Effect of different concentrations of hypotaurine on melanosis and quality of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) during refrigeration

Zhou, Jiaying,Ying, Yubin,Zhou, Yaqi,Li, Gaoshang,Hu, Yaqin The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2022 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.25 No.4

Effect of different concentrations of hypotaurine (HTU) on melanosis and quality of shrimps during 10 d storage in ice were studied. During refrigeration, the total plate count and total volatile basic nitrogen of shrimps treated with 20 g/L HTU were the lowest, and the hardness and microstructure were the best. Moreover, the score of melanoses, pH and total bile acid of shrimps treated with 20 g/L HTU were also low. Sensory evaluation showed that HTU treatment could make the shelf life of shrimps 3-4 days longer compared with the control. Based on the above physical and chemical indexes, 20 g/L HTU showed great potential as a safe inhibitor in the treatment of shrimps' melanosis.

A New Phenolic Compound from Dendrobium longicornu

Hu, Jiangmiao,Fan, Weiwei,Zhou, Lu,Zhao, Youxing,Zhou, Jun Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10

Reversible Macroscopic Alignment of Ag Nanowires

Zhou, Hu,Heyer, Patrick,Kim, Ho-Jong,Song, Jung-Hoon,Piao, Longhai,Kim, Sang-Ho American Chemical Society 2011 Chemistry of materials Vol.23 No.16

<P>The macroscopic arrangement of one-dimensional nanowires (NWs)/nanorods is crucial for many technological applications, because of their structure-dependent physical properties. Using a simple flow-induced alignment method, reversible structural changes between aligned and random states were demonstrated in Ag NW suspensions. The alignment of the NWs was induced under high shear rates and was stable for at least 6000 s, because of depressed Brownian motion. An aligned Ag NW suspension could return to its original random state under low shear, because of the rotation of the Ag NWs. The practical implications of flow-induced alignment are shown through the dielectric, electric, and optical properties of the dispersions. Although the alignments were not perfect, these properties still exhibited marked direction dependence. It is remarkable that the macroscopic, reversible structural change between aligned and random states and the related changes of physical properties can be easily scalable to large areas for many potential applications.</P><P>Reversible alignment and disordering of Ag nanowires were demonstrated by shear. The critical shear rate is ca. 10 s<SUP>−1</SUP> for this reversible transition. Collective dielectric, electrical, and optical properties of Ag nanowires showed direction dependence after alignment.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2011/cmatex.2011.23.issue-16/cm200848h/production/images/medium/cm-2011-00848h_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm200848h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

QTL Analysis of Floral Traits of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) under Well-Watered and Drought Stress Conditions

Hu Songping,Zhou Ying,Zhang Lin,Zhu Xudong,Wang Zhenggong,Li Lin,Luo Lijun,Zhou Qingming 한국유전학회 2009 Genes & Genomics Vol.31 No.2

