Multitask Learning in Facial Kinship Verification

Inpyo Song,Jangwon Lee 한국방송·미디어공학회 2023 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

Kinship verification, a field of growing interest, is experiencing significant advancements owing to the breakthroughs in computer vision and deep learning. However, automated kinship verification, largely dependent on image data, often grapples with challenges related to individual appearance difference and inconsistent image conditions. This paper introduces a multitask learning approach designed to enrich the models understanding from varied perspectives, thus facilitating robust and comprehensive feature extraction from images. The study further integrates a margin-based softmax loss function to distinctly separate image features, ultimately bolstering the kinship verification systems performance and robustness.

호주의 쿼드(Quad) 재가입 요인 분석 - 중국의 정치·안보적 영향력 확대에 대한 호주 내 위기의식 변화를 중심으로 -

송인표 ( Song Inpyo ),김인승 ( Kim Inseung ) 공군사관학교 2021 空士論文集 Vol.72 No.-

호주는 2007년, 반중(反中)적이기 보다는 인도주의적 성격이 강했던 쿼드에서 탈퇴를 선언하였다. 중국과의 마찰을 피하고 관계개선을 시도할 목적이었다. 하지만 호주는 중국과의 경제적 상호의존이 그 어느 때보다 심화되었으며, 쿼드의 대중 견제 의도가 명확해진 2017년, 돌연쿼드 재가입이라는 결정을 내렸다. 호주는 왜 과거 탈퇴했던 쿼드 협력에 다시 참여하고 있는가? 본 연구는 이러한 의문에 기반하였다. 기존 연구들은 대체로 호주의 쿼드 재참여 요인을 중국의 군사적 위협 증가를 중심으로 설명해 왔다. 그러나 호주가 쿼드에 재참여하게 된 결정적인 원인을 오로지 중국의 군사적 위협만으로 간주할 수 없다. 2007년과 2017년 사이에 호주에 대한 중국의 군사적 위협이 급증하였다고 단정하기 어렵기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국의 안보위협 증가에 더해, 2007년 이후 급증한 중국의 호주에 대한 국내정치적 영향력 증가 현황 역시 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 호주의 쿼드 재가입 결정에는 점증하는 호주 내 중국의 영향력에 대한 국내정치적 반감 및 위기의식 역시 작용하였음을 보이고자 한다. In 2007, Australia had decided to withdraw from the Quad as it might cause friction with China, even though, the Quad was less responsive to China at that time. However, Australia has decided to rejoin the Quad at a time when China accounts for an absolute majority of Australia’s imports and exports, and the quad is called the “Asia version of NATO,” maximizing its anti-China tendency. Why is Australia participating in the Quad cooperation what she was withdrawn in the past? The study was based on these questions. Many existing studies have analyzed the factors that Australia participated in the quad again as military factors. However, the decisive cause of Australia’s participation in the quad again was not China’s military threat. China interfered with the internal affairs of Australia, a sovereign country, through state-level buying activities, and tried to manipulate all walks of life in Australia to suit their tastes. In addition, when these attempts were discovered, they tried to weaponize increased economic interdependence to prevent Australia from implementing anti-China policies such as joining the quad, but Australia is trying to drive out China’s influence from Australia with a strong will.

COWL X-BAR 중량 및 N.V.H 성능 개선을 위한 설계 인자 연구

정익진(IkJin Jung),홍인표(Inpyo Hong),송상래(Sangra Song) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.11_2

The cowl cross bar is the frame of crash pad assy. It protects a passenger in the collision and has influence on the NVH of STEER'G WHEEL. But the existing design is bad from a weight's point of view. So this study improves NVH of the STEER'G WHEEL by optimization design and discusses how to reduce the weight.

