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Occurrence of near-seafloor gas hydrates and associated cold vents in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea
Jang-Jun Bahk,김지훈,Gee-Soo Kong,박요섭,이흔,박영준,Keun Pil Park 한국지질과학협의회 2009 Geosciences Journal Vol.13 No.4
During the site survey for drill sites of the Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 1, near-seafloor gas hydrates were discovered in core sediments from basin plain (2010–2130 m water depth) and southern slope (820–1160 m). The gas hydrates were exclusively retrieved from the sites of high backscatter intensity anomalies of 13 kHz multi-beam echosounding, implying high seafloor reflectivity. In high-resolution (2–7 kHz) subbottom profiles, the coring sites are also characterized by narrow (250–850 m wide) acoustic blank zones reaching seafloor, where they have surface expressions of low-relief (<about 5 m high) mounds and/or pockmarks. In the record of a 38 kHz split-beam echosounder, which was deployed for acoustic characterization of gas bubbles in the water column, there are no apparent gas flares associated with the blank zones. The recovered gas hydrates take the forms of massive layer, blocky nodule, or platy vein in mud at 0.5 to 8 m below the core tops. They were sometimes associated with abundant scattered authigenic carbonate nodules. Compositional and structural analyses of selected gas hydrate samples revealed that they consist of structure I hydrates containing more than 99% biogenic methane. Gas and porewater compositions of the core sediments also imply relatively high upward flux of biogenic methane. The results of the site survey cruise collectively suggest that the near-seafloor gas hydrates are related to cold vents where abundant gas hydrates and authigenic carbonates comprises acoustically high seafloor reflectivity. Gas seeping activity in the cold vents appears to be currently dormant.
Jang, Ho-Hee,Kim, Sun-Young,Park, Soo-Kwon,Jeon, Hye-Sook,Lee, Young-Mee,Jung, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Sun-Yong,Chae, Ho-Byoung,Jung, Young-Jun,Lee, Kyun-Oh,Lim, Chae-Oh,Chung, Woo-Sik,Bahk, Jeong-Dong,Yun, Dae- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.
The H_(2)O_(2)-catabolizing peroxidase activity of human peroxiredoxin I (hPrxI) was previously shown to be regulated by phosphorylation of Thr^(90). Here, we show that hPrxI forms multiple oligomers with distinct secondary structures. HPrxI is a dual function protein, since it can behave either as a peroxidase or as a molecular chaperone. The effects of phosphorylation of hPrxI on its protein structure and dual functions were determined using site-directed mutagenesis, in which the phosphorylation site was substituted with aspartate to mimic the phosphorylated status of the protein (T90D-hPrxI). Phosphorylation of the protein induces significant changes in its protein structure from low molecular weight (MW) protein species to high MW protein complexes as well as its dual functions. In contrast to the wild type (WT)- and T90A-hPrxI, the T90D-hPrxI exhibited a markedly reduced peroxidase activity, but showed about sixfold higher chaperone activity than WT-hPrxI. ⓒ2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
전태연,배치운,김영호,장계호,이정태,박원명,김광수 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6
연구목적 : 주요 우울증은 역학적 유전연구 등을 통하여 유전적 영향이 높은 것으로 알려져 있으며 최근에는 분자 유전학적 연구로 유전자 다형성과 질병의 연관성을 밝히는 것이 정신질환의 유전학적 연구에서 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중추신경계와 면역계간의 상호작용에 관여하는 싸이토카인 중 TNF-β 유전자의 다형성을 분석하여 주요 우울증과의 유전학적 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-IV에 의하여 주요 우울증으로 진단된95명을 환자군으로 선정하였고 가톨릭조혈모세포정보은행에서 보유하고 있는 정상 한국인 202명의 자료를 정상 대조군으로 사용하였다. 전혈에서 DNA를 추출하고 TNF-β 유전자 부위를 증폭한 후 제한효소 Nco Ⅰ으로 절단하여 555bp와 185bp의 절편을 갖는 TNFB*1과 Nco Ⅰ절단부가 없는 740bp의 절편 TNFB*2등 2가지 대립유전자의 제한효소절편길이 다형성을 조사하였다. 모든 자료의 분석은 x²검증을 이용하였다. 결 과 : 1) 주요 우울증과 정상 대조군 간에 TNFB유전자인 TNFB*1/1, TNFB*1/2 및 TNFB*2/2의 발현 빈도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 두 군 간에 TNFB*1 과 TNFB*2 두 대립유전자의 빈도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 주요 울울증군과 정상 대조군 간에 TNFB*1과 TNFB*2의 두 대립유전자 발현 빈도에 유의한 차이를 발견하지 못하였다. 따라서 TNFB 유전자다형성과 주요 우울증과의 유전학적인 연관성이 없었다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 임상변인을 포함하여 보다 통합적이고 체계적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되었다. Objective : Major depressive disorder is known to have high genetic predisposition and the main focus of recent genetic studies in major depressive disorder has been concentrated on association studies between genetic polymorphism and disease, since molecular genetic methods have been developed. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between major depressive disorder and immunogenetic influences by analyzing polymorphism of TNFB gene, which is involved in interaction of immune system and CNS. Method : 95 persons who had been diagnosed of major depressive disorder were assigned as patient group and, 202 data obtained from Catholic hemopoietic stem cell bank, College of medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, were used as normal controls in this study. DNA was extracted from whole blood, thereafter amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and digested by Nco Ⅰ.After that procedure, we obtained and assessd restriction fragment length polymorphism of two alleles, TNFV*1 which has 555bp and 185bp fragments and carries the Nco Ⅰ restriction site, and TNFB*2 of 740 bp fragment lacks the Nco Ⅰ restriction site. All data were analyzed by x²test with two-tailed Fisher's exact test. Results : 1) The frequencies of TNFB*1/1, TNFB*1/2, and TNFB*2/2 were not statistically different between major depressive disorder patients and control group. 2) The frequencies of TNFB*2 and TNFB*1 were not statistically different between major depressive disorder patient group and normal control group. Conclusion : We did not verified the differences of frequency in TNFB*1/TNFB*2 gene between the major depressive disorder and normal controls, respectively. Consequently, there is no genetic relationship between major depressive disorder and gene polymorphism of TNFB. We do suggest that further systematic studies including various clinical variables should be conducted.
