인간 재조합 인터루긴-32 면역조절작용에 대한 유세포 분석

이광수,김영관,채정일,심정현,김은미,강형식,김수현,윤도영,명평근 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

Xenotransplantation of porcine organs has the potential to overcome the severe shortage of human tissues and organ available for human transplantation. however, it remains various hurdles for clinical xenotransplantation. In pig and mouse xenotransplantation, porcine xenograft evoke a strong cellular rejection response in immunocompetent host and grafts are destroyed within a week. This cellular immune response could involved both T cells and NK cells. A number of groups have shown that human NK cells can recognize and damage porcine endothelial cells. In addition, human T cells can respond to porcine endothelial cells through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Cellular rejection of porcine tissues requires T cells, particularly CD4^(+) cells. A new cytokine recombinant human interleukin-32α,β(IL-32α,β) has a role innate and acquired immune system. In order to investigate the role of recombinant mouse IL-18 and recombinant human IL-32α,β in xenograft rejection, we transplanted the PK(15) cells to C57BL/6 mice with or without intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse IL-18 or recombinant human IL-32 α,β. It was analyzed the population of NK cell, T cell and B cell in the C57BL/6 mice transplanted with PK(15) cells and recombinant mouse IL-18 or recombinant human IL-32α,β by flow cytometry analysis. As a result, lymph node and thymus of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group were increased to T cell activation population than normal injected groups. CD8^(+) T cells were decreased in lymph node of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected groups. CD4^(+) T cells were increased in lymph node cell of PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group and also, B cell population were increased in lymph node cell and spleen of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group. Therefore, we suggest that recombinant mouse IL-18 and recombinant human IL-32α,β suppress xenograft rejection in cellular xenotransplantation.

Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Shin, Bich Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Deuk-Sik,Kim, Myong Jo,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Springer-Verlag 2012 Experimental brain research Vol.223 No.2

<P>Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100?ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6?h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6?h post-treatment, respectively.</P>

TPA로 유도된 마우스 귀 부종 동물모델에서 소목추출물의 항염증 효과

음원식(Won Sik Eum),이광재(Kwang-Jae Lee),김대원(Dae Won Kim),임순성(Soon Sung Lim),강일준(Il-Jun Kang),박진서(Jinseu Park),최수영(Soo Young Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구를 통하여 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종 염증반응에 대한 소목추출물의 항염증 효능과 기전을 확인하였다. 소목추출물은 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종을 억제하였으며, TPA에 의한 염증관련 단백질인 COX-2 발현 및 cytokine(IL-6, TNF-α 그리고 IL-1β)의 mRNA 발현을 현저히 감소시켰다. 또한 TPA에 의한 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 활성을 억제하였다. 본 연구 결과, 소목추출물은 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 신호전달을 억제함으로서 항염증 효능을 나타내었다. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Caesalpinia sappan L. (CSL) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice. Skin inflammation was detected by immunohistochemistry and the protein and mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed by Western blotting. CSL extracts markedly inhibited the TPA-induced expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, CSL extracts significantly reduced the activation of NF-κB and MAPK. These results suggest that CSL extracts may serve as therapeutic agents against skin diseases related to inflammation.

<i>In vivo</i> genotoxicity evaluation of lung cells from Fischer 344 rats following 28 days of inhalation exposure to MWCNTs, plus 28 days and 90 days post-exposure

Kim, Jin Sik,Sung, Jae Hyuck,Choi, Byung Gil,Ryu, Hyeon Yeol,Song, Kyung Seuk,Shin, Jae Hoon,Lee, Jong Seong,Hwang, Joo Hwan,Lee, Ji Hyun,Lee, Gun Ho,Jeon, Kisoo,Ahn, Kang Ho,Yu, Il Je Informa Healthcare 2014 INHALATION TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.