Diabetes Mellitus and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Lee, Jung-Yun,Jeon, InPyo,Kim, Jae Weon,Song, Yong-Sang,Yoon, Jae-Moon,Park, Sang Min BMJ 2013 International journal of gynecological cancer Vol.23 No.3

<B>Objective</B><P>The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic association between diabetes and risk of ovarian cancer.</P><B>Methods</B><P>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for observational studies on the association between diabetes and ovarian cancer. Cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and case-control studies that showed odds ratios were included in the analysis. Summary RRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model.</P><B>Results</B><P>A total of 19 studies from 18 articles (7 case-control studies and 11 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria. Combining data from all studies, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, compared with no diabetes (summary RR of ovarian cancer incidence, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33). In cohort and nested case-control studies, patients with diabetes had statistically significant increased risk of ovarian cancer (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33), without significant heterogeneity (<I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 27; <I>P</I> = 0.172). Among studies that control for age, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol, a prominent association between diabetes and ovarian cancer was found (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-2.19).</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>This study suggests that women with diabetes have a moderately increased risk of ovarian cancer.</P>

Endogenous interleukin-l8 modulates immune escape of murine melanoma cells

Cho, Daeho,Kim, Youngin,Kang, Jaeseung,Hahm, Eunsil,Lee, Wangjae,Song, Hyunkeun,Pyun, Kwangho,Choi, Inpyo 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2001 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.3

It has been known that melanoma cells can suppress the immune system by the Fas ligand. The present study investigated whether interleukin(IL)-18, which can enhance Fas ligand expression, is produced by B16F10 melanoma cells and is involved in immune escape of tumor cells. Immunohistology, RT-PCR, intracellular FACS analysis, and immunoblotting demonstrated that melanoma cells express IL-18. In addition to IL-18, the IL-18 receptor was also detected in B16F10 melanoma cells, suggesting a role of this cytokine in regulating the functions of B16F10 melanoma cells. The functional effect of IL-18 on B16F10 melanoma cells was shown by reduction of Fas ligand expression in cells transfected with IL-18 antisense cDNA. In addition, the same treatments decreased intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate levels in B16F10 melanoma cells, indicating that IL-18 regulates reactive oxygen intermediate production. Furthermore, transfection of IL-18 antisense cDNA into melanoma cells increased the susceptibility of tumor cells to natural killer cells in vitro. When IL-18 antisense transfectants were implanted into syngeneic mice, severe reduction of tumor cell growth was observed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IL-18 has a critical role as a survival factor for B16F10 melanoma cells.

NDRG2 expression decreases with tumor stages and regulates TCF/β-catenin signaling in human colon carcinoma

Kim, Young-Jun,Yoon, Sun Y.,Kim, Jong-Tae,Song, Eun Y.,Lee, Hee G.,Son, Hyun J.,Kim, Soo Y.,Cho, Daeho,Choi, Inpyo,Kim, Joo H.,Kim, Jae W. Oxford University Press 2009 Carcinogenesis Vol.30 No.4

<P>NDRG (N-Myc downstream-regulated gene)-2 is a member of the NDRG family. Although it has been suggested that NDRG2 is involved in cellular differentiation and tumor suppression, its intracellular signal and regulatory mechanism are not well known. Here, we show the differential expression of NDRG2 in human colon carcinoma cell lines and tissues by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses with monoclonal antibody against NDRG2. NDRG2 was strongly expressed in normal colonic mucosa and colonic adenomatous tissues (25 of 25) but not in all invasive cancer tissues [44 of 99 (44%)]. Most distinctive results indicated that the high expression level of NDRG2 has a positive correlation with tumor differentiation and inverse correlation with tumor invasion depth and Dukes’ stage of colon adenocarcinoma. To investigate the roles of NDRG2 in tumorigenesis, we used <I>in vitro</I> cell culture system. SW620 colon cancer cell line with a low level of intrinsic NDRG2 protein was transfected with <I>NDRG2</I>-expressing plasmid. TOPflash luciferase reporter assay showed that the transcriptional activity of T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) was reduced by NDRG2 introduction, but not by the introduction of mutant NDRG2 generated by deletion or site-directed mutagenesis. Intracellular β-catenin levels were slightly reduced in the NDRG2-transfected SW620 cells and this regulation of β-catenin stability and TCF/LEF activity were mediated through the modulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity by NDRG2 function. Our results suggest that NDRG2 might play a pivotal role as a potent tumor suppressor by the attenuation of TCF/β-catenin signaling for the maintenance of healthy colon tissues.</P>

