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Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A
B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.
Genetic Differentiation among Sheep Populations from Near-sea Mainland in East Asia
Lu, S.X.,Chang, H.,Du, L.,Tsunoda, K.,Ji, D.J.,Sun, W.,Yang, Z.P.,Chang, G.B.,Mao, Y.J.,Wang, Q.H.,Xu, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.10
Using the method of 'random sampling in typical colonies of the central area of the habitat', 60 Small-tailed Han sheep were obtained in Jining city, Shangdong province. The variations of Small-tailed Han sheep at 12 structural loci encoding blood proteins were detected by several electrophoresis techniques and their gene frequencies were then estimated. The same data of four other sheep populations from Near-sea Mainland in East Asia were cited for the analysis of genetic differentiation. The average heterozygosities of five populations, namely Kharkhorin sheep, Ulaanbaatar sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep, Hu sheep and Cham Tribe sheep were 0.3447, 0.3285, 0.3157, 0.3884 and 0.2300, respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation among four populations, Kharkhorin sheep, Ulaanbaatar sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep, was 0.045557, and that between these four breeds and Cham Tribe sheep was 0.088005, indicating that the level of gene differentiation among the former four sheep populations of Mongolian group was comparatively lower than that between Cham Tribe sheep and other four sheep populations. The origin of Cham Tribe sheep deserve further research. The documentary research on the evolution of Small-tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep from Mongolian sheep was further verified by the biochemical experiments in the study. It was reasonably deduced that Hu sheep, Small Tailed Han sheep and Cham Tribe sheep were decreasingly influenced by the bloodline of Mongolian sheep.
Q. FAN,J. BIAN,H. LU,L. LI,J. DENG 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.4
The first firing cycle is very important during cold-start for all types of spark ignition engines. In addition, the combustion characteristics of the first firing cycle affect combustion and emissions in the following cycles. However, the firstcycle fuel-air mixing, combustion and emissions generation within the cylinder of a two-stage direct-injection (TSDI) engine during cold start is not completely understood. Based on the total stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and local richer mixture startup strategy, the first-cycle firing and combustion characteristic at cold start were investigated in a two-stage direct injection (TSDI) gasoline engine. In addition, the effects of the first injection timing, second injection timing, 1st and 2nd fuel injection proportion and total excess air ratio on the in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and accumulated heat release were analyzed on the basis of a cycle-by-cycle analysis. It is shown that a larger 2nd fuel injection amount and later 2nd injection timing are more beneficial to the firing of the first cycle in the case of a total excess air ratio of 1.0. The optimum 1st and 2nd injection timing fuel injection proportions are 120oCA ATDC during the intake stroke, 60oCA BTDC during the compression stroke and 1:1. In addition, the firing boundary is a 2nd injection timing later than 90oCA BTDC during the compression stroke in the case of the 1st injection timing from 60oCA to 180oCA ATDC during an intake stroke and involves a 1st and 2nd fuel injection proportion of 1:1 and an excess air ratio of 1.0. The study provides a detailed understanding of cold-start combustion characteristics and a guide for optimizing the reliable first-cycle firing at cold start.
