과 마종기 시를 전거로 들어 `자기세계`라는 세대의식을 구성하면서 이들 시를 특권화하였다. 김주연은 이들 시를 `자그마한 의지의 인간`으로서의 평가하면서 60년대 다른 시들에서 포착되는 의식과잉이나 낙관적 현실인식을 오류로 파악하였다. 그럼에도 김주연의 세대론적 욕망은 정현종과 마종기 시를 60년대적 문학이념으로만 묶어냈다는 한계를 보인다. 정현종과 마종기의 시에 나타나는 사물간의 역동적 관계성, 사물과 인간의 평등함, 사소한 주체들의 자발적 겸손과 비권력적 의지, 죽음의 사물화를 통한 생명의 재발견과 같은 미덕은 배제되었다. 배제의 과정은 누락이라기보다 배제를 활용함으로써 선택의 의미를 특권화하는 효과를 낳았다. 그가 누락한 미학적 가치는 60년대의 자유주의적 개인의 의미화를 특권화하기 위한 것이었다. 그러나 주목할 것은 정현종과 마종기 시텍스트에서 풍부하게 읽어낼 수 있는 몸과 사물의 미학에 있다. 정현종의 시에 나타나는 몸을 갖는 사물들의 독립적이고 평등한 관계와 무경계적 침투, 확장된 생명에 대한 무심한 환호, 사물들의 살을 통한 윤리적 관계성과 시의 정치성, 윤리적이면서 육화된 사랑의 문제들. 마종기의 시텍스트에 나타나는 생명정치를 벗어나는 비권력적 의지, 사물화된 죽음을 통한 역설적 생명성, 생물학적 몸을 통한 일상화된 죽음의 미학들. 이는 지식장과 비평장이 누락한 긍정적 가치를 보충하거나 또는 초월하고 있다고 판단된다. 정현종과 마종기의 시적 전유는 여행하는 이론에 대한 수신자의 현실적 욕망을 재현하면서도 한계를 보충하거나 뚫고 나가며, 자기의 개성적 미학으로 창조되었다. This study approached the poetic methods of `Body` and `Object` in Hyeon-jong Jeong`s and Jong-gi Ma`s poems with the view that they are the compositive aesthetic consciousness created in the intersection of the intellectuals and critics of the time beyond the perspective that they are the aesthetic characteristics of individual poets or an aspect of the modernity of the 1960`s. Also, this study intended to examine how the global theory such as the scientific humanism and structuralism of the 1960`s intervene in Korean intellectual society and critical society as the `Travelling Theories` and decontextualized. The issue of `Body and Object` in Jeong`s and Ma`s poems is not their unique concept but was related with the `Scientific Humanism` and `Structuralism` that led the changes in the intellectual society in the 1960`s. The `Scientific Humanism` of the time introduced the concept of biological physicality to overcome modern man who is disdifferentiated into mind and body, understood biological man as an ethical being, and acknowledged man as realistic and experiential being. The structuralism in the late 1960`s criticized the resistance toward dialectical progressivism and hyperconscious modern man, introduced the world where objects and man are equal alongside the autonomous structure of independent objects, and was characterized by Foucault`s `Death of Man.` The change in the critical world in the 1960`s was relocated by the two travelling theories, the process of which generated the Hyeon Kim and Ju-yeon Kim style of criticism. Particularly, Ju-yeon Kim privileged Jeong`s and Ma`s poems by forming a generational consciousness called `Self-World` by referring to their poems. Ju-yeon Kim evaluated their poems as the `Man of Little Will` and understood the hyperconsciousness or optimistic awareness of reality sensed in other poems of the 1960`s as errors. In summary, the issue of body and object of Jeong and Ma is deemed to be under complicated circumstances of creation while having unique aesthetic characteristics of individuals and the modernistic characteristics of the 1960`s and taking a specific position at the cross point of intellectual society and critical society of the time. Nonetheless, Ju-yeon Kim`s generational desire has the limits for it only used the literary ideology of the 1960`s to bind Jeong`s and Ma`s poems. The virtues appearing in Jeong`s and Ma`s poems such as the dynamic relationship between objects, equality between object and man, autonomous modesty and non-authoritative will of trivial entities, and rediscovery of life through the objectification of death. The process of exclusion resulted in the privileging of the meaning of choice by using exclusion rather than in the omission. The aesthetic value that she omitted was to emboss the signification of liberalist individual in the 1960`s. What is significant, however, is the aesthetics of body and object abundantly sensed in the poetic text of Jeong`s and Ma`s poems; the independent and equal relationships between embodied objects in Jeong`s poems and their boundaryless infiltration, indifferent cheer toward extended lives, ethical relativity and political nature of poems through the skin of objects, and ethical and incarnated issues of love as well as non-authoritative will deviating from the bio-politics appearing in Ma`s poetic texts, paradoxial life through objectified death, and aesthetics of death generalized through biological body. They are deemed to supplement or transcend the positive values that intellectuals and critics have missed out. Jeong`s and Ma`s poetic appropriation supplements or breaks through the limit while rekindling the realistic desire of the receiver for traveling theories and was created by their own individual aesthetics.