Three floral traits, spikelet number per panicle (SNP), percentage of single exserted stigma (PSES) and dual exserted stigma (PDES) of a RI population with 185 lines under water stress and non-stress conditions for two years were investigated in a drought tolerance screening facility. ANOVA results showed high significance between years, lines, and water stress treatments, together with interactions among them in pairs. High phenotypic correlation was found between PSES and PDES (r = 0.5424***). Based on a linkage map of 203 SSR markers, when under well-watered condition, six QTLs ( qSNP-3b, qSNP-4, qSNP-11 qSNP-2, qSNP-5 and qSNP-9) were detected for SNP. Half of them had significant Q× E interactions. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-2, qPSES-5) were found to influence PSES, including one locus ( qPSES-2) having Q× E interaction. And three QTLs ( qPDES-2, qPDES-5 and qPDES-8) were also detected to influence PDES. qPDES-5 was found to have Q × E interaction. The contribution rate of a single QTL varied from 0.80% to 8.83% for additive effect, and 1.86% to 15.25% for Q × E interactions. Under drought stress, six QTLs ( qSNP-3a, qSNP-4, qSNP-7a, qSNP-7b, qSNP-8 and qSNP-9) were associated with SNP, including qSNP-3a and qSNP-4 with Q × E interaction. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-10 and qPSES-12) were located on rice chromosome 1, 10 and 12 for PSES. Four QTLs ( qPDES-1a, qPDES-1b, qPDES-4 and qPDES-9) were detected for PDES, including qPDES-9 with Q ×E interaction. The additive effect of single QTL can only explain 1.16% to 5.84% of total variance while Q × E interaction of four loci can explain 4.25% to 11.54% of total variance for each locus. There were one to nine pairs of epistatic QTLs influencing SNP and stigma exsertion. The contribution rates of additive and epistatic effects seemed to be in a low magnitude for most cases (0.76%~9.92%) while a few QTLs or QTL pairs explained more than 10% of total variance. Some main effect QTL and epistasis were commonly detected among PSES and PDES, explaining the high positive correlation between them. Few QTLs were detected under both water stress and non-stress conditions, indicating that drought had severe impact on the genetic behaviors of both spikelet number and stigma exsertion. Three floral traits, spikelet number per panicle (SNP), percentage of single exserted stigma (PSES) and dual exserted stigma (PDES) of a RI population with 185 lines under water stress and non-stress conditions for two years were investigated in a drought tolerance screening facility. ANOVA results showed high significance between years, lines, and water stress treatments, together with interactions among them in pairs. High phenotypic correlation was found between PSES and PDES (r = 0.5424***). Based on a linkage map of 203 SSR markers, when under well-watered condition, six QTLs ( qSNP-3b, qSNP-4, qSNP-11 qSNP-2, qSNP-5 and qSNP-9) were detected for SNP. Half of them had significant Q× E interactions. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-2, qPSES-5) were found to influence PSES, including one locus ( qPSES-2) having Q× E interaction. And three QTLs ( qPDES-2, qPDES-5 and qPDES-8) were also detected to influence PDES. qPDES-5 was found to have Q × E interaction. The contribution rate of a single QTL varied from 0.80% to 8.83% for additive effect, and 1.86% to 15.25% for Q × E interactions. Under drought stress, six QTLs ( qSNP-3a, qSNP-4, qSNP-7a, qSNP-7b, qSNP-8 and qSNP-9) were associated with SNP, including qSNP-3a and qSNP-4 with Q × E interaction. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-10 and qPSES-12) were located on rice chromosome 1, 10 and 12 for PSES. Four QTLs ( qPDES-1a, qPDES-1b, qPDES-4 and qPDES-9) were detected for PDES, including qPDES-9 with Q ×E interaction. The additive effect of single QTL can only explain 1.16% to 5.84% of total variance while Q × E interaction of four loci can explain 4.25% to 11.54% of total variance for each locus. There were one to nine pairs of epistatic QTLs influencing SNP and stigma exsertion. The contribution rates of additive and epistatic effects seemed to be in a low magnitude for most cases (0.76%~9.92%) while a few QTLs or QTL pairs explained more than 10% of total variance. Some main effect QTL and epistasis were commonly detected among PSES and PDES, explaining the high positive correlation between them. Few QTLs were detected under both water stress and non-stress conditions, indicating that drought had severe impact on the genetic behaviors of both spikelet number and stigma exsertion.

MiR-1224-5p modulates osteogenesis by coordinating osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation via the Rap1 signaling target ADCY2

