Expatriate CEOs and Local CSR Strategy: Evidence from Foreign Subsidiaries of MNCs in Korea

Jaekyung Ko,Chulhyung Park 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.1

Purpose – This study empirically investigates the relationship between expatriate CEOs of multinational corporation (MNC) foreign subsidiaries and local philanthropy. Since corporate social responsibility (CSR) enables MNCs to achieve local legitimacy, this research argues that local philanthropy is a valuable strategic means for expatriate CEOs of foreign subsidiaries to secure local legitimacy. Design/methodology – To investigate our argument, we use a sample of 5,459 observations from 576 foreign subsidiaries of MNCs in Korea between 2002 and 2016. We conduct a random-effects panel Tobit regression with subsidiary CEO having foreign nationality as the independent variable and local philanthropy as the dependent variable. Findings – Our main findings are that expatriate CEOs of foreign subsidiaries are more actively engaged in local philanthropy. In addition, the positive relationship between expatriate CEOs and local philanthropy is weaker as their tenure increases. Originality/value – How expatriate CEOs overcome their weak local legitimacy as foreigners in a host country has remained unclear because existing studies mainly focused on the control and coordination aspects of staffing expatriates in CEO positions of foreign subsidiaries. This study broadens the literature on subsidiary CEO staffing and CSR activities of MNCs by identifying complementary relationships between expatriate CEOs and corporate philanthropy in the host country.

인공지능 기반 건물화재 예측모델 연구

고경석(Kyeongseok Ko),양재경(Jaekyung Yang),황동현(Donghyun Hwang),고효석(Hyoseok Ko),가칠오(Chillo Ga),조주필(Juphil Cho) 한국통신학회 2020 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.45 No.7

Industrial Safety Risk Analysis Using Spatial Analytics and Data Mining

Kyeongseok Ko(고경석),Jaekyung Yang(양재경) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2017 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.40 No.4

The mortality rate in industrial accidents in South Korea was 11 per 100,000 workers in 2015. It’s five times higher than the OECD average. Economic losses due to industrial accidents continue to grow, reaching 19 trillion won much more than natural disaster losses equivalent to 1.1 trillion won. It requires fundamental changes according to industrial safety management. In this study, We classified the risk of accidents in industrial complex of Ulju-gun using spatial analytics and data mining. We collected 119 data on accident data, factory characteristics data, company information such as sales amount, capital stock, building information, weather information, official land price, etc. Through the pre-processing and data convergence process, the analysis dataset was constructed. Then we conducted geographically weighted regression with spatial factors affecting fire incidents and calculated the risk of fire accidents with analytical model for combining Boosting and CART (Classification and Regression Tree). We drew the main factors that affect the fire accident. The drawn main factors are deterioration of buildings, capital stock, employee number, officially assessed land price and height of building. Finally the predicted accident rates were divided into four class (risk category-alert, hazard, caution, and attention) with Jenks Natural Breaks Classification. It is divided by seeking to minimize each class’s average deviation from the class mean, while maximizing each class’s deviation from the means of the other groups. As the analysis results were also visualized on maps, the danger zone can be intuitively checked. It is judged to be available in different policy decisions for different types, such as those used by different types of risk ratings.

넷플릭스의 경쟁 전략: 네트워크 효과, 콘텐츠 재판매, 오리지널 콘텐츠의 전략적 조합

민병준(Byungjun Min),고제경(Jaekyung Ko),송재용(Jaeyong Song) 한국전략경영학회 2020 전략경영연구 Vol.23 No.2

