Controls on Microbial Activity in Chromium Contaminated Abandoned Agricultural Soils: A Case Study of Kasur, Pakistan

Muhammad Riaz,Rabia Parveen,Muhammad Saleem Arif,Mehnaz Roohi,Shermeen Tahir,Muhammad Atif Riaz,Muhammad Ibrahim,Sabir Hussain,Shafaqat Ali,Tahira Yasmeen,Tanvir Shahzad,Leon Van Den Berg,Farhat Abbas 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Selection and Optimization of Silane Coupling Agents to Develop Durable Functional Cotton Fabrics Using TiO2 Nanoparticles

S. Riaz,M. Ashraf,T. Hussain,M. T. Hussain,A. Younus,M. Raza,A. Nosheen 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.1

In recent years there is progressive research conducted on modification of textile and nanoparticles for long-lastingperformances without compromising the sensorial and non-sensorial comfort. The appropriate finishing treatment of textile isof great concern to impart comfort along with durable multifunctional characters. The main objective of this study was toachieve the durable functionality without compromising the comfort and physical properties of cotton fabric. TiO2nanoparticles have been modified with two different silane coupling agents such as (3-Glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane(GPTS) and 1,2-Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) using different concentrations. The modified nanoparticles werecharacterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to confirm the modification and fixing of chemicals at the surface. Modified nanoparticleswere applied on textile by pad-dry-cure method. The treated cotton fabrics were washed to confirm the adhesion ofnanoparticles after several washing cycles. The durable ultraviolet (UV) blocking capabilities were analyzed before and afterwashing. Then, comfort properties were evaluated and compared to made selection of best silane coupling agent havingminimum effect on inherent properties of cotton textiles.

Comparative study of enhanced catalytic properties of clay-derived SiO2 catalysts for biodiesel production from waste chicken fat

Riaz Iqra,Qamar Obaid Ali,Jamil Farrukh,Hussain Murid,Inayat Abrar,Rocha-Meneses Lisandra,Akhter Parveen,Musaddiq Sara,Karim Muhammad Ramzan Abdul,박영권 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.11

The use of biodiesel is a proactive measure that can be implemented to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts. However, one of the major setbacks to biodiesel production is its relatively higher cost compared to petroleum diesel. The optimistic solution to this is valorization of biomasses like waste chicken fat (WCF) and clay for deriving non-edible oil and catalyst respectively. Herein, we report the synthesis of clay derived SiO2 catalyst impregnated with SrO, Bi2O3, CuO and CaO. The developed catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. XRD studies confirmed the successful impregnation of active metallic oxide on SiO2 support. Further, these catalysts were employed for biodiesel production from WCF, and SrO/SiO2 was found to be most effective and efficient catalyst for biodiesel production from WCF. Hence, SrO/SiO2 was adapted to optimize the different transesterification reaction parameters such as methanol to oil ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and time. The optimized conditions for maximum biodiesel yield 98.9% were found to be 65 °C in 1 h with 12:1 methanol to oil ratio and 1 wt% catalyst loading. The biodiesel produced was also analyzed by GC-MS. The obtained biodiesel yield shows that clay can be a potential, and cost-effective, catalyst source to produce biodiesel from WCF.

Significance of operating pressure on process intensification in a distillation with side-reactor configuration