Hu Liangcong,Xie Xudong,Xue Hang,Wang Tiantian,Panayi Adriana C.,Lin Ze,Xiong Yuan,Cao Faqi,Yan Chengcheng,Chen Lang,Cheng Peng,Zha Kangkang,Sun Yun,Liu Guodong,Yu Chenyan,Hu Yiqiang,Tao Ranyang,Zhou 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) broadly regulate normal biological functions of bone and the progression of fracture healing and osteoporosis. Recently, it has been reported that miR-1224-5p in fracture plasma is a potential therapy for osteogenesis. To investigate the roles of miR-1224-5p and the Rap1 signaling pathway in fracture healing and osteoporosis development and progression, we used BMMs, BMSCs, and skull osteoblast precursor cells for in vitro osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis studies. Osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were detected by ALP, ARS, and TRAP staining and bone slice resorption pit assays. The miR-1224-5p target gene was assessed by siRNA-mediated target gene knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. To explore the Rap1 pathway, we performed high-throughput sequencing, western blotting, RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and immunohistochemical staining. In vivo, bone healing was judged by the cortical femoral defect, cranial bone defect and femoral fracture models. Progression of osteoporosis was evaluated by an ovariectomy model and an aged osteoporosis model. We discovered that the expression of miR-1224-5p was positively correlated with fracture healing progression. Moreover, in vitro, overexpression of miR-1224-5p slowed Rankl-induced osteoclast differentiation and promoted osteoblast differentiation via the Rap1-signaling pathway by targeting ADCY2. In addition, in vivo overexpression of miR-1224-5p significantly promoted fracture healing and ameliorated the progression of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency or aging. Furthermore, knockdown of miRNA-1224-5p inhibited bone regeneration in mice and accelerated the progression of osteoporosis in elderly mice. Taken together, these results identify miR-1224-5p as a key bone osteogenic regulator, which may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis and fracture nonunion.

A novel ceramic GEM used for neutron detection

Zhou, Jianrong,Zhou, Xiaojuan,Zhou, Jianjin,Jiang, Xingfen,Yang, Jianqing,Zhu, Lin,Yang, Wenqin,Yang, Tao,Xu, Hong,Xia, Yuanguang,Yang, Gui-an,Xie, Yuguang,Huang, Chaoqiang,Hu, Bitao,Sun, Zhijia,Chen, Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.6

A novel ceramic Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has been developed to meet the demand of high counting rate for the neutron detection which is an alternative to ³He-based detector at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). An experiment was performed to measure the neutron transmittance of ceramic-GEM and FR4-GEM at the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument. The result showed the ceramic-GEM has higher transmittance and less self-scattering especially for cold neutrons. One single ceramic GEM could give a gain of 10²-10⁴ in the mixture gas of Ar and CO₂ (90%:10%) and its energy resolution was about 27.7% by using ⁵⁵Fe X ray of 5.9 keV. A prototype has been developed in order to investigate the performances of the ceramic GEM-based neutron detector. Several neutron beam tests, including detection efficiency, spatial resolution, two-dimensional imaging, and wavelength spectrum, were carried out at CSNS and China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR). The results show that the ceramic GEM-based neutron detector is a good candidate to measure the high intensity neutrons.

Thermal Sensitive Polyurethane Membranes with Desirable Switch Temperatures

Hu Zhou,Jianxian Zeng,Haojun Fan,Yuansen Liu,Jian Zhou 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.11

Chemical synthesis and physical blending methods were used to prepare thermal sensitive polyurethanes (TSPU) with single or double thermal switches. In the design of the formula, polycaprolactone diol (PCL) with a molecular weight 10,000 and 4,000 and polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) with a molecular weight 3,000 and 2,000 were used as the soft segments. The effects of the crystallinity and compatibility of the soft segments on the phase transition temperatures of the soft segments of TSPU (defined as switch temperature, Ts) were investigated in detail. To examine the thermal sensitivity of the thermal switch, water vapor permeability (WVP) experiments were performed to investigate the mass transport as a function of temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)indicated that all the original TSPUs had a phase separated structure that was independent of the phase transition temperature of the soft and hard segments. The Ts values are determined mostly by the melting temperatures of the soft segments. On the other hand, for their blends, the Ts values are determined by the compatibility of the soft segments and the blending weight ratio. The blends of the PCL-based TSPUs showed good compatibility and single Ts due to the similar structure of the soft segments (just a difference in molecular weight), whereas for the PCL-based and PTMG-based TSPUs (the molecular structure is very different) blends, the Ts two independent values and blending weight ratio-dependent features due to the difference in the structure of the soft segments. Water vapor permeability analysis revealed the mass transport showed switching features to thermal stimuli, i.e. when the temperature reached the Ts, the WVPs of membranes showed rapid changes. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the thermal switch characterized by WVP improvement showed a dependence on the degree of crystallinity of the soft segments,i.e. well-organized soft segment structure is beneficial for improving the thermal sensitivity. Overall, TSPU membranes with a single Ts and different thermal sensitivity can be prepared using different crystalline poly-diols as the soft segments and blending two types of TSPUs with similar soft segments in the molecule structure, whereas TSPU with a double Ts can be achieved easily by blending two types of TSPUs with different soft segments.

