교사의 단계적 발문이 학습자의 수학적 사고에 미치는 효과

변재현,김민경 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2004 교과교육학연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 초등학교 4학년 아동의 수학학습에 있어서 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 교수-학습 방법이 학습자의 수학적 사고 능력을 향상시키는지 알아보는데 그 목적을 두었다. 그리하여 초등학교 수학교육에서 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 교수-학습 과정안을 구성하고 적용하여 초등학교 4학년 아동의 수학적 사고 능력을 향상시키는지 분석해 봄으로써 본 학습 방안의 효과를 보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 설정된 연구 문제는 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 수학학습을 실시한 집단과 일반적인 수학학습을 실시한 비교집단간의 수학적 사고 능력(표현의 사고, 조작적 사고, 기본 성질의 사고, 발전적 사고, 단순화 사고)에 차이가 나타나는지 알아보고, 또 학업성취 상·하 집단별로 차이가 나타나는지 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 수학학습을 실시한 실험집단의 경우 수학적 사고 능력에서 평균점수가 비교집단보다 향상되었고 통계적으로도 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 표현의 사고, 조작적 사고, 기본 성질의 사고, 발전적 사고, 단순화 사고에서는 표현의 사고를 제외한 4가지 사고에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 학업성취 상·하 집단별 수학적 사고 능력은 상위집단에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 하위집단에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 교사의 단계적 발문은 수학적 사고 능력을 향상시키는 방법으로써 효과가 있었다. 이는 매 수업시간의 교사의 단계적 발문을 활용한 수업을 통해서 수학적 사고를 경험하게 되었으며 이러한 경험이 누적되면서 아동 스스로가 적극적인 수학적 사고 능력을 갖추게 되었다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to improve learners' mathematical thought ability through teaching-learning method used teachers' systematic questions in mathematics learning of 4th grade students in elementary school. Mathematics learning has been regarded as explanatory·cramming education and simple solving the problems which has more emphasis on the result than the process. As a result, in case of an experimental group used a teacher's systematic questions, the average marks were more improved than those of comparative group in mathematical thought ability and there was significant difference statistically. And there was significant difference in operative, developmental thought and the thought of basic characters and simplification except the thought of expression. Also in a low group, there was meaningful difference about mathematical thought ability in learning achievement but not in a high group. It is concluded that mathematics learning used a teacher's systematic questions was effective in the improvement of mathematical thought ability. That is, a teacher's questions in class can improve mathematical attitude, thought, and knowledge·function gradually. Therefore mathematical learning used a teacher's systematic questions was said to give positive influence in the improvement not only mathematics learning attitude but also mathematical knowledge·function by improving mathematical thought ability systematically.

외상후 발작의 위험인자에 대한 조사

이재학,배학근,윤석만,도재원,이경석,윤일규,최순관,변박장 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Seizure The authors evaluate the risk factors for posttraumatic seizures. this prospective study was performed in a series of 470 head injured patient from January 1996 to Decomber 1998. The patients who were dead within 1 week of injury or children from 3 years old and under were excluded. There were 358 male and 112 female with a mean age of 35.2±22.8 years (range, 4-88 years). The results were as follows : 1). Of the 470 patients, pasttraumatic seizure occurred in 48 patients(10.2%): early seizure in 28(6%) and late seizure in 20 patients(4.2%). 2). The clinical risk factors for posttraumatic seizure were poor consciousness at admission, presence of brainstem herniation signs, poor GCS score, and posttraumatic amnesia more than 24 hours after trauma(p<0.001). 3). The radiological risk factors for posttraumatic seizure were subdural hematoma(p<0.001), intracerebral hematoma (p<0.02), mutiple intracranial CT lesions(p<0.001), or delayed lesions on follow-up CT scans(p<0.001). the incidence of seizure increased according to the severity of diffuse brain lesion(p<0.001), and the seizure rate in mass lesion was higher than that in diffuse lesion(p<0.001). 5). Hypoxia and coagulopathy had a statistically significant influence on posttraumatic seizure(p<0.05). Hypoxia had a infuence on occurrence of late seizure(p<0.05). 6). The incidence of posttraumatic seizure signiticantly increased in surgical group compared with coservative group(p<0.001) and significantly increased in patient who underwent decompressive craniectomy compared with those who underwent craniotomy(p<0.001) 7). Preventive administration of antiepileptic drugs decreased the incidence of early seizure, but did not affect on the reduction of late seizure. 8). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the subdural hematoma, GCS score, delayed lesion, and intracerebral hematoma in order of importance for seizure risk. in conclusion, the risk factors affecting on the occurrence of seizure were clinical status at admission, CT lesions, and severity of diffuse brain inJury. Considering that hypoxia affected on the late seizure, it is necessary to detect and treat it immediately after trauma. In addition, the patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy should be carefully followed to evaluate the risk of late seizure. Even though preventive administration of antiepileptic drugs had a tendency to decrease the incidence of early seizure, it is unclear whether administration of antiepileptic drugs can reduce the incidence of posttraumatic seizures. Prospective study will be needed in the selected patients.

