급성 중독 환자에 대한 역학적 고찰 : 서울과 지방의 비교

김성중,김인병,최성욱,김경수,이영수,Choi, Jong Moo 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Study objective: To compare patients with acute poisoning between urban and rural areas Design: Retrospective chart review of 217 patients with acute poisoning Setting: Two University Hospital EDs Methods: patients were divided into two groups according to hospital. The group A was 109 patients who came to ED of Asan Medical Center and the group B was patients who came to ED of Ajou University Hospital from June 1994 to February 1995. We analysed the age and sex distributions, poisoning substances. causes of poisoning and the past history of psychiatric problems in patients of the two groups. Results: Total number of patients with acute poisoning were 109 in the group A and 108 in the group B. Female was more prevalent than male in the group A and male was more than female in the group B. There was a significant difference in sex distribution between two groups. The mean age of the group A was 27.7 years which was significantly different from the mean age of the group B, 33.7 years. The age incidences in both group were highest in 2nd decade. The accidental poisoning cases were 37% in the group A and 31% in the group B. The rates of committed suicide were 7% in the group A and 22% in the group B. The most common agent of poisoning was therapeutic drug in the group A and agricultural or industrial chemical in the group B. The overall mortality was 5% in the group A and 15% in the group B. Conclusion: There were significant differences in age and sex distributions. poisoning substances, causes of poisoning and the past history of psychiatric problems between two groups.

Enhanced Antitumor Effect of the Combination of Bacille Calmette-Guérin and an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Bladder Cancer-On-a-Chip

Choi Se Young,Kim Mirinae,Kang Su Jeong,Choi Young Wook,맹세정,Kim Sung-Hwan,Chang In Ho 한국바이오칩학회 2023 BioChip Journal Vol.17 No.4

We upgraded preexisting bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) by adding T cells and evaluated the antitumor eff ect of a combina- tion of intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and pembrolizumab. We fabricated bioprinted BCOC with microfl uids, incorporating HT1376, MRC-5, HUVEC, THP-1 and Jurkat cells. We evaluated the eff ector-to-target cytotoxicity, cytokine, and cell viability in 2D culture, live/dead assay, migration assay, and cytokine assay in BCOC. Additionally, we evaluated the antitumor effi cacy of the combination of BCG and pembrolizumab in an orthotopic mouse model. The combination group showed the most eff ective reduction compared to the control in 2D culture (100.0 ± 0.8% vs. 36.4 ± 0.8%, p < 0.001). In BCOC, cancer cell viabilities were decreased at 3 days in the BCG group (70.1 ± 9.8%, p = 0.013) and combination group (49.3 ± 8.1%, p < 0.001). The combination group showed the highest immune reaction in the cytokine assay (interferon-γ, p = 0.045; interleukin-6, p = 0.037) and migration assay (fold change 1.3 ± 0.1, p < 0.001), whereas in the in vivo model, it showed lower signal intensities from days 10 to 14 compared to that in the control group ( p = 0.031 and p = 0.014, respec- tively). No signifi cant weight changes were observed among the groups. We developed a 3D bioprinted BCOC via use of the monocytic THP-1 cells and Jurkat T cells to assess the effi cacy of immunotherapy. The combination of BCG and pem- brolizumab showed the best antitumor effi cacy in BCOC and animal models.

분진의 개수농도 및 질량농도에 입각한 서울시 지하철 역사내 오염원의 기여도 결정

최형욱,황인조,김신도,김동술 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The subway play an important part in serious traffic problems. However, because subway system is a closed environment, many serious air pollution problems occurred in subway stations and injured passenger's health. Therefore, it is a necessary to identify sources and to estimate pollutant sources in order to protect passenger's health and to keep clean subway environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze a air quality in the subway stations and to apply a new receptor methodology for quantitatively estimate of PM 10 sources. In this study, the size distributions of particulate matters has been measured by using Aerosizer LD (U.S.A., API, Inc.). It's realtime measurement capability of time-of-flight technique offers a significant advantage of user convenience and air pollution management. Also, the mass concentrations of PM 10 has been measured by using mini-vol portable sampler (U.S.A., Airmetrics Co.). The sampling performed in Seoul subway stations during the period of February 2000 and April 2000. The number distribution data used in this study consisted of 26 raw data sets in the Jongno-sam-ga station. Correlation Analysis can be used in subway stations for source separation and identification. Then, number contribution from each source is determined by the particle number balance (PNB). The mass concentration data used in this study consisted of 31 raw data in the 8 different stations. The mass contributions of PM 10 sources in the concourse by using PMF/CMB model.

