Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia of the Breast on Core Needle Biopsy: Risk of Malignant Upgrade on Surgical Excision

Tiffany Sin Hui Bong,Jun Kiat Thaddaeus Tan,Juliana Teng Swan Ho,Puay Hoon Tan,Wing Sze Lau,Tuan Meng Tan,Jill Su Lin Wong,Veronique Kiak Mien Tan,Benita Kiat Tee Tan,Preetha Madhukumar,Wei Sean Yong 한국유방암학회 2022 Journal of breast cancer Vol.25 No.1

Purpose This study identified factors predicting malignant upgrade for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) diagnosed on core-needle biopsy (CNB) and developed a nomogram to facilitate evidence-based decision making. Methods This retrospective analysis included women diagnosed with ADH at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) in 2010–2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify clinical, radiological, and histological factors associated with malignant upgrade. A nomogram was constructed using variables with the strongest associations in multivariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression coefficients were used to estimate the predicted probability of upgrade for each factor combination. Results Between 2010 and 2015, 238,122 women underwent mammographic screening under the National Breast Cancer Screening Program. Among 29,564 women recalled, 5,971 CNBs were performed. Of these, 2,876 underwent CNBs at NCCS, with 88 patients (90 lesions) diagnosed with ADH and 26 lesions upgraded to breast malignancy on excision biopsy. In univariate analysis, factors associated with malignant upgrade were the presence of a mass on ultrasound (p = 0.018) or mammography (p = 0.026), microcalcifications (p = 0.047), diffuse microcalcification distribution (p = 0.034), mammographic parenchymal density (p = 0.008). and ≥ 3 separate ADH foci found on biopsy (p = 0.024). Mammographic parenchymal density (hazard ratio [HR], 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.005–0.35; p = 0.014), presence of a mass on ultrasound (HR, 10.50; 95% CI, 9.21–25.2; p = 0.010), and number of ADH foci (HR, 1.877; 95% CI, 1.831–1.920; p = 0.002) remained significant in multivariate analysis and were included in the nomogram. Conclusion Our model provided good discrimination of breast cancer risk prediction (C-statistic of 0.81; 95% CI, 0.74–0.88) and selected for a subset of women at low risk (2.1%) of malignant upgrade, who may avoid surgical excision following a CNB diagnosis of ADH.

Diversity of Bovine Rumen Methanogens In Vitro in the Presence of Condensed Tannins, as Determined by Sequence Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Library

Hui Yin Tan,Chin Chin Sieo,Chin Mei Lee,Norhani Abdullah,Juan Boo Liang,Yin Wan Ho 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.3

Molecular diversity of rumen archaeal populations from bovine rumen fluid incubated with or without condensed tannins was investigated using 16S rRNA gene libraries. The predominant order of rumen archaea in the 16S rRNA gene libraries of the control and condensed tannins treatment was found to belong to a novel group of rumen archaea that is distantly related to the order Thermoplasmatales, with 59.5% (15phylotypes) and 81.43% (21 phylotypes) of the total clones from the control and treatment clone libraries,respectively. The 16S rRNA gene library of the control was found to have higher proportions of methanogens from the orders Methanomicrobiales (32%) and Methanobacteriales (8.5%) as compared to those found in the condensed tannins treatment clone library in both orders (16.88% and 1.68% respectively). The phylotype distributed in the order Methanosarcinales was only found in the control clone library. The study indicated that condensed tannins could alter the diversity of bovine rumen methanogens.

