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Irae Lee,Jungsoon Choi J-INSTITUTE 2022 Public Value Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: In the modern society, trends have fast changed along with the development of the fields of fashion, beauty, and art. The rapid delivery of information in the 4th industry is destroying, not changing, the standards of beauty. It is proposed that, by analyzing the avant-garde characteristics and make-up of Alexander McQueen show, it is in-tended to understand modern trends and suggest creative beauty. The purpose is to achieve the development of the design of avant-garde and make up. Method: The photos of Alexander McQueen collection 2001 F/W through 2010 S/S were classified through magazines such as Livingly and Vogue. Three experts participated in the analysis to help reduce the subjective view of the data and increase the reliability, while performing the analysis by using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Results: According to the avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show, decadentism is formless and abstract pattern form , while it turned out the most that eclecticism is formless , experimentalism is form-less according to the avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show. Nihilism turned out to be uniform-ly high across various forms. Furthermore, among the five types of make-up, nihilism turned out to be the highest, decadentism turned out to be the second highest, and experimentalism and eclecticism turned out to be relatively low. The avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show were correlated in terms of eyes, lips, and face. Conclusion: The avant-garde characteristics and make-up form expressed through the Alexander McQueen show are related to the following. The avant-garde characteristic turned out to have the highest nihilistic characteristics, followed by decadentism, experimentalism, and eclecticism. It is evident that the avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show are based on nihilism and decadentism. It is considered that studies of various collections and brands is required for the development of avant-garde and make-up design and for the creation of public values in the fields of beauty and fashion.
Inhibitory mechanism of Korean Red Ginseng on GM-CSF expression in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes
Ira Chung,Jieun Lee,Young Sun Park,Yeji Lim,Do Hyeon Chang,Jongil Park,황재성 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4
Background: UV-irradiated keratinocytes secrete various proinflammatory cytokines. UV-induced skin damage is mediated by growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In a previous study, we found that the saponin of Korean Red Ginseng (SKRG) decreased the expression of GM-CSF in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes. In this study, we attempted to find the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Methods: We investigated the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG and ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Results: Treatment with SKRG decreased the expression of GM-CSF mRNA and protein induced by irradiation of UVB in SP-1 keratinocytes. The phosphorylation of ERK was induced by UVB at 10 min, and decreased with SKRG treatment in SP-1 keratinocytes. In addition, treatment with SKRG inhibited the UVB-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is known to be an upstream signal of ERK. From these results, we found that the inhibition of GM-CSF expression by SKRG was derived from the decreased phosphorylation of EGFR. To identify the specific compound composing SKRG, we tested fifteen kinds of ginsenosides. Among these compounds, ginsenoside-Rh3 decreased the expression of GM-CSF protein and mRNA in SP-1 keratinocytes. Conclusion: Taken together, we found that treatment with SKRG decreased the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes and subsequently inhibited the expression of GM-CSF. Furthermore, we identified ginsenoside-Rh3 as the active saponin in Korean Red Ginseng.
Inhibitory mechanism of Korean Red Ginseng on GM-CSF expression in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes
Chung, Ira,Lee, Jieun,Park, Young Sun,Lim, Yeji,Chang, Do Hyeon,Park, Jongil,Hwang, Jae Sung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4
Background: UV-irradiated keratinocytes secrete various proinflammatory cytokines. UV-induced skin damage is mediated by growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In a previous study, we found that the saponin of Korean Red Ginseng (SKRG) decreased the expression of GM-CSF in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes. In this study, we attempted to find the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Methods: We investigated the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG and ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Results: Treatment with SKRG decreased the expression of GM-CSF mRNA and protein induced by irradiation of UVB in SP-1 keratinocytes. The phosphorylation of ERK was induced by UVB at 10 min, and decreased with SKRG treatment in SP-1 keratinocytes. In addition, treatment with SKRG inhibited the UVB-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is known to be an upstream signal of ERK. From these results, we found that the inhibition of GM-CSF expression by SKRG was derived from the decreased phosphorylation of EGFR. To identify the specific compound composing SKRG, we tested fifteen kinds of ginsenosides. Among these compounds, ginsenoside-Rh3 decreased the expression of GM-CSF protein and mRNA in SP-1 keratinocytes. Conclusion: Taken together, we found that treatment with SKRG decreased the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes and subsequently inhibited the expression of GM-CSF. Furthermore, we identified ginsenoside-Rh3 as the active saponin in Korean Red Ginseng.
The Smurf ubiquitin ligases regulate tissue separation via antagonistic interactions with ephrinB1
Hwang, Yoo-Seok,Lee, Hyun-Shik,Kamata, Teddy,Mood, Kathleen,Cho, Hee Jun,Winterbottom, Emily,Ji, Yon Ju,Singh, Arvinder,Daar, Ira O. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2013 Genes & development Vol.27 No.5
<P>Smad ubiquitin regulatory factors (Smurfs) play important roles in cell growth and differentiation. Hwang et al. present a new mechanism of Smurf regulation in <I>Xenopus</I> with evidence that Smurf1 and Smurf2 essentially compete for association with ephrin B1 (Smurf2 triggers ephrinB1 degradation, and Smurf1 counteracts it) and so regulate its expression. This unique mechanism for ubiquitin ligases is responsible for regulating the tissue boundaries at the mesoderm/ectoderm border during embryogenesis.</P>
Anoctamin and transmembrane channel-like proteins are evolutionarily related.
Hahn, Yoonsoo,Kim, Dong Seon,Pastan, Ira H,Lee, Byungkook D.A. Spandidos 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.24 No.1
<P>The anoctamin (ANO) family of proteins, consisting of 10 members in mammals, are transmembrane proteins that have Ca2+-activated Cl- channel activity. The transmembrane channel-like (TMC) family of proteins, consisting of 8 members in mammals, are also transmembrane proteins of which mutations are implicated in various human conditions, such as hearing loss and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Here we show that ANO and TMC proteins share high sequence similarity and probably the same membrane topology, indicating that these proteins are evolutionarily related. We found many conserved amino acid residues between the two families of proteins, especially in regions spanning the transmembrane domains TM1, TM4-TM5, and TM6-TM7. These findings imply that these proteins form one large family, which we term ANO/TMC superfamily and that TMC proteins also function as channels for Cl- or other ions. The ANO/TMC superfamily proteins are present in almost all diverse groups of eukaryotic organisms, suggesting that the proteins function in important biological processes, such as ion homeostasis, in eukaryotic cells.</P>
A Solvent-Free Thermosponge Nanoparticle Platform for Efficient Delivery of Labile Proteins
Choi, Won Il,Kamaly, Nazila,Riol-Blanco, Lorena,Lee, In-Hyun,Wu, Jun,Swami, Archana,Vilos, Cristian,Yameen, Basit,Yu, Mikyung,Shi, Jinjun,Tabas, Ira,von Andrian, Ulrich H.,Jon, Sangyong,Farokhzad, Omi American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.11
<P/><P>Protein therapeutics have gained attention recently for treatment of a myriad of human diseases due to their high potency and unique mechanisms of action. We present the development of a novel polymeric thermosponge nanoparticle for efficient delivery of labile proteins using a solvent-free polymer thermo-expansion mechanism with clinical potential, capable of effectively delivering a range of therapeutic proteins in a sustained manner with no loss of bioactivity, with improved biological half-lives and efficacy in vivo.</P>