서울시 지하철 역사내 라돈의 농도분포

황인조,한근혁,최형욱,김동술,김신도 경희대학교 환경연구소 2001 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The various existing situations like overpopulation, urbanization, industrialization, and heavy traffic volume in the Seoul metropolitan area have led to the air pollution problem, traffic problem, and increase in opportunities of residing underground place. So, recently in Korea, the residents using underground working place have been of great concerns on indoor air pollutants such as HCHO, radon, particulate matter, carbon monoxide. However, the studies on indoor air pollution have been not extensively conducted in Korea. Indoor radon is an odorless, colorless, tasteless, invisible, inert, and naturally occurring radioactive gas. And it has been known as one of the notorious carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to survey the concentration variations of radon in the subway stations located Seoul metropolitan area. Total of 216 subway stations were surveyed by the continuous radon monitors from Mar. 2001 to Jun. 2001. The study showed that average radon levels of concourses in each line were 1.51, 1.45, 1.51, 1.23, 1.28, 1.37, 1.12, 1.28 pCi/L and those of platforms in each line were 2.09, 1.43, 1.37, 1.67, 1.44, 1.54, 1.40, 1.22 pCi/L, respectively. The study results showed that the average radon concentrations were 1.19 pCi/L in outdoor, 1.34 pCi/L in concourse, and 1.52 pCi/L in platform, respectively.

췌담관 합류이상이 있는 환자에서 담도계 손상 기전에 대한 연구

정인호,정용식,김지훈,최수윤,김정운,김욱환,홍정,왕희정,유병무,김진홍,한재호,김영배,김재근,김명욱 한국간담췌외과학회 2003 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.7 No.2

DTF를 이용한 순산소연소 조건에서 탈황반응과 CaSO₄ 분해 특성

최욱(Wook Choi),조항대(Hang Dae Jo),최원길(Won Kil Choi),박영성(Yeong Sung Park),길상인(Sang In Keel),이형근(Hyung Keun Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.6

순산소연소 조건하의 로내 탈황공정에서 황화반응 생성물인 CaSO₄의 재분해가 탈황반응에 미치는 영향이 크다. 본 연구에서는 DTF (Drop Tube Furnace)를 이용하여 반응온도, CO₂, O₂, SO₂ 농도 등을 포함한 다양한 실험 변수들이 CaSO₄ 탈황반응에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 분해반응의 전환율을 측정하고 반응속도를 계산하였다. 반응온도가 상승함에 따라 CaSO₄ 분해반응의 전환율과 반응속도가 증가하였고 O₂가 존재하는 조건에서 CO₂ 농도의 영향은 크지 않았다. 동일한 조건에서 CaSO₄ 분해속도는 O₂ 농도가 감소함에 따라 증가하였으나 SO₂ 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소되었다. In general, the decomposition of CaSO₄ formed by sulfation reaction in the in-furnace desulfurization process using limestone has strong effect on the desulfurization reaction under the oxy-fuel combustion condition. In this study, the conversion rates were measured and reaction rates were calculated in order to investigate the effects of the experimental variables such as temperature and the concentrations of CO₂, O₂, SO₂, on the CaSO₄ decomposition reaction using DTF (Drop Tube Furnace) in the desulfurization reaction. The conversion rate and the reaction rate of CaSO₄ decomposition reaction were increased with reaction temperature. CO₂ concentration has little effect on CaSO₄ decomposition reaction in the presence of O₂. Under the same experimental conditions, the decomposition rate of CaSO₄ was enhanced with the decreasing the O₂ concentration, but vice versa with the increasing of SO₂ concentration.