Jang, Ho Hee,Kim, Sun Young,Park, Soo Kwon,Jeon, Hye Sook,Lee, Young Mee,Jung, Ji Hyun,Lee, Sun Yong,Chae, Ho Byoung,Jung, Young Jun,Lee, Kyun Oh,Lim, Chae Oh,Chung, Woo Sik,Bahk, Jeong Dong,Yun, Dae- Elsevier 2006 FEBS letters Vol.580 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-catabolizing peroxidase activity of human peroxiredoxin I (hPrxI) was previously shown to be regulated by phosphorylation of Thr<SUP>90</SUP>. Here, we show that hPrxI forms multiple oligomers with distinct secondary structures. HPrxI is a dual function protein, since it can behave either as a peroxidase or as a molecular chaperone. The effects of phosphorylation of hPrxI on its protein structure and dual functions were determined using site-directed mutagenesis, in which the phosphorylation site was substituted with aspartate to mimic the phosphorylated status of the protein (T90D-hPrxI). Phosphorylation of the protein induces significant changes in its protein structure from low molecular weight (MW) protein species to high MW protein complexes as well as its dual functions. In contrast to the wild type (WT)- and T90A-hPrxI, the T90D-hPrxI exhibited a markedly reduced peroxidase activity, but showed about sixfold higher chaperone activity than WT-hPrxI.</P>
Methane Hydrates in NatureCurrent Knowledge and Challenges
Collett, Tim,Bahk, Jang-Jun,Baker, Rick,Boswell, Ray,Divins, David,Frye, Matt,Goldberg, Dave,Husebø, Jarle,Koh, Carolyn,Malone, Mitch,Morell, Margo,Myers, Greg,Shipp, Craig,Torres, Marta American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of chemical and engineering data Vol.60 No.2
<P>Recognizing the importance of methane hydrate research and the need for a coordinated effort, the United States Congress enacted the Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000. At the same time, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan launched a research program to develop plans for a methane hydrate exploratory drilling project in the Nankai Trough. India, China, the Republic of Korea, and other nations also have established large methane hydrate research and development programs. Government-funded scientific research drilling expeditions and production test studies have provided a wealth of information on the occurrence of methane hydrates in nature. Numerous studies have shown that the amount of gas stored as methane hydrates in the world may exceed the volume of known organic carbon sources. However, methane hydrates represent both a scientific and technical challenge, and much remains to be learned about their characteristics and occurrence in nature. Methane hydrate research in recent years has mostly focused on: (1) documenting the geologic parameters that control the occurrence and stability of methane hydrates in nature, (2) assessing the volume of natural gas stored within various methane hydrate accumulations, (3) analyzing the production response and characteristics of methane hydrates, (4) identifying and predicting natural and induced environmental and climate impacts of natural methane hydrates, (5) analyzing the methane hydrate role as a geohazard, (6) establishing the means to detect and characterize methane hydrate accumulations using geologic and geophysical data, and (7) establishing the thermodynamic phase equilibrium properties of methane hydrates as a function of temperature, pressure, and gas composition. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership (COL) combined their efforts in 2012 to assess the contributions that scientific drilling has made and could continue to make to advance our understanding of methane hydrates in nature. COL assembled a Methane Hydrate Project Science Team with members from academia, industry, and government. This Science Team worked with COL and DOE to develop and host the Methane Hydrate Community Workshop, which surveyed a substantial cross section of the methane hydrate research community for input on the most important research developments in our understanding of methane hydrates in nature and their potential role as an energy resource, a geohazard, and/or as an agent of global climate change. Our understanding of how methane hydrates occur in nature is still growing and evolving, and it is known with certainty that field, laboratory, and modeling studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of hydrates in nature and will continue to be a critical source of the information needed to advance our understanding of methane hydrates.</P>