Dynamic Causal Chain of Money , Output , Interest Rate and Prices in Malaysia : Evidence Based on Vector Error - correction Modelling Analysis

Tan, Hui Boon,Baharumshah, Ahmad Zubaidi 한국국제경제학회 1999 International Economic Journal Vol.13 No.1

Inhibition of ERK and Activation of p38 are Involved in Diallyl Disulfide Induced Apoptosis of Leukemia HL-60 Cells

Tan, Hui,Ling, Hui,He, Jie,Yi, Lan,Zhou, Jianguo,Lin, Min,Su, Qi 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.6

We investigated the effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on the induction of apoptosis in human Leukemia cell line HL-60 and explored the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK and p38 MAPK) pathways in the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by DADS. MTT assay was used to determine the DADS induced cell growth inhibition in HL-60 cells. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation were used to examine the roles of apoptosis in DADS-mediated cell death. Western blot analysis of the expression of phospho-MAPKs (ERK and p38) was employed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of DADS induced apoptosis. We found that growth inhibition of HL-60 cells treated with DADS exhibited a dose-dependent response (P<0.05) and DADS induced significant apoptosis. DADS at the concentration of 10 mg/L persistently activated p38 and simultaneously reduced ERK activity. PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK upstream activators MAPK kinase MKK1 and MKK2, promoted cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HL-60 cells treated with DADS. In contrast, SB203580, an inhibitor of p38, decreased cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by DADS. Therefore, DADS can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human leukemia cell line HL-60. Inhibition of ERK signaling pathways and activation of p38 signaling pathways are likely involved in DADS induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.

Inhibition of ERK and Activation of p38 are Involved in Diallyl Disulfide Induced Apoptosis of Leukemia HL-60 Cells

Hui Tan,Hui Ling,Jie He,Lan Yi,Jianguo Zhou,Min Lin,Qi Su 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.6

We investigated the effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on the induction of apoptosis in human Leukemia cell line HL-60 and explored the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK and p38 MAPK) pathways in the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by DADS. MTT assay was used to determine the DADS induced cell growth inhibition in HL-60 cells. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation were used to examine the roles of apoptosis in DADS-mediated cell death. Western blot analysis of the expression of phospho-MAPKs (ERK and p38) was employed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of DADS induced apoptosis. We found that growth inhibition of HL-60 cells treated with DADS exhibited a dose-dependent response (P<0.05) and DADS induced significant apoptosis. DADS at the concentration of 10 mg/L persistently activated p38 and simultaneously reduced ERK activity. PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK upstream activators MAPK kinase MKK1 and MKK2, promoted cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HL-60 cells treated with DADS. In contrast, SB203580, an inhibitor of p38, decreased cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by DADS. Therefore, DADS can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human leukemia cell line HL-60. Inhibition of ERK signaling pathways and activation of p38 signaling pathways are likely involved in DADS induced apoptosis in HL- 60 cells.

Men’s Health Index: A Pragmatic Approach to Stratifying and Optimizing Men’s Health

Hui Meng Tan,Wei Phin Tan,Jun Hoe Wong,Christopher Chee Kong Ho,Chin Hai Teo,Chirk Jenn Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.11

Purpose: The proposed Men’s Health Index (MHI) aims to provide a practical and systematicframework for comprehensively assessing and stratifying older men with theintention of optimising their health and functional status. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed from 1980to 2012. We specifically looked for instruments which: assess men’s health, frailty andfitness; predict life expectancy, mortality and morbidities. The instruments were assessedby the researchers who then agreed on the tools to be included in the MHI. Whenthere was disagreements, the researchers discussed and reached a consensus guidedby the principle that the MHI could be used in the primary care setting targetting menaged 55-65 years. Results: The instruments chosen include the Charlson’s Combined Comorbidity-AgeIndex; the International Index of Erectile Function-5; the International ProstateSymptom Score; the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male; the Survey of Health, Ageingand Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument; the Sitting-Rising Test; the SeniorFitness Test; the Fitness Assessment Score; and the Depression Anxiety StressScale-21. A pilot test on eight men was carried out and showed that the men’s healthindex is viable. Conclusions: The concept of assessing, stratifying, and optimizing men’s health shouldbe incorporated into routine health care, and this can be implemented by using the MHI. This index is particularly useful to primary care physicians who are in a strategic positionto engage men at the peri-retirement age in a conversation about their life goalsbased on their current and predicted health status.