오렌지 껍질로부터 분리된 프라보노이드의 화학요법 감작효과

최철익,변익건,차윤정,김선필,민영돈,유진철,송재경 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.2

Background and Objectives : The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or multidrug resistanceassociated protein (MRP) confers multidrug resistance (MDR) to cancer cells. MDR cells could be sensitized to anticancer drugs when treated concomitantly with a chemosensitizer. In this study, orange peel have been screened for the development of chemosensitizers reversing MDR. Materials and methods : Expression of Pgp in AML-2/WT and AML-2/D100 were determined using western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Candidates for chemosensitizers were isolated, purified from orange peel using sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and silica-gel column chromatography, whose structure was determined using ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, ^1H-^1H-COSY, 13C-NMR, EI-Mass, IR. Chemosensitizing effect of NP-28 on AML-2/DX100 over expressing Pgp and MRP was determined by the MTT assay. Membrane toxicity was evaluated by the RBC hemolysis test. Antioxidant effects were examined by using a fluorescence probe (2’-7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate). Results : A potent candidate, NP-28, has a flavonoid nucleus with some methoxy moiety. NP-28 is believed to have high therapeutic index, being non-transportable inhibitor and possibly, of inhibiting other efflux pumps such as MRP and antioxidant effects. NP-28 is also unlikely to be a substrate of Pgp. NP-28 did not increase Pgp levels. Conclusion : NP-28 has a Chemosensitizing effect to reverse Pgp-mediated MDR by increasing the intracellular accumulation of drugs. Furthermore, they do not increase expression of Pgp, which can allow a long term use without the concern about Pgp activation. NP-28 is anticipated as an ideal second-generation flavonoid chemosensitizer and/or possibly other therapeutic agents by further investigation.

자발성 뇌지주막하 출혈 환자에서 최초 뇌실 크기의 임상적 의의

신일영,윤일규,윤석만,도재원,이경석,배학근,최순관,변박장 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study is to invesetigate the clinical significance of initial enlargement of ventricle in the patients who had aneurysmal SAH. Of the total 821 patients with aneursmal SAH who were registerd in SAH data bank system between 1989-1999, 307 patients who had been already measured in the size of ventricle at the time of admission, were studied retrospectively. The size of ventricle was calculated by bifrontal index. Normal size of ventricle was defined as 30% or less, mild enlargement was defined as 31 to 39%, and moderate enlargement of vertricle was defined as more than 39% in bifrontal index. The sizes of ventricle using bifrontal index were analysed according to the age, sex, blood pressure, consciousness at admission, medical history of hypertension, location of ruptured aneurysm, Fisher's grade on CT(computerized tomography) scan at the time of admission, cerebral vasospasm, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), performance of external ventricular drainage (EVD), and prognosis at discherge. Chi-square test and ANONA were used in the statistical evaluation. The results were as follows : 1) Of the 307 patients, 235(76.5%) had a mild to moderate enlargement of ventricle at the time of admission (more than 30% in bifrontal index). 2) The size of ventricle was enlarged according to the increase of age (p<0.05). 3) In the patients who had ruptured aneurysm on anterior cerebral artery, the size of ventricle significantly increased and showed a higher incidence in mild enlargement compared with moderate enlargement of ventricle (p<0.05). 4) The size of ventricle increased in th patients who had IVH and the EVD was more frequently performed in th patients who had the enlarged ventricle associated with IVH (p<0.05). 5) In the patients who had high Fisher's grade, the size of ventricle had a tendency to increase, but there was no statistical significance. 6) In the patients who had poor prognosis, the size of ventricle had a tendency to increase, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusively, the initial size of ventricle was enlarged in th aged patients, ruptured aneurysm on anterior communicating artery, high FIsher's grade, patients associated with IVH. Considering those factors, prediction for the enlargement of ventricle size may help to treat the patients suffering aneurysmal SAH.

Comparison of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with diabetes mellitus and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention

Byun, Jae Kyeong,Choi, Byoung Geol,Rha, Seung-Woon,Choi, Se Yeon,Jeong, Myung Ho Elsevier 2018 Atherosclerosis Vol.277 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background and aims</B></P> <P>Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are known to be beneficial for either non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients or diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. However, the comparative efficacy of ACEI <I>versus</I> ARB in patients with NSTEMI and DM is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the protective efficacy of ACEI <I>versus</I> ARB in patients with NSTEMI and DM, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Among 53,281 patients enrolled in the nationwide Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry, 3426 patients with NSTEMI and DM, who were treated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, had undergone successful PCI with DESs. They were classified into two groups: ACEI group (<I>N</I> = 2076), and ARB group (<I>N</I> = 1350). Individual major clinical outcomes and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of total death, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization were compared between the two groups for up to two years.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>After propensity score-matching analysis, two propensity-matched groups (1103 pairs, total = 2206) were generated, and the baseline characteristics were balanced. Although all causes of death and recurrent MI were not different between the two groups, the incidence of revascularization (4.0% <I>vs.</I> 7.1%; <I>p</I> = 0.002), including target vessel (2.3% <I>vs.</I> 5.0; <I>p</I> = 0.002), and MACE (8.7% <I>vs.</I> 12.5%, <I>p</I> = 0.008), were lower in the ACEI group than the ARB group at two-year follow-up.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Compared with ARB, no beneficial effects of ACEI on all causes of death, cardiac death, or recurrence of MI were observed, but ACEI reduced the incidence of revascularization and MACE in this population. Thus, well-designed trials with a larger population are needed to confirm these results.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> No beneficial effects of ACEI on total deaths, cardiac deaths, or recurrence of MI were observed. </LI> <LI> ACEI reduced the incidence of revascularization and MACE. </LI> <LI> In subgroup analysis, ACEI had a beneficial effect on MACE. </LI> </UL> </P>

JK PHOTOMETRY OF BRIGHT GIANTS IN NGC6712

KYEONG JAE-MANN,BYUN YONG-IK The Korean Astronomical Society 1998 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.31 No.2

With a large format near-infrared camera at the 2.2-m telescope on Mauna Kea Observatory, we performed J K near-infrared observations for the metal rich globular cluster NGC6712. This cluster lies near the galactic plane and therefore suffers heavy reddening. We present the near-infrared color-magnitude diagram and also derive the metallicity ([Fe/H] ${\~}-0.96{\pm}0.27$) as well as its distance modulus ((m - M) ${\~}13.42{\pm}0.12$).

UBVI CCD PHOTOMETRY OF OPEN CLUSTER NGC 2324

KYEONG JAE-MANN,BYUN YONG-IK,SUNG EON-CHANG The Korean Astronomical Society 2001 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.34 No.3

UBVI CCD photometry of open cluster NGC 2324 is presented. C-M diagrams of this cluster show well-defined main sequence with a red giant clump centered at B - V =1.05, V =13.45. We derived the major cluster characteristics; E(B - V)=0.17$\pm$0.12 from color-color diagram and mean color of red giant clump stars, (m - M)o=13.1$\pm$0.1 from zero age main sequence fitting, and [Fe/H]$\~$-0.32 from comparison the theoretical model developed by Bertelli et al. (1994) to the observed C-M diagrams. We estimate the age of NGC 2324 to be log t$\~$8.8 by applying isochrone fitting and morphological age index method.

Near-Infrared Photometry of Globular Cluster NGC 6535

Kyeong Jae Mann,Byun Yong Ik,Chun Mun Suk 한국천문학회 1997 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.30 No.2

We present a near-infrared (K, J-K) color magnitude diagram(CMD) for the central region of a metal poor globular cluster NGC 6535. Our near-infrared data are combined with published optical BV data to construct (K, V-K) CMD. A new metallicity estimate is made by applying the relation between metallicity and MKo as proposed by Frogel, Cohen and Persson(1983). Our value is [Fe/H] = -1.66+-0.06, which is slightly higher than other results previously reported.

NEAR-IR GIANT BRANCH SLOPE-METALLICITY RELATION OF OPEN CLUSTERS

KYEONG JAE-MANN,BYUN YONG-IK The Korean Astronomical Society 2001 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.34 No.3

We derive a new relationship between the giant branch slope as measured in the color-magnitude diagram (K, J - K) and [Fe/H] metallicity for old open clusters. Previously such relationships have been derived for globular clusters, while similar tendency has been expected for open clusters. New derived correlation, [Fe/H]=-17.2($\pm$0.23)GB slope - 1.95($\pm$0.02), is based on a collection of data for 10 old open clusters. Most clusters behave as expected from the theoretical predictions.

지체 장애자의 운동경기복에 관한 연구 : 휠체어 사용자를 중심으로

변종신,구현숙,유미란,유재희,윤영순,이옥경,이호경,채옥희 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1988 婦學 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was to design functional sportswear of the physically handicappel athletes using wheelchair. The questionnaires were administered to 61 male physically handicapped in Seoul. The findings obtained from this study were as follows: 1) The preferred sportswear revealed those that are comfortable knitted fabric with either cotton or wool and with easy washability. 2) The parts needed design alterations were the shoulder width, across back, armhole, slack length, slacks and hip girth. 3) The preferred styles in the sportswear were top with shirts collar and short raglan sleeve and slacks with rubber band waist. The two designs derived from the findings: 1) In an upper garment, one is with shirts collar and short set-in sleeve with gusset, the other is with a round neckline and long raglan sleeve with gusset. 2) In the case of pants, the additional protective layer on the knee should be much difference between front and back ease amount to mininized discomfort in the state of sitting in wheelchair.