Hussain, Arif,Chaniago, Yus Donald,Riaz, Amjad,Lee, Moonyong Elsevier 2019 Separation and purification technology Vol.213 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Distillation with side-reactor (SRC) has already established its potential for understanding the energetic and economic performances of chemical processes. This study assesses the impact of operating pressure on reaction performances and overall economics in the SRC design. In conventional distillation operation, pressure is adjusted such that it permits the use of less expensive cooling water (318 K) in the condenser. However, the pressure of the nonreactive distillation column coupled to a side-reactor should be more carefully managed to obtain the process-intensification potential benefits. In the SRC design, the feed to the side-reactor is withdrawn from the column trays where the reactants are more abundant. Higher column pressure requires a more expensive heat source for the column base and causes temperature rise on the column trays. Depending on the kinetic parameters of the reaction, the pressure of the column can be adjusted to improve the conversion, selectivity, yield, and overall economics of the chemical process in an SRC design. A foremost trade-off between the operating pressure and reactor size/catalyst/heat load is demonstrated through three industrial-chemical processes. The outcome of this study affirmed the importance of understanding the impact, on process intensification, of selecting the appropriate operating pressure during the SRC conceptual design.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effect of operating pressure on process intensification in SRC design was studied. </LI> <LI> The dependence of side-reactor volume/catalyst weight/heat duty on pressure was studied. </LI> <LI> Three real chemical processes were simulated to analyze the results. </LI> <LI> Optimal design of SRC configurations was obtained by optimizing pressure. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Design trade-offs in a column with side-reactor configuration for improving selectivity in multiple reaction systems

Hussain, Arif,Riaz, Amjad,Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul,Lee, Moonyong Elsevier 2018 Chemical engineering and processing Vol.134 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The configuration of columns with side-reactors (SRC) can effectively enhance the performance of reaction–separation processes, particularly where the operational limitations of conventional multifunctional reactors, such as reactive distillation systems, negate the overall benefits. Industrial manufacturing processes often use multiple reaction schemes that result in both desired and undesired products. The selectivity and yield of the desired product are usually improved by using large reaction vessels or high recycle flow rates of excess reactant. Therefore, in multiunit chemical processes, the foremost design trade-off is between the reaction vessel volume and the recycle flow rate. In this study, we investigate the competition of these parameters in SRC configurations in achieving specific conversion or yield criteria. Two real chemical processes involving side-reactors of non-reactive distillation columns and recycle streams are considered and their optimal design configurations are detailed. The results affirm the importance of this trade-off and its quantitative analysis to obtain the optimal SRC configuration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Identification of design trade-offs in conceptual design of a side reactor configuration (SRC). </LI> <LI> Larger recycles improve selectivities/yields at the expense of energy cost. </LI> <LI> Large reaction vessels improve selectivities/yields at the expense of capital cost. </LI> <LI> Optimal design of SRC configuration requires consideration of both capital and energy cost. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Design method for the feasibility and technical evaluation of side-reactor column configurations

Hussain, Arif,Chaniago, Yus Donald,Riaz, Amjad,Lee, Moonyong ELSEVIER 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING Vol.144 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A distillation column with side-reactor column (SRC) configuration is recommended for intensifying the conventional chemical processes in which traditional process intensification (PI) techniques negate the overall economic benefits owing to operational and technical constraints. Existing methods, however, lack systematic approaches to quickly identify whether PI using SRC design is a viable alternative, and therefore requires extensive simulation studies to verify its technical feasibility. This paper presents guidelines that quickly provide insights into the applicability of SRC to a wide range of conventional or reactive distillation (RD) processes. The reported applicability of SRC to three chemical processes clearly demonstrates the reliability of the projected framework. This paper also summarizes basic design parameters to maximize PI benefits from a practical point of view, while considering the applicability of SRC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Side reactor column (SRC) as process intensification (PI) of reactor and distillation column are studied. </LI> <LI> Guidelines that quickly provide insights into the applicability of SRC to a wide range of reactive distillation (RD). </LI> <LI> Detail on basic design parameters to maximize PI benefits from a practical point of view and the applicability of SRC. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Process Design Alternatives for Producing Ultra-high-purity Electronic-Grade Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate

Hussain, Arif,Chaniago, Yus Donald,Riaz, Amjad,Lee, Moonyong American Chemical Society 2019 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.58 No.6

<P>Ultra-high-purity propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) is required as a solvent to meet the stringent requirements of the electronic-grade semiconductor industry. Here, a comparative study of two process intensification configurations-a coupling reaction and separation in the transesterification route for PGMEA production-is presented. Reactive distillation (RD), despite being technically feasible for the transesterification reaction, poses severe challenges owing to its operational/design limitations. For instance, the homogeneous catalyst sodium methoxide is insoluble in the reaction mixture and deposited on the reactive packing surface of the RD column. An intensified configuration of the side-reactor column (SRC) configuration is analyzed as an alternative to mitigate the operational limitations of RD. An economic evaluation is conducted for both configurations, showing that the SRC configuration can match the performance of an RD column with only a 5% increase in total annual cost.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Spin polarization and magneto-dielectric coupling in Al-modified thin iron oxide films -microwave mediated sol-gel approach

