Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies

Lee,Jee-won 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.1

Lee, Jee-won. 2012. Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(1). pp. 213-234. This study uses discourse analysis to illustrate some ways that non-verbal actions such as gaze, facial expression, and gesture work to contextualize the speech delivered in conversation. These bodily cues also enable participants to organize interactions as collaborative creations of meaning rather than simply a turn-by-turn exchange of speech. This study uses two excerpts from Mandarin Chinese conversations to illustrate how non-verbal cues help speakers and recipients to engage in collaborative action with one another. Speakers give recipients information about their stances vis-à-vis the speech they produce, and recipients use this information to manage their reactions to the speech they hear. Non-verbal actions also allow both parties to mutually regulate the flow of conversation. In both examples, it becomes clear that gaze, facial expression, and gesture are important elements of spoken interaction and that conversation as a whole should be understood as a contextual web of meaning that includes speech, body language, and overall social interaction.

기관지 방선균증의 임상 1례

이은영,장태원,정만홍,옥철호,이규원,손창배,이지숙,신은경,서정아,백종현,김영옥 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection, whitch infiltrates mucosa-associated tissues. Thoracic, pelvic and cervicofacial infections of actinomyces are not uncommon, but endobronchial actinomycosis is rarely reported. We report a case of a 29 year old man who presented with a recurrent pneumonia and chronic cough. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed occlusion of the right. lower medio-basal segment bronchus with exophytic endobronchial mass. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically by demonstration of sulfur granules in the bronchoscopic biopsy of the mass. Intravenous administration of amoxacillin and clindamycin followed by oral amoxacillin and clindamycin therapy resulted in complete recovery.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

공작기계 열변위 보정에 관한 연구

이인재,최영휴,정원지 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産技硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

본 논문은 공작기계 정도 저하의 주요 원인인 열변위를 간접 보정으로 보정하여 정도향상을 꾀하는 방법의 제시를 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법 으로서는 NC연삭기를 대상으로 하여 온도와 열변위를 측정한 다음 온도와 열변위 관계식을 회귀분석법을 사용하여 구하고 이를 CNC장치의 마크로 프로그램에 입력하여 보정시와 비보정시의 정도향상을 검증하는 가공실험을 실시하였다. 3차에 걸친 실가공 실험에서 기계 가동 4시간 이후를 기준으로 비보정시의 최대 28㎛의 가공오차가 12㎛으로 줄어드는 것과 표준편차량이 1/4로 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 가공초기에는 제안된 방법으로도 보정이 불안정하다는 것도 알았다.

별불가사리(Asterina pectinifera)의 난자형성 과정 중 난모세포 표면의 미세구조적 변화 : Mu¨ller and Troschel

이양림,한지원 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1994 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

별불가사리 난자형성 중 난모세포(직경 7-170㎛) 표면의 구조적 변화를 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 직경 25-155㎛의 난모세포에서 'endocytosis'와 관련된 구조인 coated pit, coated vesicle과 내포소낭이 존재하였으며, 내포소낭은 난황립과 융합하였다. 특히, 이러한 융합은 직경 130-155㎛의 난모세포에서 많이 관찰되었다. 난자형성 초기에 난모세포의 미세융모는 세포막을 따라 무질서하게 분포하고, 인접한 세포와 맞닿아 있었다. 직경 15㎛에서 65㎛에 이르는 난모세포는 세포막 부위에 따라서 미세융모의 굵기와 길이, 그리고 형태가 다르게 나타났고, 직경 100㎛ 이상의 난모세포에서는 잘 발달된 미세융모가 난황층에 존재하였다. 여포세포로부터 나온 돌기는 직경 7㎛의 난모세포와 난자형성 후기의 난모세포에서 난황층을 뚫고 세포막과 닿아 'junctional complex'를 형성하였다. 이와같은 난모세포 표면의 다양한 구조적 변화는 난모세포의 세포막을 통한 물질투과 기능의 분화와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. Ultrastructural changes at the surfaces of oocytes (7-170 ㎛ in diameter) during oogenesis of Asterina pectinifera were studied with a transmission electron microscope. Coated pits, coated vesicles and endocytic vesicles were confirmed in oocytes ranging from 25 ㎛ to 155 ㎛, suggesting that endocytosis may be involved in oogenesis of A. pectinifera. Endocytic vesicles are fused with forming yolk granules and the fusion is the most active at the stage later than 130 ㎛ diameter. Microvilli are randomly distributed at the surface of oocyte in the early stage and make contact with the microvilli of the other cells. In oocytes ranging from 15 ㎛ to 65 ㎛, microvilli are varied in thickness, length and configuration, whereas microvilli are well developed between vitelline coats in oocyte greater than 100 ㎛. Follicle cell processes were observed to reach the membrane of oocyte through the vitelline coat and to form a junctional complex at the 7 ㎛ stage and the late stages of oogenesis. From observations it is evident that there are a few structurally-varied types in transporting yolk precursors, suggesting that structural differences may reflect functional differentiation during oogenesis.