Proteomic analysis reveals that the protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 are associated with the actin cytoskeleton in β-amyloid-treated neuronal cells

Hwang, Ji Yeon,Shim, Ji Seon,Song, Min-Young,Yim, Sung-Vin,Lee, Seung Eun,Park, Kang-Sik The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.3

Background: The ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is the most abundant compound in the root of Panax ginseng. Recent studies have shown that Rb1 has a neuroprotective effect. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are still unknown. Methods: We used stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture, combined with quantitative mass spectrometry, to explore a potential protective mechanism of Rb1 in ${\beta}$-amyloid-treated neuronal cells. Results: A total of 1,231 proteins were commonly identified from three replicate experiments. Among these, 40 proteins were significantly changed in response to Rb1 pretreatment in ${\beta}$-amyloid-treated neuronal cells. Analysis of the functional enrichments and protein interactions of altered proteins revealed that actin cytoskeleton proteins might be linked to the regulatory mechanisms of Rb1. The CAP1, CAPZB, TOMM40, and DSTN proteins showed potential as molecular target proteins for the functional contribution of Rb1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conclusion: Our proteomic data may provide new insights into the protective mechanisms of Rb1 in AD.

광용적맥파 및 머신러닝 기반 통증 평가 분류기 성능 비교

임지연(Ji Yeon Yim),신항식(Hangsik Shin) 대한전기학회 2019 전기학회논문지 Vol.68 No.12

This study examines the classification characteristics of various machine learning classifiers for pain assessment using photoplethysmogram. The presence of pain was assessed using waveform characteristics derived from photoplethysmogram obtained from 73 patients before and after surgery. Classification performance was evaluated using logistic regression, random forest, multilayer perceptron, and 1D convolutional neural network, and was validated with nested kfold cross validation. As a result, pain classification accuracy was highest in order of logistic regression, convolutional neural network, multilayer perceptron, and random forest classifier. In addition, logistic regression, random forest, multilayer perceptron, and convolutional neural network were shown to be robust to overfitting in order.

광용적맥파와 MLP을 사용한 수술 후 통증 평가 모델

임지연(Ji Yeon Yim),신항식(Hangsik Shin) 대한전기학회 2019 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.7

Infiltrative Type HCC Has Prognostic Impact in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison of Modified AJCC Staging System versus Latest AJCC Staging System