넷플릭스는 미디어 산업의 일대 혁신을 가져온 전 세계 1위의 디지털 OTT (Over-the-Top) 서비스 기업이다. 넷플릭스는 영화, 드라마, 다큐멘터리 등의 고품질 영상 콘텐츠를 디지털 기반의 인터페이스를 통해 전 세계 약 2억 명의 월정액 구독자에게 제공하고 있다. 넷플릭스는 OTT 서비스 사업 초기에 내부 빅데이터 분석 역량을 토대로 구독자 전체 규모가 증가할수록 정밀도가 높아지는 디지털 콘텐츠 큐레이션 서비스를 제공함으로써 직접 네트워크 효과를 창출하고 외부 콘텐츠 제작자로부터 양질의 콘텐츠를 대량으로 공급받아 구독자에게 재판매함으로써 조기에 OTT 서비스를 시장에 안착시킬 수 있었다. 넷플릭스는 외부 콘텐츠 제작자의 과도한 저작권료 인상 요구에 직면하면서 사업 운영의 근본적 위기에 처하게 되었으나 전략적으로 후방 통합을 실시하여 OTT 서비스 사업자겸 콘텐츠 제작자로 비즈니스 모델을 전환하였다. 넷플릭스는 내부 빅데이터 분석 결과를 토대로 구독자 맞춤형 오리지널 콘텐츠를 제작, 독점 배급함으로써 상업적으로 큰 성공을 거두었으며 오리지널 콘텐츠를 해외 시장에 빠르게 이전함으로써 기하급수적 속도의 글로벌화에도 성공하였다. 하지만 이와 같은 후방 통합 전략은 외부 콘텐츠 제작자의 전방 통합을 촉진하는 등 기업 성과에 ‘양날의 검’으로 작용하였으며 넷플릭스는 경쟁 우위 유지를 위해 장기적 관점에서 양면 시장 플랫폼 도입과 같은 전략적 대안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 디지털 전환의 시대에 넷플릭스 성공 사례는 디지털 서비스 기업의 경쟁 전략 수립과 실행에 대해 통합적 시사점을 제공한다. Netflix is the world"s No. 1 digital over-the-top (OTT) service provider that revolutionized the media industry. Netflix provides high-quality video contents such as movies, dramas, and documentaries to about 200 million monthly subscribers worldwide through a digital-based interface. From the beginning of the OTT service business, Netflix created a direct network effect by providing a digital content curation service that increases in precision as the total number of subscribers increases based on internal big data analysis capabilities. In addition, Netflix was able to settle the OTT service in the market early by licensing a large amount of high-quality contents from external content producers and reselling it to subscribers. Netflix subsequently faced a fundamental crisis in business operations while facing excessive demand for royalty increases by external content producers, but strategically implemented backward integration to transform the business model into an OTT service provider and content producer. Based on the results of internal big data analysis, Netflix succeeded in commercial success by producing and exclusively distributing original contents customized for Netflix’s subscribers, and also succeeded in globalizing at the exponential speed by rapidly transferring original contents to overseas markets. However, Netflix"s backward integration strategy poses a risk of "double-edged sword" effect to corporate performance, such as promoting forward integration of external content creators, so it is necessary to consider strategic alternatives such as implementing a platform business model based on two-sided markets from a long-term perspective. The Netflix case provides integrated implications for establishing and implementing a competitive strategy for digital service companies in this age of digital transformation.

재벌협력사의 이익조정에 관한 연구

고광진 ( Kwang-jin Ko ),이재경 ( Jaekyung Yi ) 한국회계학회 2017 회계저널 Vol.26 No.6

최근 대기업으로의 과도한 경제력 집중은 사회적 불평등을 야기하는 요인으로 지적된다. 이러한 경제력 집중의 부정적 단면 중 하나가 우월적인 지위를 가진 대기업의 협력회사에 대한 지나친 납품단가 인하 요구이다. 본 연구는 대기업과 협력사 간의 대등하지 못한 관계 하에서 대기업의 납품단가 관리에 대처하기 위한 협력사의 이익하향조정 행위가 나타나는지를 검증한다. 또한, 협력사 중 대기업 계열사인 계열협력사에 있어서는 지원(propping)이나 다른 전략적 목적으로 인해 비계열협력사와 비교해서 단가인하압력이 존재하지 않거나 약할 것으로 예상된다. 이 경우 계열협력사와 비계열협력사 간 이익하향조정에 차이가 있는지도 검증한다. 실증분석을 위해 우리나라 5대 제조기업의 등록 1차 협력사 737개 회사를 대상으로 2008년부터 2012년까지의 5개년 동안 3,553개 기업연도와 동일산업의 규모가 유사한 비협력사 대응표본 6,731개 기업연도를 사용하였다. 재량적 발생액에 기초한 이익조정 측정치를 측정하여, 납품단가 인하를 회피하고자 하는 유인이 있는 협력사가 이익을 하향조정 하는지를 검증했다. 재량적 발생액에 기초한 이익조정의 측정치는 Dechow et al.(1995)의 수정 Jones 모형과 Kothari et al.(2005)이 제안한 총자산이익률 변수를 추가한 모형으로 측정했다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대기업의 협력사는 과도한 영업이익률에 따른 납품단가 하락을 회피하기 위해서 재량적 발생액을 사용하여 영업이익을 하향조정 한다. 대응표본과 비교해서 협력사는 영업이익률이 높은 구간에서 유의적으로 이익을 하향조정하는데 반하여, 영업이익률이 낮거나 음인 경우에는 이익조정행위에 차이를 보이지 않는다. 둘째, 대기업과 특수관계가 있는 계열협력사에 비해서 비계열협력사의 재량적 발생액이 유의적으로 낮아 납품단가 인하 압력이 비계열협력사에 집중되는 것으로 추론된다. In recent years, the polarization of wealth and the resulting economic inequality between big firms and their suppliers (vendors) has come into focus. It is a widespread practice in the subcontracting transactions between big buyers (mostly Chaebols) and their suppliers in Korea that the buyers continuously cut prices on the parts supplied from the vendors, abusing their dominant power in the contract. This study investigates whether the price-cutting pressure from the buyers based on the suppliers’ operating profit ratio provides a motivation to the vendors to manage their earnings downward. Among vendors, there are subsidiaries of buyers, and for these firms we expect less aggressive price-cutting by buyers compared to non-subsidiary vendors. Empirical analysis is performed using 3,553 firm-years of 737 suppliers of the top 5 big manufacturers in Korea and 6,731 firm-years of non-supplier control sample matched by size, industry and year. Earnings management is measured by discretionary accruals using both the modified Jones’ model and Kothari et al(2005)’s ROA adjusted modified Jones’ model. We find that the suppliers of Korean Chaebols manage their earnings to avoid price-cutting pressures from the buyers. Downward earnings management is more apparent when the operating margin is high and not significant when the operating margin is negative or low. However this downward earnings management is not significant in the subsidiary vendors, which means the Chaebols treat subsidiary vendors and non-subsidiary vendors differently when setting prices.