톡소포자충 감염마우스의 Cytokine 및 Heat shock protein 생산 분석

노형준,최인욱,신대환,이영하 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2

T. gondii frequently causes severe congenital defects and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals. Cytokines. nitric oxide (NO) and heat shock proteins (HSP) are important to control the parasite multiplication and host resistance. However. there were only fen reports about HSP70 in toxoplasmosis. Moreover. we do not know the cytokines and HSP70 production in case of NO inhibition. Therefore. this study was performed to analyze the production of NO. HSP70 and cytokines after adminstration of aminoguanidine (AMG. suppressor of NO production) in mice infected with T. gondii. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were injected with either 5 brain cysts of Me49 strain of T. gondii or 50㎍ of AMG for 2 weeks every day. and then mice were sacrificed at day 4. 7. 14 and 28. HSP70 production in the brain and spleen of both mice strains mere decreased after treatment with AMG. however Toxoplasma-infected ones were significantly increased. HSP70 production of Infection/AMG-treated group of C57BL/7mice was significantly decreased in comparison to Infection group. Whereas Infection/AMG-treated group of BALB/c mice showed similar HSP70 production compared to Infection group. After T. gondii infection. the IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA expression in the brain and spleen was significantly increased in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. IFN-γ mRNA expression in the brain and spleen of Infection/AMG-treated BALB/c mice were not significant differences compared to those of infected ones. however there were significant differences in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. TNF-α mRNA expression in the spleen of Infection/AMG-treated BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were significantly decreased in comparison to those of infected ones. Taken together. HSP70. IFN-γ and TNF-α production were significantly increased in Toxoplasma-infected BALB/c and C57L/6 mice. After treatment with NO inhibitor in infected C57BL/6 mice, the production of HSP70 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased. whereas BALB/c mice were not significant differences of HSP70 and IFN-γ production between Infection and Infection/AMG-treated group.

Poster Session : PS 1015 ; GI Motility : Pegylated-Photosensitizer Enhances the Effi cacy of Photodynamic Therapy Through Escaping of ATPBinding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

( Jae Myung Park ),( In Wook Kim ),( Ju Hee Kim ),( Tayyaba Hasan ),( Myung Gyu Choi ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Porphyrin-based photosensitizers are most commonly used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, these drugs are exported extracellularly by a cell-membrane transporter, the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), decreasing the PDT-induced cytotoxicity in cancer treatment. In this study, we showed that intracellular level of a porphyrin was increased by its Pegylated form, which enhance the PDT-induced cytotoxicity. Methods: Pancreatic cancer cells, AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2, were selected. We also used ABCG2-overexpressed MIA Paca-2 cells. We pretreated them with chlorine e6 (Che6) or its pegylated-Che6, then irradiated with a diode laser emitting at 670 nm wave length with total radiation dose of 6 J/cm2. We measured the intracellular level of Che6 and peglated-Che6 with fl uorescence meter, FACS and confocal microscope. Cell viability and survival was analyzed by MTT assay and clonogenic survival assay, respectively. Singlet oxygen level was quantified with photomultiplier-tube based singlet oxygen detection system. In-vivo PDT effects were investigated with AsPC-1 cell-bearing BALC/nude mice of the Che6 and pegylated-Che6. Results: The intracellular level of Che6 was higher in MIA PaCa-2 than AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2/ABCG2 cells. However, intracellular level of Che6 was increased by its pegylated form in AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa2/ABCG2 cells. Cell viability after PDT was signifi cantly decreased in MIA PaCa-2 compared to AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2/ABCG2. However, PDT using pegylated-Che6 caused the similar cytotoxicity among the three cancer cell lines. The production level of singlet oxygen was higher in pegylated-Che6 than Che6-treated cells. The tumor volume after PDT using pegylated-Che6 was signifi cant smaller than that of Che6 in AsPC-1-xenograft mouse model. Conclusions: Pegylated-photosensitizer escaped ABCG2 function, which suggests potential improvement of ABCG2-related resistant to porphyrin-based PDT in cancer treatment in pancreatic cancers.