<P>Despite their useful physico-chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to cause concern over occupational and human health due to their structural similarity to asbestos. Thus, to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on lung cells <I>in vivo</I>, eight-week-old rats were divided into four groups (each group = 25 animals), a fresh air control (0 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), low (0.17 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), middle (0.49 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), and high (0.96 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>) dose group, and exposed to MWCNTs <I>via</I> nose-only inhalation 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 28 days. The count median length and geometric standard deviation for the MWCNTs determined by TEM were 330.18 and 1.72 nm, respectively, and the MWCNT diameters ranged from 10 to 15 nm. Lung cells were isolated from five male and five female rats in each group on day 0, day 28 (only from males) and day 90 following the 28-day exposure. The total number of animals used was 15 male and 10 female rats for each concentration group. To determine the genotoxicity of the MWCNTs, a single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) was conducted on the rat lung cells. As a result of the exposure, the olive tail moments were found to be significantly higher (<I>p</I> < 0.05) in the male and female rats from all the exposed groups when compared with the fresh air control. In addition, the high-dose exposed male and middle and high-dose exposed female rats retained DNA damage, even 90 days post-exposure (<I>p</I> < 0.05). To investigate the mode of genotoxicity, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, TGF- β, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ) were also measured. For the male rats, the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels were significantly higher in the middle (0 days post-exposure) and high- (0 days and 28 days post-exposure) dose groups (<I>p</I> < 0.05). Conversely, the female rats showed no changes in the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels. The inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid did not show any statistically significant difference. Interestingly, the short-length MWCNTs deposited in the lung cells were persistent at 90 days post-exposure. Thus, exposing lung cells to MWCNTs with a short tube length may induce genotoxicity.</P>

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

우리나라 광역자치단체의 Fungibility 가설 검증 : 시계열 자료를 중심으로 The Case of Time-Series Data

강성식,김일태 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회 2003 경제연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 논문은 국고보조금의 지원대상이 되는 사업 가운데 경제개발비를 대상으로 1976년부터 2000년까지 자료를 사용하여 우리나라 광역자치단체의 fungibility 가설을 실증적으로 검증하였다. 가설 검증은 시계열 자료의 확률적 안정성 여부를 검토하는 단위근 검정과 공적분 검정을 실시하여 다중회귀식으로 추정하였다. 본 논문의 실증분석 결과는 서울이외의 광역자치단체에서는 경제개발비에 대한 광역자치단체의 지출행위에서 fungibility 가설을 지지하는 결과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 서울특별시의 경우에만 역 fungibility 가설을 지지하는 것을 보여 주고 있다. 이는 서울을 제외한 광역자치단체는 국고보조금의 수혜와 동반되는 법적 제약에 구속되지 않고 보조금의 일정부분을 자체재원으로 편입시켜 사용하고 있으며 따라서 국고보조금제도의 자원배분기능 이외에도 지방정부간 수평적 소득이전 기능도 수행하고 있다고 해석할 수 있다. This paper presents expenditure function and analyzes the effect on national subsidies expenditure for time-series data , 1976-2000 to test fungibility hypothesis in Korean local government. This paper also estimates the possibility of inverse fungibility : that is, the hypothesis that local governments convert some fraction of their own fungible resources into the provision of public service aided by conditional grants. We assume t h a t local government has no discretion to change local tax rates in the context of utility maximizing model and provide unit root and cointegration test to examine the stationarity of time-series data. The results derived in this paper confirm fungibility hypothesis of economic development expenditure in local governments except Seoul and find the possibility of inverse fungibility in Seoul region. These results imply that the grants provided by central government t o subsidize economic development expenditure are sufficient for local governments to implement the programs, and then local governments can transfer public provision of the programs to some fraction of their own fungible resources.

光州市 환경오염에 관한 조사연구(Ⅳ) : 대기오염 및 소음에 관하여 A study on Air Pollution and Noise Level

류일광,이치영,강영식 광주보건대학 1980 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Air pollution in Gwangju area was examined for 12 months from Jan, 1979 to Dec, 1979. The surveyed area was divided into four; Industrial, Commercial, Residential and Park area. Nine surveying sites which were representing the characteristics of each area were selected. The measuring methods were; the Lead dioxide cylinder method for Sulfur oxides, Triethanolamine plate method for Nitrogen dioxid, Deposit Gauge method for Dustfalls, and the RION noise meter for Noise Level. The results we obtained are as follows. 1. Sulfuroxides The mean of Sulfur oxides was 3.530㎎ SO₃/day/100㎠/PbO₂, ranging from 2.206 to 4.94㎎SO₃/day/100㎠. The mean value of Sulfur oxides was 3.539㎎-SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Residential area, 4.217㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Commercial area, 3.724㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Industrial area, and 2.643 ㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Park area, respectively. 2. Nitrogen Dioxides The mean value of Nitrogen dioxides .was 41.388㎍NO₂/day/100㎠, ranging from 25.275 to 59.753 ㎍ NO₂/day/100㎠. At Commercial area whene the value was the highest, the range of Nitrogen dioxides level was 17.31∼116.87㎍NO₂/day/100㎠. 3. Dustfalls. The mean value of Dustfalls was 40.60 ton/㎢/month, ranging from 24.29∼56.86 ton/㎢/month. The Dustfalls for Residential area was higher than any other area. 4. Noise The mean value of noise level was 63 dB(A), ranging from 40 to 79 dB(A). The Noise of 70.5 dB(A), at Commercial area was higher than any other area.