Sidra Khalid,Saira Riaz,Samia Naeem,Aseya Akbar,S. Sajjad Hussain,YB Xu,Shahzad Naseem 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.103 No.-

Production of single-phase materials with multifunctional properties is still a challenge faced by materialscientists. In addition, obtaining high spin polarization efficiency in the materials that exhibit multifunctionalproperties is a big issue. A novel approach is suggested in this work for obtaining multifunctionalityand spin polarization in the same material. This approach has combined the effect of microwave radiationsand aluminum (Al) doping in iron oxide thin films during synthesis. Combined effect of microwaveradiations and Al doping results in controlling / tuning the structural transitions in iron oxide thin films. Pristine and 2–10 wt% Al doped iron oxide thin films are prepared and studied in detail. Raman analysisshows that 2 and 4 wt% Al concentration results in c-Fe2O3 + Fe3O4 phase with 71.3% and 64.5% of c-Fe2O3content, respectively. XRD and Raman analyses confirm the transition from c-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 thin films atAl concentrations of 6–10 wt%. Structural transformation shows that microwave radiations catalyzes thatAl3+ions to occupy the vacancies on B sites of iron oxide thus, lead to the formation of Fe3O4. Observationof Verwey transition ~ 126 K also supports the transition in phases of iron oxide with increase in saturationmagnetization from 251.3emu/cm3 (pristine films) to 405.6emu/cm3 (8 wt% Al concentration). Highdielectric constant of ~ 135.5 (log f = 5.0) is observed for 8 wt% Al concentration. Conductivity anddetailed impedance & modulus analyses depict Mott’s hopping phenomenon along with presence of differentrelaxation times. Coupling between magnetic and dielectric properties is observed at room temperature. Magnetoresistance curves indicate spin polarization efficiency of ~24%.

Enhancement in the Photovoltaic Properties of Hole Transport Materials by End-Capped Donor Modifications for Solar Cell Applications

Muhammad Yasir Mehboob,Riaz Hussain,Zobia Irshad,Muhammad Adnan 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.4

Efficient hole transport materials for solar cell applications are gained huge intension of every scientist. Hole transport materials play a dominant role in solar cells as they provide high power conversion efficiency along with low cost, less toxic, and easy synthesis routs. Motivates from valuable literature, here efforts are being made to designed new novel hole transport materials for solar cell applications. Five new and highly efficient hole transport molecules (BT1–BT5) are designed after end-capped donor modifications of recently synthesized B3 (R) molecule. The photovoltaic, optoelectronic, and structural-property relationship of all designed molecules are extensively studied while using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) basis set. Low reorganizational energy of hole is observed in all designed molecules as compared to reference molecule which suggested that designed molecules have high hole mobility as compared to R molecule. Red-shifting in absorption spectrum of designed molecules (as compared to reference molecule) is also seen which offer high power conversion efficiency and high excited highest occupied molecular orbital to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital charge shifting. Low binding and excitation energies are observed in designed molecules. Molecular electrostatic potential, transition density matrix, hole–electron overlap as heat map, open circuit voltage, density of states, and complex study of BT5:PC61BM is also performed for all studied molecule. After all analysis, we believed that our theoretical designed molecules are superior to R molecule, thus we recommend these molecules to experimentalist for future development of highly-efficient solar cells.

Study of quantitative structure properties and their relationship for Silicate network via degree-based topological descriptors and M-polynomial

Muhammad Kamran,Nadeem Salamat,Sidra Ramzan,Riaz Hussain Khan,Zeeshan Anwar 장전수학회 2023 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.26 No.4

Study of quantitative structure properties and their relationship for Silicate networkvia degree-based topological descriptors and M-polynomial