The Effect of Parental Imprinting on the INS - IGF2 Locus of Korean Type I Diabetic Patients

(Heung Sik Kim),(Dong Wook Lee),(Sang Jun Lee),(Bo Hwa Choi),(Sung Ik Chang),(Hyun Dae Yoon),(In Kyu Lee) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.4

N/A Background: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Susceptibility to IDDM appears to depend on more than one genetic locus. Evidence of a genetic linkage for IDDM2 was found in male meioses from French and North American populations. It is linked to maternal imprinting (i.e. monoalleleic expression of the insulin gene) that is considered the most likely cause of these gender-related differences. IGF2 is expressed only in the paternal allele and therefore, is considered a candidate gene for IDDM2 transmission because of its important autocrine/paracrine effects on the thymus, lymphocytes and pancreas. Nevertheless, it remains controversial whether the parental origin of IDDM2 influences IDDM susceptibility. Methods: Using PCR and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we analyzed the INS/PstI+1127 and IGF2/ApaIpolymorphisms and RNA expression level between PstI (+/-) and PstI (+/+) to determine genotype and allele-specific expression of the INS and IGF2 genes. Results : INS/PstI(+/+) and IGF2/ApaI(+/-) were observed in 36 (97.3%) of 37 IDDM patients and in 29 (72.5%) of 40 IDDM patients, respectively. The presence of both IGF2 alleles in RNA was observed in 21 (91.6%) of 24 IDDM patients. Our results show a 3-fold increase in RNA expression from PstI (+/-) allele over PstI (+/+) allele. Conclusion: Our conclusion does not entirely exclude IGF2 as the gene involved in IDDM2, even though the parental effect of IDDM2 transmission is not related to IGF2 maternal imprinting. The INS genotype appeared mostly in the PstI (+/+) homozygote and, therefore, we could not explain the INS imprinting pattern in Korean type 1 diabetic patients. Genetic differences between populations may account for the discrepancy between Korean type I diabetic patients and American or French type I diabetic patients.

금속제 기구 및 용기포장의 유해물질에 관한 조사 연구 : 금속제 주방 기구에서 유해중금속 용출에 관한 연구 Study on Migration of Trace Elements from Metallic Kitchenwares

이광호,권기성,곽인신,전대훈,최병희,유승석,김성욱,이선희 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-