<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> evades phagocytosis by animal cells via type III effector‐mediated regulation of actin filament plasticity

Yoon, Sung‐,Jin,Park, Young‐,Jun,Kim, Jun‐,Seob,Lee, Soohyun,Lee, Sang‐,Hyun,Choi, Song,Min, Jeong‐,Ki,Choi, Inpyo,Ryu, Choong‐,Min BLACKWELL SCIENCE 2018 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY Vol.20 No.11

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Certain animal and plant pathogenic bacteria have developed virulence factors including effector proteins that enable them to overcome host immunity. A plant pathogen, <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> pv. <I>tomato</I> (<I>Pto</I>) secretes a large repertoire of effectors via a type III secretory apparatus, thereby suppressing plant immunity. Here, we show that <I>Pto</I> causes sepsis in mice. Surprisingly, the effector HopQ1 disrupted animal phagocytosis by inhibiting actin rearrangement via direct interaction with the LIM domain of the animal target protein LIM kinase, a key regulator of actin polymerization. The results provide novel insight into animal host–plant pathogen interactions. In addition, the current study firstly demonstrates that certain plant pathogenic bacteria such as <I>Pto</I> evade phagocytosis by animal cells due to cross‐kingdom suppression of host immunity.</P>

NDRG2 is one of novel intrinsic factors for regulation of lL-10 production in human myeloid cell

최승철,김광동,김종태,오상석,윤선영,송은영,이희구,조영경,최인표,임종석,김재화 Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2010 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.1

NDRG2 is one of novel intrinsic factors for regulation of lL-10 production in human myeloid cell

최승철,김광동,김종태,오상석,윤선영,송은영,이희구,조영경,최인표,임종석,김재화 Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2010 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.1

