Effects of Induced Abortion and Son Preference on the Imbalance of Sex Ratio in Korea

Nam-Hoon Cho(趙南勳),Moon-Sik Hong(洪文植),Il-Hyun Kim(金日炫) 한국인구학회 1994 한국인구학 Vol.17 No.2

Despite the fact that the national family planning program in korea has accomplished its primary goals of fertility reduction and universal contraceptive use, the induced abortion is still high and there has been an increasing trend in the population sex ratio at birth. It seems that the changes in the imbalance of sex ratio have originated from traditonal boy preference. This indicates that much of the current family planning program can be overhauled, so that the program quality could be better controlled, by preventing the number of unwanted pregnancies and the imbalance of sex ratios. This paper aims, therefore, to examine the determinants of induced abortion through the investigation of pregnancy outcomes and their changes over time and to study the interaction between induced abortion, boy preference and the imbalance of sex ratio in Korea. The abortion rate had increased rapidly until the mid─1980s when there were about the same number of abortions as live births. Thereafter, the abortion rate has been maintained at this high level. By parity it shows a much higher abortion rate for a higher parity at all time. From the first parity, the sex composition of previous children stands out as the most important factor in deciding the pregnancy outcome at all time. The probability of a pregnancy ending in an abortion increases substantially when parents already had a son. The decline of the desired family size and the sustained strong son preference has made the sex of children a more important factor in the determination of the pregnancy outcome. Women's education has had consistently positive effects on the probability of a pregnancy ending in an abortion, but the effect shows a steady decline over time. The premarital pregnancy and urban residence also increase the abortion probability. This study suggests that the main concerns of the family planning program should be to strengthen the social support policies so as to weaken the son preference value leading to a balanced sex ratio and prevention of induced abortions.

'후지' 사과즙을 첨가한 반죽 및 식빵의 품질 특성

차승현,신나리,안혜미,유도일,김대일,현태경,장금일,Cha, Seung-Hyeon,Shin, Na-ri,An, Hye-mi,Yoo, Do-Il,Kim, Dae-Il,Hyun, Tae Kyung,Jang, Keum-Il 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

In this study, bread was prepared using various amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, and quality and antioxidant properties investigated. Bread was prepared with water, butter, yeast, salt, sugar, wheat flour, skim milk powder and 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) 'Fuji' apple juice. Leavening ability and pH of dough were also investigated. Volume, pH, specific volume, baking-loss rate, chromaticity and texture were investigated as quality properties, whereas the total polyphenol content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity as the antioxidant properties of bread containing various amount of apple juice. The pH and leavening ability of dough were observed to decrease with increasing amount of apple juice. In the quality properties of bread, pH, volume, specific volume, and baking-loss rate decreased. Regarding chromaticity and texture of bread prepared with increasing amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, L (bright) values at crust and crumb of bread decreased, while hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased. Total polyphenol content increased with increasing amount of apple juice, while DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed no significant differences. Consequently, these results support the possible use of apple juice for baking foods in food industry, as addition of apple juice enhances the quality and antioxidant properties of bread.

탈피대두로 제조한 두부의 품질 및 기능 특성

한인범(In-Beom Han),차승현(Seung-Hyeon Cha),정의환(Ui-Hwan Jung),현태경(Tae Kyung Hyun),김선웅(Seon-woong Kim),김순환(Soon-Hwan Kim),하진석(Jin-Seok Ha),장금일(Keum-Il Jang) 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.49 No.11

본 연구에서는 탈피대두를 이용하여 제조한 두부의 품질 및 기능 특성에 대하여 일반대두로 제조한 두부와 상호 비교 분석하였다. 대두의 수분흡수효율을 상호 비교하기 위해 탈피대두와 일반대두의 침지 공정 중 무게증가율을 분석한 결과, 탈피대두가 일반대두보다 무게증가율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 두부는 12시간 침지한 일반대두 두부(TOS12)와 4, 8, 12시간 침지한 탈피대두 두부(각각 TDS4, TDS8, TDS12)를 이용하여 동일한 조건으로 제조하여 분석했는데, 두부종류 간 일반성분과 총 식이섬유 함량은 전반적으로 유사하였다. 침지 시간을 3배 단축하여 제조한 TDS4와 TOS12를 비교해볼 때 TDS4의 비지량은 감소하였고, 수율, 색도, 조직감, 항산화 특성, 이소플라본 함량, 관능 특성이 유사하게 나타났다. TDS4, TDS8, TDS12에서 경도와 씹힘성은 기능 특성과 음(-)의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 수율과 비지량은 기능 특성과 양(+)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 두부 제조공정에서 탈피대두를 이용함으로써 침지 시간 단축으로 신속한 두부의 제조 가능성을 확인하여 부가가치 향상을 위한 정보를 제공하였다고 생각된다. In this study, tofu with dehulled soybean (TDS) was prepared, and its quality and functional characteristics were investigated. The weight increase rate was analyzed to compare the water absorption efficiency of the original and dehulled soybeans. The weight of the dehulled soybeans increased more quickly after soaking than that of the original soybeans. The control tofu was prepared with the original soybeans soaked for 12 hours (TOS12), and tofu was prepared with dehulled soybeans soaked for 4 (TDS4), 8 (TDS8), and 12 (TDS12) hours. The proximate compositions and total dietary fiber content of all four tofus were similar. Although the soaking time with TDS4 was reduced three-fold, the yield, chromaticity, texture (hardness and chewiness), and antioxidant properties of TDS4 were similar to those of TOS12. The Biji weight of all three TDSs was lower than that of TOS12. Moreover, the total isoflavone content of TOS12 was the lowest. In the sensory tests, the color, taste, flavor, softness, and overall preference of all three tofus were similar to those of TOS12. These results suggest that the use of dehulled soybeans adds value to tofu because the quality characteristics of the TDS were similar to those of the control despite the reduced soaking time.