Effect of Association on Rheological Behaviors in the Non-Aqueous Solutions of Semi-Flexible Cellulose Derivatives

Hu Zhou,맹일호,구용환,김혜원,박지현,강현석,이병철,박용해,김상호 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.11

The rheology of cellulose derivatives dissolved in highly viscous solvent was studied. Results demonstrated that a concentration-dependent transition occurred at ca. 10 vol% for ethyl cellulose, and at ca. 2.0 vol% for hydroxypropyl cellulose. Below the transition point, steady shear viscosity of solutions showed weak concentration dependency. The exponent of the power law model was about 3.7. Above the transition, the viscosity was strongly dependent on the concentration. Further studies showed that such a transition strongly depended on the association between chains. Above the transition point, their long-time dynamics were dominated by the hydrogen bonds acting as the transient cross-links between chains. While below this point, long-time dynamics were governed by the percolation statistics. As a result, their viscosities indicated different concentration dependence relationships. Our studies showed that the entanglement and association behaviors were different, for the flexible and semi-flexible chains.

Polyurethane Membrane with Temperature- and pH-Controllable Permeability for Amino-Acids

Hu Zhou,Ruiping Xun,Kejian Wu,Zhihua Zhou,Bin Yu,Youxin Tang,Ning Li 한국고분자학회 2015 Macromolecular Research Vol.23 No.1

This work was focused on the investigation of the temperature- and pH-responsive polyurethane (PU)membranes and their permeability to amino-acids in response to environmental stimuli. The PU membrane wasprepared from a wet phase inversion method and a two-step solution polymerization from polycaprolactone diols(PCL), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), etc. The chemical structure,phase state, morphology and surface wettability of the membrane were characterized with Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contactangle tester, respectively. The temperature and pH responses of the membrane were investigated by means of anamino-acid permeate experiment. The L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) was chosen as model amino-acids. The permeation of theL-Phe was measured using a dead-end flow filtration at varied temperatures and pH, and characterized by the permeateflux (J) and rejection coefficient (R). J of the L-Phe across the PU membrane increased with increasingtemperature and showed a sharp increase when temperature was raised to the crystalline melting temperature (Tm)of the soft segment of PU, while decreased with increasing pH and having a sharp decrease when pH reached thedissociation constant (pKa) of DMPA contained in PU macromolecules. While, the R behavior of L-Phe was justopposite from the results of J, which decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing pH,also showing the temperature and pH responses. Hopefully, the PU membrane with temperature- and pH-controllablepermeability has promising prospects in water treatment, membrane separation, drug delivery system, etc.

Impact of NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside compound K in healthy Chinese volunteers

Zhou, Luping,Chen, Lulu,Wang, Yaqin,Huang, Jie,Yang, Guoping,Tan, Zhirong,Wang, Yicheng,Liao, Jianwei,Zhou, Gan,Hu, Kai,Li, Zhenyu,Ouyang, Dongsheng The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. This study examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods: Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using Sequenom MassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and its metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using the AutoDock Vina program. Results: ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK and decreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowest maximum concentration ($C_{max}$) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration ($AUC_{last}$) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygous carriers, while $C_{max}$ was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054 influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, and NR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interaction of CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion: ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, these hereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.