백혈병 마우스 모델의 동종골수이식에서 활성화된 자연살해세포들의 보충이 이식편대백혈병효과와 이식편대숙주반응에 미치는 영향

엄현석,한치화,박수정,김소연,정낙균,정대철,진종률,최일봉,양형모,서영훈,송현근,최인표,민우성,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: 백혈병에서 동종골수이식 (allogeneic bone marrow transplantation)의 성공적 치료 효과를 얻기 위해서는 이식편대숙주반응 (graft-versus-host disease, GVHD) 발생의 극복과 재발의 방지가 중요한 과제이다. 골수를 역류원심성 세포분리 (counterflow centrifugal elutriation, CCE) 방법으로 분리하여 얻은 rotor off (R/O) 세포분획은 T 세포의 수는 적지만 조혈모세포들을 다량 포함하고 있어 동종골수이식에서 주조직적합복합체 (major histocompatibility complex, MHC) 차이를 극복할 수 있고, 이식편의 생착 성공과 GVHD 발생 예방에 효과적이다. 그러나 골수로부터 T 세포를 제거하면 백혈병세포를 공격하는 이식편대백혈병 (graft-versus-leukemia, GVL) 효과가 감소되기 때문에 백혈병 재발의 빈도가 높다. 자연살해세포 (natural killer cell, NK cell)의 보충 첨가는 동종골수이식 후 GVHD 발생을 줄이면서 충분한 GVL 효과를 얻을 수가 있다. 따라서 저자는 분리 후 IL-2로 활성화시킨 NK 세포들을 골수 R/O 세포분획과 함께 백혈병 마우스 모델에 동종이식함으로써 GVHD와 GVL에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 방법: Balb/c (H-2^(d)) 마우스에서 유래된 A20 (murine B-lymphoma/leukemia cell line, H-2^(d)) 백혈병 세포를 이식 2 일 전에 Balb/c 마우스에 주입하고, 치사량의 전신 방사선을 조사한 직후에 Balb/c 또는 C57BL/6 (H-2^(b)) 마우스의 골수 R/O 세포분획을 꼬리정맥을 통하여 주입하였다. 이들은 모두 이식 후 6-8 주 이내에 사망하였다. 동종이식의 대조군 (n=9)에는 1 × 10^(7)의 R/O 세포분획만을 주입하였고, 실험군 (n=9)에는 C57BL/6 마우스의 비장세포들로부터 단클론항체들을 이용한 negative selection방법으로 분리한 후 IL-2로 활성화된 5 × 10^(5)의 NK 세포분획을 1 × 10^(7)의 R/O 세포분획과 함께 주입하였다. GVL 효과의 판정은 이식 후 14 일과 28 일 째 되는 날 마우스에서 골수, 비장, 간 등을 얻어 백혈병 세포들의 침윤을 조직학적으로 관찰하였으며, GVHD의 정도는 육안적 관찰법으로 평가하였다. 결과: R/O 세포분획만을 이식한 대조군의 골수, 비장, 그리고 간 조직에서는 A20 백혈병 세포의 침윤이 각각 89% (8/9), 78% (7/9)와 22% (2/9)에서 관찰되었고, R/O 세포분획과 NK 세포분획을 함께 이식한 실험군에서는 비장과 간을 제외한 골수에서만 89% (8/9)에서 A20 백혈병 세포의 침윤이 관찰되어 두 군 사이에 장기별 분포의 차이를 볼 수 있었다 (P= 0.0001). 한편 GVHD는 두 군 모두에서 경하게 나타나서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 생착 부전으로 사망한 마우스는 없었다. 결론: CCE를 이용하여 T 세포를 제거한 동종골수이식에서 NK 세포의 보충은 GVHD의 악화는 일으키지 않으면서, 백혈병의 진행을 억제하는 GVL 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. Background: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with T cell-depleted marrow accompanies engraftment failure and relapse of leukemia by a loss of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect frequently, while it can prevent GVHD. Supplement of NK cells could prevent GVHD and enhance GVL effect in several murine allogeneis BMT models Roter off (R/O) cell fraction obtained by counterflow centriation elutriatio (CCO) contains small number of T cells and many hematopoietic stem cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of R/O cell fraction supplemented with IL-2 activated NK cells on GVL and GVHD within the leukemic mouse BMT model. Methods: Inoculation of A20 (H-2d, murine B-lymphoma/leukemia, Balb/c origin) cells into Balb/c mice via the tail vein 2 days prior to lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and infusion of the Balb/c BM or C57BL/6 (H-2b) R/O fraction were performed. It resulted in 100% mortality within 6 to 8 weeks. The irradiated mice in the control group were injected with 1 × 107 R/O cell fraction alone (n=9) and in the experimental group mice were injected with 1 × 107 R/O cell fraction plus 5 × 105 negatively selected IL-2 activated NK cell fractions of the spleens via the tail vein (n=9). On day 14 and 28 after BMT, the bone marrows, spleens, and livers of mice were harvested for histopathologic analysis of the infiltrations of leukemic cells. We then evaluated the GVHD within the mice. Results: A histopathologic study of the recipients receiving R/O fraction alone showed infiltration of leukemic cells, 89% (8/9) in bone marrows, 78% (7/8) in spleens, and 22% (2/9) in livers. The experimental group of mice showed only the infiltration of leukemic cells 89% (8/9) in bone marrows, not in spleens and livers. There were the organ differences of the leukemic cells infiltrations between the two groups (P=0.0001). There were no obvious differences in the GVHD scores between these two groups, and severe GVHD was not observed. There was no engraftment failure among groups. Conclusion: Thus, our findings suggest that R/O cell fraction obtained by CCE and supplemented with NK cells can promote GVL effect without mediating clinically overt GVHD in allogeneic BMT of mouse leukemia.