구강외과 수술용 스텐트 기반 영상유도 수술 시스템의 개발

이우진,김대승,이원진,이삼선,최순철,허민석,허경회,김명진,이지호 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a stent-based image guided surgery system and to apply it to oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. Materials and Methods : We devised a patient-specific stent for patient-to-image registration and navigation. Threedimensional positions of the reference probe and the tool probe were tracked by an optical camera system and the relative position of the handpiece drill tip to the reference probe was monitored continuously on the monitor of a PC. Using 8 landmarks for measuring accuracy, the spatial discrepancy between CT image coordinate and physical coordinate was calculated for testing the normality. Results : The accuracy over 8 anatomical landmarks showed an overall mean of 0.56±0.16 mm. The developed system was applied to a surgery for a vertical alveolar bone augmentation in right mandibular posterior area and possible interior alveolar nerve injury case of an impacted third molar. The developed system provided continuous monitoring of invisible anatomical structures during operation and 3D information for operation sites. The clinical challenge showed sufficient accuracy and availability of anatomically complex operation sites. Conclusion : The developed system showed sufficient accuracy and availability in oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2009; 39 : 149-56)

공작기계 열변위 보정에 관한 연구

이인재,최영휴,정원지 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.4

This paper presents an indirect compensation of thermal errors during machining, in which thermal error is modelled as a linear regression of temperatures measured at 4 specified positions. In this regression model, weighting coefficients of the measured temperatures were estimated by using the least square method. The grinding test with compensation, after 4-hour warming-up operation before the test, showed that the maximum machining error of the work pieces was reduced to 12㎛ while it measured by 28㎛ without compensation. Furthermore the standard deviation of machining errors was also reduced from 8㎛ to 2㎛.

C_57BL/6계 생쥐와 Nude계 생쥐의 오금림프절내 림프소절 및 종자중심의 분포에 관한 3차원적 연구

지연근,이원규,안희경 慶熙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

This study was aimed to clarify the distribution of lymph follicles and germinal centers in the lymph nodes of the C_57BL/6 and nude strain mice. Male adult mice were used in this study. After animal were sacrificed, the right popliteal lymph nodes were removed and fixed in Zenker-formol solution for 3 hours and embedded in JB-4 resin. One of every two section, cut 3㎛ in thickness serially, was stained with May-Gru‥nwald and Giemsa solution. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. The number of lymph follicles per popliteal lymph node was average 11.25 C_57BL/6 mice but, the number of lymph follicles in nude mice was 20.25. In C_57BL/6 mice major distribution(8.5) of the lymph follicles situated in peripheral cortex overlying the unit(PCOU). In unde mice major distribution(14) is peripheral cortex beyond the unit(PCBU). 2. The thickness of most lymph follicles was between 0.01-0.19 mm in C_57BL/6 mice. But in nude mice the thickness of most of lymph follicles was between 0.20-0.39mm 3. The number of lymph follicies contained germinal center was 8.75 in nude mice. But C_57BL/ 6 mice was not observed germinal centers. 4. The average number of deep cortex is 1.5 and shape is semiovoid in C_57BL/6 mice. Spherical shaped deep cortex was observed and the number of that is one in nude mice. In stained section low density deep cortex was observed in nude mice specifically. 5. The size of lymph follicle in C_57BL/6 mice is 0.405mm and in nude mice 0.795mm

難治結核患者의 喀痰과 肺切除組織에 對한 細菌學的 硏究

이지원,이영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1984 충남의대잡지 Vol.11 No.1

The prevalence and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis are still very high as indicated in the 1980 prevalence survey. The spread of drug resistant bacteria is main contemporary health problem in Korea. It is associated with a high rate of treatment failure due to improper use or ineffective chemotherapy and a wide use of corresponding drugs. The author attempted bacteriological studies on the 138 sputums and 48 resected lung tissues from intractable tuberculosis patients who have been hospitalized in Kongju National Hospital (located at Kongju, Chungnam). The results were summarized as follows: 1. Out of 186 tuberculosis patients, Male patients(59.1%) were slightly more than female (40.9 %) and age group of 20-49 years was 82.3% of the total. 2. The number of patients who have been suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis more t han 6 years was 108(58. 1%). 3. Out of 48 operated patients, 27(56.3%) had received pneumonectomy, 16(33. 3%) had received lobectomy, and 5(10.4%) had received decortication. 4. Out of 138 sputum specimens from unoperated patients, 122(88.4%) were positive by culture, and by microscopy 103(74.6%) on direct smear, and 116(84. 1%) on centrifugate smear. 5. Out of 48 operated patients, those negative patients on direct smear of sputums before operation but positive on centrifugate smear of resected lung tissues were 14(29. 2%) and positive patients on centrifugate smears of resected lung tissues but negative by culture ware 11(22.9%). 6. All of the isolated 140 strains were identified as M. tuberculosis and no atypical mycobacterium was isolated. 7. Out of 48 resected. lung tissue specimens, aspergillus species were isolated from 2(4.2%) and Candida albicans was isolated from 1(2. 1%). 8 Out of 137 isolated M. tuberculosis, 99.3% was resistant to one or more drugs and resistance to INH, PAS, SM, EMB and RMP were 93. 1%, 40. 1%, 59. 1%, 56.9% and 71.5%, respectively.