Cadmium Sulfate가 肝組織에 미치는 影響에 관한 形態學的 硏究

윤강호,박경란,김수일,노승무,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Cadmium is well known toxic heavy metal which has been related with various pathologic conditions of liver, kindney, testis, cardiovascular system and central nervous system etc.. In this experiment, cadmium sulfate (1.2mg/100gm b.w.) was given intravenously into the mouse (Balb - C, b. w. 20 - 25gm) via tail vein for the study on morphological changes of liver. On the 8hours, 16hours and 24hours after administration, mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, liver was removed, then, a part of liver was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, processed routinely, stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and observed under light microscope. Otherwise, the remainder portion of liver tissue was prefixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution, postfixed in the 1% osmium tetraoxide solution, embedded with Epon 840, and observed under transmission electron microscope(H-7000, Hitachi Co.). The results obtained were as followings ; 1. On light microscopic observation, hemorrhagic necrosis at the zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ with congestion of hepatic lobules were found. 2. On transmission electron microscopic observation, cisternal dilation of RER & SER, autophagic vacuoles, myelin figures, and certain electron dense materials within the hepatocytes were found. Although this observations were limited in mice, the above findings of its acute effects on liver morphology will serve morphological basis for the better understanding of toxic effects on liver after chronic exposure or multiple interactions with other toxic substances.

地方自治 實施以後의 福祉行政傳達體系의 變化와 合理的 方案에 관한 硏究

전일주,안강식 진주산업대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The welfare service delivery system in Korea has been centralized in top-down style. The functions of welfare have been dispersed with the central public administration organizations as well as the Ministry of Health and Welfare. And then the welfare service delivery system has not been specialized because of human and organizational factors within the bureaucracy. But I thought the local autonomy, especially the direct election of the heads of local government would have incurred the change of welfare service delivery system. However I didn't discover any other change except the change of the name of the local and central welfare organizations. For that reason, I scrutinize the various models, which are composed of two determinants(One is the degree of independence of welfare function from the local autonomous entity, the other is whether or not of the seperation of health and welfare function). Among these models, I recommend the ministry of health and welfare -the bureau of health and welfare- the office of health and welfare model(model6). This model has the advantages of the specilization of welfare administration, the cordination among welfare service organizations, the integration of services, and the participation of clients. These strengths are in accord with the ideas of local autonomy. The contents are as follows: Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Theoretical background of welfare service delivery system Ⅲ. Present condition and problems Ⅳ. Rational alternative of welfare service delivery system Ⅴ. Conclusion

2% Dorzolamide 점안액을 사용한 녹내장환자에서의 안압 변화 : A Clinical Study

김창식,조항진,이강일 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.2

2% dorzolamide solution (Trusopt ^TM) is commercially available recently, and we applied this new agent to glaucoma patients to assess the effect on the korean glaucoma patients. We prescribed 2% dorzolamide solution three times a day for the patient who had not shown a significant fluctuation of intraocular pressure (IOP) under the same regimen at least 4 weeks interval. We assessed the IOP of the 30 eyes of 18 patients before and 4 weeks and 8 weeks after initiation of this agent retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups ; group 1 composed of 3 eyes of 2 patients who had not used any ocular hypotensive drugs before this study. Group 2 was composed of the patients who had used more than 1 ocular hypotensive solutions, and 2% dorzolamide was added to their regimen. Patients who had used more than 1 ocular hypotensive agents including oral acetazolamide was classified as group 3, and one of their regimen was substituted to 2% dorsolamide solution. The mean IOP of group 1 was decreased by 27.3% at 4 weeks and 21.6% at 8 weeks after initiation of new drug. In group 2, there was an additional decrement of mean IOP by 19.0% at 4 week and 23.6% at 8 weeks. And in group 3, there was a decrement of mean IOP by 19.4% at 4 weeks and 20.9% at 8 weeks for the 3 eyes for which we substituted pilocarpine solution with dorzloamide. In the 4 eyes to which we exchanged beta-blockers with dorzolamide, the IOP decreased slightly by 9.9 and 6.3% respectively. In the 11 eyes for which we discontinued acetazolamide and used dorzolamide, the IOP was decreased by 7.1% at 4 weeks, but the IOP was increased by 13.0% at 8 weeks after substitution. Although we need more long term study with more large numbers of subjects, from the above result we can expect hypotensive effect when we use this drug as a single regimen, and additional hypotensive effect when we add this solution to other regimen. And this drug may substitute pilocarpine or beta-blocker effectively, but we should be careful when we are trying to replace the acetazolamide with dorzolamide.