An Improved Protocol on the Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine Using Ultrasonic Probe Irradiation

Tan, Sian Hui,Chuah, Tse Seng,Chia, Poh Wai Korean Chemical Society 2016 대한화학회지 Vol.60 No.4

An improved protocol on the synthesis of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives are reported. Previously, the thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives were prepared in a two-step procedure. Under the improved procedure, the thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives was readily prepared in a one-step reaction. This procedure was found to be more efficient than the previous protocol and also compared to the ultrasound bath and conventional heating methods in terms of yield and reaction time.

Applying the OMOP Common Data Model to Facilitate Benefit-Risk Assessments of Medicinal Products Using Real-World Data from Singapore and South Korea

Hui Xing Tan,Desmond Chun Hwee Teo,이동윤,김청수,Jing Wei Neo,Cynthia Sung,Haroun Chahed,Pei San Ang,Doreen Su Yin Tan,박래웅,Sreemanee Raaj Dorajoo 대한의료정보학회 2022 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.28 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the benefits of converting Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) to acommon data model (CDM) and to assess the potential of CDM-converted data to rapidly generate insights for benefitriskassessments in post-market regulatory evaluation and decisions. Methods: EMRs from January 2013 to December 2016were mapped onto the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-CDM (OMOP-CDM) schema. Vocabulary mappingswere applied to convert source data values into OMOP-CDM-endorsed terminologies. Existing analytic codes used in a priorOMOP-CDM drug utilization study were modified to conduct an illustrative analysis of oral anticoagulants used for atrialfibrillation in Singapore and South Korea, resembling a typical benefit-risk assessment. A novel visualization is proposed torepresent the comparative effectiveness, safety and utilization of the drugs. Results: Over 90% of records were mapped ontothe OMOP-CDM. The CDM data structures and analytic code templates simplified the querying of data for the analysis. Intotal, 2,419 patients from Singapore and South Korea fulfilled the study criteria, the majority of whom were warfarin users. After 3 months of follow-up, differences in cumulative incidence of bleeding and thromboembolic events were observable viathe proposed visualization, surfacing insights as to the agent of preference in a given clinical setting, which may meaningfullyinform regulatory decision-making. Conclusions: While the structure of the OMOP-CDM and its accessory tools facilitatereal-world data analysis, extending them to fulfil regulatory analytic purposes in the post-market setting, such as benefit-riskassessments, may require layering on additional analytic tools and visualization techniques.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Tan Hui Zhuan,Lee Joycelyn Jie Xin,Choo Chon Jun Jason,Loh Alwin Hwai Liang 대한신장학회 2022 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.41 No.1

Collapse-resistant performance of a single-story frame assembly and multi-story sub-frame under an internal column-removal scenario

Wei-hui Zhong,Zheng Tan,Li-Min Tian,Bao Meng,Yu-hui Zheng,Shi-chao Daun 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.41 No.5

To elucidate the differences in the collapse behavior between a single-story beam-column assembly and multi-story frame, two 1/3-scale two-bay composite frames, including a single-story composite beam–column assembly and a three-story composite sub-frame, were designed and quasi-statically tested. The load–displacement responses, failure modes, and internal force development of the two frames were analyzed and compared in detail. Furthermore, the resistance mechanisms of the two specimens were explored, and the respective contributions of different load-resisting mechanisms to the total resistances were quantitatively separated to gain deeper insights. The experimental tests indicated that Vierendeel action was present in the two-dimensional multi-story frames, which led to an uneven internal force distribution among the three stories. The collapse resistance of TSDWA-3S in the flexural stage was not significantly increased by the structural redundancy provided by the additional story, as compared to that of TSDWA-1S. Although the development of the load response was similar in the two specimens at flexural stage, the collapse mechanisms of the multi-story composite frame were much more complicated than those of the single-story beam–column assembly, and the combined action between stories was critical in determining the internal force redistribution and rebalancing of the remaining structure.