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      • A novel alendronate functionalized nanoprobe for simple colorimetric detection of cancer-associated hypercalcemia

        Sahu, Abhishek,Hwang, Youngmin,Vilos, Cristian,Lim, Jong-Min,Kim, Sunghyun,Choi, Won Il,Tae, Giyoong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.28

        <P>The calcium (Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>) ion concentration in the blood serum is tightly regulated, and any abnormalities in the level of serum calcium ions are associated with many potentially dangerous diseases. Thus, monitoring of the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ion concentration in the blood serum is of fundamental importance. Gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based colorimetric biosensors have enormous potential in clinical diagnostic applications due to their simplicity, versatility, and unique optical properties. In this study, we have developed an alendronate functionalized gold nanoparticle (GNP-ALD) system for the measurement of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ion concentration in biological samples. The GNP-ALD system showed higher sensitivity towards the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ion compared to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The strong interaction between the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ion and ALD at the GNP/solution interface resulted in significant aggregation of the ALD conjugated GNPs, and induced a color change of the solution from red to blue, which could be visually observed with the naked eye. The interaction between the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ion and GNP-ALD was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the lower limit of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection using this method was found to be 25 μM and a linear response range from 25 μM to 300 μM Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ions was obtained with excellent discrimination against other metal ions. The GNP-ALD nanoprobe could successfully determine the ionized Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration in various serum samples and the results were validated using a commercial calcium assay kit. Moreover, as a practical application, we demonstrated the utility of this nanoprobe for the detection of cancer-associated hypercalcemia in a mouse model.</P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        A Solvent-Free Thermosponge Nanoparticle Platform for Efficient Delivery of Labile Proteins

        Choi, Won Il,Kamaly, Nazila,Riol-Blanco, Lorena,Lee, In-Hyun,Wu, Jun,Swami, Archana,Vilos, Cristian,Yameen, Basit,Yu, Mikyung,Shi, Jinjun,Tabas, Ira,von Andrian, Ulrich H.,Jon, Sangyong,Farokhzad, Omi American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.11

        <P/><P>Protein therapeutics have gained attention recently for treatment of a myriad of human diseases due to their high potency and unique mechanisms of action. We present the development of a novel polymeric thermosponge nanoparticle for efficient delivery of labile proteins using a solvent-free polymer thermo-expansion mechanism with clinical potential, capable of effectively delivering a range of therapeutic proteins in a sustained manner with no loss of bioactivity, with improved biological half-lives and efficacy in vivo.</P>

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