탈피대두를 이용한 신속 두유 제조 및 품질 특성

김진솔,한인범,정의환,차승현,현태경,김순환,하진석,장금일,Kim, Jin-Sol,Han, In-Bom,Jung, Ui-Hwan,Cha, Seung-Hyeon,Hyun, Tae Kyung,Kim, Soon-Hwan,Ha, Jin-Seok,Jang, Keum-Il 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of dehulled soybean (DHSB), and the rapid preparation possibility of soybean milk with DHSB (SM-DHSB), and then the quality of SM-DHSB. In DHSB, the moisture content decreased, the crude protein, crude fat, minerals, and carbohydrate contents increased, and the isoflavone (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) content was similar to that of soybean (SB). The water absorption rate of DHSB for soybean milk preparation was higher than that of SB. In the results of SM-DHSB and soybean milk (SM) qualities, the crude protein content, total solid content, and the viscosity of SM-DHSB were higher, the yield and the proximate composition (except crude protein) were similar, and the Biji production rate, and total dietary fiber content of SM-DHSB were lower compared to the SM. In terms of the isoflavone contents of SM-DHSB, daidzein and genistein content were similar, and glycitein content was lower compared with the SM. Consequently, these results suggest the possible use of DHSB for rapid SM-DHSB preparation, because the soaking time was decreased by the high water absorption rate of DHSB in the SM preparation, and the quality of SM-DHSB improved compared to those of the SM.

‘후지’ 사과박 분말 함유 머핀의 품질 및 항산화 특성

김영경(Young Kyung Kim),정샘이(Saem-Lee Jeong),차승현(Seung-Hyeon Cha),이정윤(Jeong-Youn Yi),김대일(Dae-Il Kim),유도일(Do-Il Yoo),현태경(Tae Kyung Hyun),장금일(Keum-Il Jang) 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

본 연구에서는 ‘후지’ 사과박을 첨가하여 제조한 머핀의 품질 및 항산화 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 머핀에 밀가루 대신 사과박을 첨가함으로써 밀가루 함량이 적어져 글루텐 형성이 약화하면서 머핀의 높이, 굽기손실률, 부피 및 비용적이 감소하였고, 사과박에 함유된 유기산 및 phytochemicals에 의해 pH는 감소하였다. 그리고 머핀의 색도는 사과박 고유의 색에 영향을 받아 사과박 함량이 증가할수록 적갈색이 진해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 사과박 첨가 머핀의 조직감에서 사과박 함량이 증가할수록 밀가루의 글루텐 형성이 약화하여 가스 포집 능력이 저하되면서 부피가 감소하고 밀도가 증가해 경도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 사과박 첨가에 따른 머핀의 총 폴리페놀 함량과 ABTS 라디칼 소거능 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 증가하여 머핀의 항산화 성분 및 효능이 향상되었고, 총 식이섬유 함량도 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 ‘후지’ 사과박 첨가 머핀의 높이, pH 및 색도는 머핀의 항산화 특성과 음(-)의 상관관계를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사과박을 밀가루 대신 첨가함으로써 머핀의 품질 및 항산화 특성을 향상함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 제빵 분야에서 밀가루 대체 소재로서 사과박의 이용 가능성 및 부가가치 향상을 위한 정보를 제시하였다. Muffins were prepared with various amounts of ‘Fuji’ apple pomace powder, and the quality and antioxidant properties of the muffins were investigated. The muffins were prepared with sugar, butter, eggs, milk, wheat flour, and 5, 10 and 15% (w/w) ‘Fuji’ apple pomace powder. The height, pH, volume, specific volume, baking loss rate, texture, and chromaticity, as quality properties; and the total polyphenol content, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, as the antioxidant properties of muffin containing various amounts of apple pomace powder were investigated. First, in the quality properties, the height and pH of the muffin decreased significantly with increasing amount of apple pomace powder (P<0.05). Regarding the texture and chromaticity of muffins prepared with increasing amounts of ‘Fuji’ apple pomace powder, the hardness and L (bright) and b (yellow) values decreased, whereas the cohesiveness and a (red) value increased (P<0.05). The total polyphenol content, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, and total dietary fiber content increased with increasing amount of apple pomace powder (P<0.05). These results support the possible use of apple pomace powder as baking foods in the food industry because the addition of apple pomace powder enhances the quality and antioxidant properties of muffin, and provides better information for improving the benefits of apple pomace.