구이웅즉불판, 스데"1크용 불판, 전골그릇. 솥, 프라이괜, 갬비, 주전자, 밥그릇 및 석쇠 둥 주방용 기구에 사웅되는 황동(3'3총)· 묵쇠 (17종), 알루미늄(10종), 청동(2종), 구리 (2종), 스테인레스(2종) 둥의 금속제에서 Pb, Cd, Ct Zn, Sn등 유괘 중금속의 용출과 기작에 대하여 연구하였다. 촹동을 대표금속으로 선정하여 용출 온도(30, 60, 80,95'c), PH(2.5, 4.3, 6.0, 7.0) 및 시간(30, 90, 180, 3:60븐)에 딱른 금속 용출량 조사에서 온도 및 P 변화체 딱른 시험결과, 95'C, pH 2.5인 조건에서 용출이 가장 많았던 반면, 용출 시간별 시험에서는 180분 이후까지 Pb가 용출된 후 편형 상태를 유지하였다. 위의 실험 결과로 미루어 현행 식품공전 시험법인 30분 조건에 대한 추후 재검토 연구가 필요하다고 잔단되며, 납이 용출되는 기작은 SEM을 통하띨 확인항 수 있었다. 황동의 경우, 재질줄의 Pb 항량곽용 출량과의 관계를 규명하기 위해 Pb 함략별 10종(0, 0.02, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0-9, 1.7, 5.4, 9.2%)의 시껼를 제작하여 4% 초산, 95'C, 30분에서 시험한 결과, 용출규격인 중금속이 1.Oppm(납으로서) 이하가 되기 위해서는 재질중 허용 Pb 함량은 0.2% 이하가 되어야 했다. 시중에 운통중인 각 재질별 금속제 기구에서 용출되는 유해중금속의 실태를 파악한결과, 황동제의 경우 주로 주물제품의 구이용 불판(양식 스테이크용 포함)으로 20종중 17종인 식풍 공전의 기준 ·규격인 1.OPPm이상의 Pb가 검출되어 85%의 련적합율을 뽀였다. Pb 용출 함량별 분포를 보면 1~10ppin이 15%, 20~100ppmo1 30%, 100~200ppmo1 20%, foo~300ppmol 10%, 300~400ppmo1 5%, 400~500ppr1 이 5%로 10~100ppm 사이의 용출량을 나타내는 제품이 가장 많이 유통되는 것으로 확인 되었다. 그외 Cu7l 0.37~77.85ppm, Zinc가 2.88~221.Oeppm, Fe이 미량 용출되었으며 Cd는 검출되지 않았다. 무꼭는 요즘 구이용 불판으로 사용되고 있는 솥뚜껑r 스테이크용 불판, 솥, 전골냄티, 프라이팬 등을 대상 겋체로 하였다. Fe이 0.S2~5,058 ppin, Cu, Zn 및 Pb등이 미량 검출 되었으며 Sn, Cd은 용출되지 않아 기준 ·규격에 적합한 것으로 판단.되었다. 알루디늄제는 램비 및 주전짜를 대상 검체로 하였는데 Cu, Zn, Sn, 및 Pb 등이 식품공전의 기준 · 규격의 IPPU내로 미량 검출되엇으며 Cd은 검출되지 않아 역시 기준·규격에 적합하다는 걸론을 얻었다. The migration of trace elements, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn from metallie food-contactutensiles was investigated. All samples used in this work were grills, cooking pots, kettles, frying pansand bowls made of brass(20 samples), iron(17 samples) , aluminium(10 samples), copper(2 samples),bronze(2 samples) or stainless(2 samples). The migration of metats from brasses was affected by the iai-gration temperature(30, 60, 80 and 95'c ), the simulant pH (2.5, 4.3, 6.0 and 7.0) and the migration tirae(30,90, 180 and 360mia.). T,he amount of Pb migrati,oB was maximum at 95'c with pH 2.5. This study in-dicated that it could be required to reexamine the m igration time as 30 minutes suggested by the KoreaFood Code because the equilibrium of Pb migration was reached at 180 minutes. The mechanism of Pbmigration was investigated with Scanning Electron :Microscope(SEM) and Electron Probe Micro Analya-er(EPMA ). To correlate the relations between the m igration and the content of Pb in brass samples, tinbrass samples having known eontent of Pb(the quaritities of Fb in brass ; 0, 0.02, 0.09, 0,3,0.2, 0.5,0.9,1.4, 5.4 and 9.2% (w/w) ) were tested in the following conditions,4% acetic acid,95·C and 30 minutes. Theresult re?i?seBts that content of Pb in brass samples must be below 0.2% (w/w) to satis(y the 1.0 ppm(as Pb), of forea Food Code. The study was also coBlducted to estimate the migration of harmful metalsin metallic kitchenware made of brass, iron, alumiBium, copper, bronze and stainless. In the case ofbrass samples, the migration of Pb exceeded the 1.0 ppm in 17 among 20 samples with 85% rejectionrate. The pattern of the distribution for Pb migratioB was as followed; 15% : 1~10ppn1; 30% : fO~100ppm; 20% : 100~200ppm; 10% : 200~300ppm, 5% : 300~400ppm; 5% : 400~500ppm, respectivelr,while the content of otller metals detected as Cu 0.3,7~77.85ppm, Zn 2.88~221.Ooppm, Fe trace. Variousiron kitchenwares including sTilts, cooking pots ancl frying pans were also tested. The migration of themetals showed the following result, Fe . 0.52~s.07 ppm; Cu, Zn, Pb : trace; Sn. Cd : not detected.respectively. Aluminium kitchenwares like kettles were tested. There was no significant migration of trace metals, Cu, Zn, Sn, Fe and Pb, meanwhile the migration of Cd in samples made of the aluminium products could not be detected. The results demonstrated that iron and aluminium kitchenwares were suitable for Korea Food Code, however, brass products could provide harmful effect on human health.