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근대언론을 통해 본 청말 해외유람기의 상업화(商業化)와 정론화(政論化) ― 왕도(王韜)와 량계초(梁啓超)를 중심으로
김화진 ( Kim¸ Hwajin ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.73
As the Qing Dynasty began to weaken from the early 19th century, the Western powers began to infiltrate into China again, and various Western cultural systems also flowed into China in earnest, one of which was media culture. Westerners published newspapers and magazines in foreign languages in China between 1858 and 1894. This was aimed at Westerners in China, but it also has a significant impact on the formation of modern Chinese media. Western media culture has set the stage for a new presentation of modern overseas abandonment. Twenty years after returning home from a trip to Europe, Wang Tao (王韜) posted ≪Manyousuilu (漫遊隨錄)≫, a travelogue in the form of a combination of writings and paintings, on ≪DianshizhaiHuabao (點石齋畫報)≫, an annex to ≪Shenbao (申報)≫. Through this, Wang Tao was able to more actively spread his political reform ideology, in addition to introducing new and eccentric Western objects. Liang Qichao (梁啓超) sought to bring about a more practical enlightenment effect for the nation and its people through the ≪Xindalu Youji (新大陸遊記)≫ and the late Qing Dynasty media for the realization of a “power” in the public sector.
김주영 소설에 나타난 ‘숙맥’의 서사와 현실탐색 - 1970년대 단편소설을 중심으로 -
이화진 ( Lee¸ Hwa-jin ) 반교어문학회 2020 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.56
이 글은 김주영의 1970년대 단편소설을 중심으로 숙맥형 인물의 특성을 분석한 논문이다. 김주영은 초기 작품에서 현실판단이 부족하고 무지한 인물인 숙맥형 인간을 등장시켜, 1970년대 사회문제를 탐색해 왔다. 숙맥에는 병신, 머저리, 건달 등 다양한 외형을 지닌 인물이 있지만 김주영 소설에 주로 언급되는 것은 머저리형 숙맥과 건달형 숙맥이다. 머저리형 숙맥이 순진성과 촌놈성을 기반으로 한 존재라면, 건달형 숙맥은 충동적 폭력성과 사기꾼의 기질을 지닌 존재이다. 전자가 개인의 무지로 인해 욕망이 좌절되었다면, 후자는 공적 세계의 카르텔에 의해 패배한 인물이다. 둘 모두 현실에서 패배한 요인이 불평등한 사회구조를 인식하지 못하는 숙맥이라는 점은 ‘웃음의 역동성’을 통해 비극미를 완성하고자 하는 작가의 의도로 보인다. 숙맥의 서사에서 보이는 현실은 ‘시선’과 ‘소문’, ‘훔쳐보기’ 등 간접적인 ‘엿보기’ 전략을 통해 포착되고 있다. 곧 숙맥의 어리숙함은 어설픈 ‘시선’으로 세속적 욕망을 폭로하였으며, ‘소문’을 통해 은폐된 권력담론을 노출시키고, ‘훔쳐보기’를 통해 부끄러운 자의식을 탐색하였던 것이다. “누벨바그의 주목할 작가”라는 평가에서 보듯이, 김주영은 문제적인 담론을 가장 평이하면서도 낯설게 재생산해 냄으로써 1970년대의 소설에서 반동성을 도출하고, 리얼리티를 이루어낸 작가라고 할 것이다. This paper presents an analysis of characteristics of simpleton-type characters in Kim Ju-yeong's short stories in the 1970s. In many of his works, Kim made an inquiry into the social issues of the 1970s by using simpletons that lacked in the judgment of reality and were ignorant. There are various forms of simpletons including wusses, morons, and loons, but moron- and loon-type simpletons are usually mentioned. While the former are based on naivety and hillbilly, the latter have impulsive violence and swindler disposition. While the former have their desire frustrated due to their personal ignorance, the latter lose a battle to the cartel of the public world. Both of them cause "laughs" in that they are simpletons that can not recognize the unequal social structure. The reality displayed in the narratives of simpletons is captured through "peeping" including 'gaze," "rumor" and "peeking." Simpletons with their foolishness disclose secular desire through awkward "gaze," expose the hidden power discourse through "rumors" and embodied a shameful inside through "peeking." As indicated in his assessment as a "Nouvelle Vague writer" by Kim Byeong-ik, Kim Ju-yeong reproduced problematic discourses in the easiest and most unfamiliar manner, thus inducing reactionism in his novels in the 1970s and achieving reality.
Analysis of the Bicycle-Sharing Economy : Strategic Issues for Sustainable Development of Society
Hwajin Kim,조윤정 한국유통과학회 2018 유통과학연구 Vol.16 No.7
Purpose - This study posits that sustainable mobility of the sharing economy plays a key role to consider environment benefits. The purpose of this study is to investigate the bicycle-sharing economy as an emerging and alternative mode of transportation service and provide managerial and policy implications. The bicycle-sharing economy is still at an early stage of introduction as a transportation mode, while the governmental sector is promoting public bicycle-sharing to encourage bicycle as a substitute for private cars. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the current status of bicycle sharing programs through a survey that was distributed randomly to users and non-users across the country. Using factor analysis, satisfaction and loyalty for the existing users and intention to use and expected satisfaction for the potential users were examined in relation to utility factors. Results – The results show that economic utility affects satisfaction for user, while storage, mobility, and economic utility affects intention to use for potential users. The findings of this study indicate that in order to promote a bicycle-sharing scheme, it would be better to focus on the scheme’s economic advantage to be truly effective. Conclusions - The findings of the study could be applicable to future directions of the sharing economy as a means to achieve the sustainable development of society.