( Sun Young Yim ),( Chung Gyo Seo ),( Yoo Jin Lee ),( Jihwan Lim ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Young Sun Lee ),( Na Yeon Han ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Young Dong Yu ),( Dong Sik 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging manual introduced several significant changes to the staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the revised staging system still does not consider tumor gross morphology when staging, which is considered to be an important predictive factor of survival in HCC patients as previously reported. Firstly, we aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of 8th edition of AJCC staging system to 7th edition. Secondly we evaluated the impact of infiltrative type HCC and propose new staging system to improve the diagnostic efficacy of current staging system. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed database of 992 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC between year 2004 and 2016 from three institutes. The infiltrative type HCC was defined as a mass with foci varying in size which fuse to form a larger foci without a distinct margin or a mass with a permeative appearance which blends into the background of the cirrhotic liver with an indistinct margin. Overall survival analysis (OS) were performed using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. The Harrell concordance index (c index) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were calculated to compare prognostic powers. Results: A total of 774 patients who had undergone hepatic resection were available for the analysis. The cohort was comprised of T1 (55.6%), T2 (32.8%), T3a (5%), T3b (4.7%) and T4 (1.9%) stages according to AJCC 7^th staging system while T1a (21.4%), T1b (37%), T2 (30%), T3 (5%) T4 (6.6%) stages according to AJCC 8^th staging system (Fig. 1). The OS did not differ between the advanced stages (T3a vs T3b; T3b vs T4 in AJCC 7^th edition similarly between T2 vs T3; T3 vs T4 in 8^th edition). Among all patients, 56 patients had infiltrative type HCC and OS analysis was performed after reclassifying the infiltrative type HCC separately. The OS of the patients with infiltrative type HCC was similar to OS of T4. After excluding infiltrative type HCC, sub-analysis was performed according to tumor sizes (≤2cm, >2-4cm, >4cm) for single and multiple tumors respectively as survival rate did not differ between the stages as shown above. Since the OS rate differed significantly among tumors with different sizes, we modified the T-stages as shown in Table 1. The modified AJCC T-staging system efficiently stratified patients according to survival as shown in Fig.1. Furthermore, modified staging system showed highest diagnostic performance followed by AJCC 8^th edition and AJCC 7^th edition (AIC 3074.4 vs 3087.8 vs 3103.4 and C-index 0.701 vs 0.67 vs 0.65, all P<0.01). Conclusions: The AJCC 8^th T-staging system showed improved prognostic efficacy compared to 7^th edition. However, modified AJCC staging system presented finer stratification of patients compared to previous staging systems by reclassifying sizes within single or multiple tumors and reassigning infiltrative type HCC to T4. The AJCC staging system requires surgical specimen for analysis and this study includes a large number of patients who undergone hepatectomy which is believed to have clinical impact with further validation in other cohorts.

학령전기 단순언어장애 및 일반아동의 문법성 메타언어인식과 집행기능 수행능력 비교분석

임동선(Dong Sun Yim),양윤희(Yoon Hee Yang),조연주(Yeon Joo Jo),이지연(Ji Yeon Lee),성지민(Ji Min Seong) 한국언어치료학회 2015 言語治療硏究 Vol.24 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify whether children with and without SLI show differences in performance on each subtype of executive functioning and grammatical judgment task, whether these factors correlate with each other, and whether these subtypes of executive functioning predict children's meta-linguistic awareness skills measured by a grammaticality judgment task. Methods: Forty children (SLI 16, NL 24) between the ages of 5 and 6 participated in this study. The experimental tasks were working memory (CLPT: Competing Language Processing Task/ Matrix backward), SST (Stop Signal Task), DCCS (Dimensional Change Card Sort), and GJT (Grammatical Judgment Task). For data analysis, repeated measure of ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were used. Results: There were significant differences on all tasks except non-linguistic working memory (Matrix backward) between the two groups.The strongest predictor of GJT (Grammatical condition) was linguistic WM (CLPT), and it was the SST (GO) task which significantly predicted GJT (Un-grammatical condition) in the NL group. However, in the SLI group, there was no variable which correlated with GJT. Conclusions: The results indicated that non-linguistic WM capacity was comparable between groups, and linguistic WM (CLPT), SST (GO) were important factors in the preschool-age NL group in which this trend was not found in the SLI group. It is necessary to plan to completely link each executive function such as working memory, inhibitory control, and shifting in clinical sessions to improve the language skills of children with language impairment.