공간분석을 이용한 산업안전 취약지 분석

고경석(Kyeong-Seok Ko),양재경(Jaekyung Yang) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2017 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.춘계

Korea`s industrial death rate is 13 percent in 2015. It’s five times higher than the OECD average. Economic losses due to industrial accidents continue to grow, reaching 19 trillion won in natural disaster losses equivalent to 1.1 trillion won, requiring fundamental changes in industrial safety levels. In this study, We classified the risk of accidents in industrial complex of Ulju-gun using spacial analysis and decision tree methodologies. We draw the main factors that affect the accident and developed the four risk category(alert, hazard, caution, and attention). It is judged to be available in different policy decisions for different types, such as those used by different types of risk ratings, targeted education, and technical support.

소형 200W급 PEM 스택의 동작조건에 따른 최적성능 연구

김대욱(Daewook Kim),임재경(Jaekyung Iim),심순섭(Soonseop Sim),오재기(Jaegi Oh),고태국(Taeguk Ko) 한국신재생에너지학회 2012 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.06

Highly Sensitive and Selective Analytical Platform for Non-human Sialic acid

Unyong Kim,Myung Jin Oh,Nari Seo,Jaekyung Ko,Hyun Joo An 한국당과학회 2018 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.01

Glycosylation, which is susceptible to the biochemical environments, is one of the most important post translational modifications in eukaryotic proteins. Moreover, glycans are involved in many important biochemical events. Especially, sialic acids which are expressed as outer terminal units on all vetebrate are play fundamental roles in cell-to-cell and cell-to-microenvionment interactions. N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) and N-acetylglycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) are predominant sialic acids on most mammalian cells. Unlike other mammalian except chicken, human cannot biosynthesize the NeuGc due to irreversible mutation on gene CMAH encoding CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase that convert CMP-NeuAc to CMP-NeuGc. When the NeuGc is metabolically incorporated into human tissue from dietary sources (especially red meat), the anti-NeuGc antibodies which leads immune response will be produced and circulated through blood. The evidence showed that the such anti-NeuGc antibodies may cause systemic inflammation and finally can promote tumor progression. Therefore, quantitation of the non-human sialic acid NeuGc in food and therapeutic glycoproteins is of high importance. Here, we introduce analytical methods for rapid and highly sensitive identification and quantitation of NeuGc in food contents containing non-human glycan epitope using LC-MS/MS.

Robust Pitch on Silicon Nanolayer-Embedded Graphite for Suppressing Undesirable Volume Expansion

Choi, Seong-Hyeon,Nam, Gyutae,Chae, Sujong,Kim, Donghyuk,Kim, Namhyung,Kim, Won Sik,Ma, Jiyoung,Sung, Jaekyung,Han, Seung Min,Ko, Minseong,Lee, Hyun-Wook,Cho, Jaephil Wiley (John WileySons) 2019 ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS Vol.9 No.4

Tuning Molecular Interactions for Highly Reproducible and Efficient Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cells via Adduct Approach

Lee, Jin-Wook,Dai, Zhenghong,Lee, Changsoo,Lee, Hyuck Mo,Han, Tae-Hee,De Marco, Nicholas,Lin, Oliver,Choi, Christopher S.,Dunn, Bruce,Koh, Jaekyung,Di Carlo, Dino,Ko, Jeong Hoon,Maynard, Heather D.,Ya American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.140 No.20

<P>The Lewis acid-base adduct approach has been widely used to form uniform perovskite films, which has provided a methodological base for the development of high-performance perovskite solar cells. However, its incompatibility with formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites has impeded further enhancement of photovoltaic performance and stability. Here, we report an efficient and reproducible method to fabricate highly uniform FAPbI<SUB>3</SUB> films via the adduct approach. Replacement of the typical Lewis base dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with <I>N</I>-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) enabled the formation of a stable intermediate adduct phase, which can be converted into a uniform and pinhole-free FAPbI<SUB>3</SUB> film. Infrared and computational analyses revealed a stronger interaction between NMP with the FA cation than DMSO, which facilitates the formation of a stable FAI·PbI<SUB>2</SUB>·NMP adduct. On the basis of the molecular interactions with different Lewis bases, we proposed criteria for selecting the Lewis bases. Owed to the high film quality, perovskite solar cells with the highest PCE over 20% (stabilized PCE of 19.34%) and average PCE of 18.83 ± 0.73% were demonstrated.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>