Genetic associations of LYN with systemic lupus erythematosus
Lu, R,Vidal, G S,Kelly, J A,Delgado-Vega, A M,Howard, X K,Macwana, S R,Dominguez, N,Klein, W,Burrell, C,Harley, I T,Kaufman, K M,Bruner, G R,Moser, K L,Gaffney, P M,Gilkeson, G S,Wakeland, E K,Li, Q-Z Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 GENES AND IMMUNITY Vol.10 No.5
We targeted LYN, a src-tyosine kinase involved in B-cell activation, in case–control association studies using populations of European-American, African-American and Korean subjects. Our combined European-derived population, consisting of 2463 independent cases and 3131 unrelated controls, shows significant association with rs6983130 in a female-only analysis with 2254 cases and 2228 controls (P=1.1 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>, odds ratio (OR)=0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.90)). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is located in the 5′ untranslated region within the first intron near the transcription initiation site of LYN. In addition, SNPs upstream of the first exon also show weak and sporadic association in subsets of the total European-American population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis implicates rs6983130 as a protective factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility when anti-dsDNA, anti-chromatin, anti-52 kDa Ro or anti-Sm autoantibody status were used as covariates. Subset analysis of the European-American female cases by American College of Rheumatology classification criteria shows a reduction in the risk of hematological disorder with rs6983130 compared with cases without hematological disorders (P=1.5 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>, OR=0.75 (95% CI: 0.62−0.89)). None of the 90 SNPs tested show significant association with SLE in the African American or Korean populations. These results support an association of LYN with European-derived individuals with SLE, especially within autoantibody or clinical subsets.Genes and Immunity (2009) 10, 397–403; doi:10.1038/gene.2009.19; published online 16 April 2009
Yu, J.,Wang, L.,Lai, X.,Pei, S.,Zhuang, Z.,Meng, L.,Huang, Y.,Li, Q.,Lu, W.,Byun, J.H.,Oh, Y.,Yan, Y.,Chou, T.W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Carbon Vol.94 No.-
In spite of the recent rapid growth in stretchable electronic device research, efforts have been mainly focused on material selection, device geometric design and short-term performance characterization. The present research focuses on the long-term durability of electromechanical and electrochemical performance of buckled carbon nanotube fibers based stretchable conductors and supercapacitors under cyclic deformation. The damage mode and damage evolution as a function of fatigue deformation are identified. After 10,000 stretching-releasing cycles with mechanical deformation up to 40% strain, the conductivities of buckled dry spun and aerogel spun CNT fiber based stretchable conductors exhibit excellent stability and the resistances increase by only about 0.2% and 6%, respectively. The areal specific capacitances of buckled dry spun and aerogel spun CNT fiber based stretchable supercapacitors change, respectively, from 4.42mFcm<SUP>-2</SUP> to 3.60mFcm<SUP>-2</SUP>, and from 8.16mFcm<SUP>-2</SUP> to 9.95mFcm<SUP>-2</SUP> at the scan rate of 50mVs<SUP>-1</SUP> after 10,000 deformation cycles.
Du, J.,Lu, J.,Wu, Q.,Jing, C. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2012 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.215 No.-
Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) poses a great environmental and health risk with persistent Cr(VI) leaching. To reduce Cr(VI) and subsequently immobilize in the solid matrix, COPR was incubated with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and the Cr(VI) speciation and leachability were studied. Multiple complementary analysis methods including leaching tests, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to investigate the immobilization mechanism. Geochemical PHREEQC model calculation agreed well with our acid neutralizing capacity experimental results and confirmed that when pH was lowered from 11.7 to 7.0, leachate Cr(VI) concentrations were in the range 358-445mgL<SUP>-1</SUP> which contributed over 90% of dissolved Cr from COPR. Results of alkaline digestion, XANES, and XPS demonstrated that incubation COPR with nZVI under water content higher than 27% could result in a nearly complete Cr(VI) reduction in solids and less than 0.1mgL<SUP>-1</SUP> Cr(VI) in the TCLP leachate. The results indicated that remediation approaches using nZVI to reduce Cr(VI) in COPR should be successful with sufficient water content to facilitate electron transfer from nZVI to COPR.
Formation of mesostructured titania thin films using isopropoxide precursors
G.Q.M. Lu,I. Kartini,P. Meredith,Diniz da Costa,J. D. Riches 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
Mesostructured titania thin lms were prepared by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The highly acidic sol pre-cursors contained titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a titanium source, a tri-block copolymer Pluronic P123 as a template,and acetylacetonate and HCl as hydrolysis inhibitors. Characteristics of the resultant titania thin lms were studied using X-raydiraction (XRD) analysis, N2-adsorption/desorption analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEMinvestigations on the as-synthesised lms revealed the appearance of cubic-like, pseudohexagonal, and lamellar mesophases;depending on the amount of water in the sols of lm precursors. Template removal by a calcination process yields high surface area(320360 m2/g) mesoporous materials with crystalline anatase frameworks. Water content also inuences the degree of anatasecrystallinity of the calcined lms. Higher water content resulted in improved anatase crystallinity. These nanostructured materialsare of interest for photocatalysts, photoelectrochemical solar cells and other photonic devices.