이화방어기제검사 표준화연구

김재은,김정규,박영숙,이근후 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.3

This study aimed at an evaluation of the reliability and validity of Ewha Defense Mechanism Test(EDMT) for standardization during the period from June 25 to July 10 with nationalwide sample which was standardized by Rhee Kun Hoo. Kin Jae Un. Kim Jung Kyu. and Park Young Sook. The number of subjects were 1.323 who were sampled by the method of proportional stratification on age. sex. education. local area variables. This test is composed of 20 defense mechanism subscales and total items of the test are 200. The results were as follows : 1) The range of means of each scales were from 2.70 to 3.34 and the range of items standard deviation was from .71 to 1.28. 2) The corrected item-total correlation coefficients were than .10 for all items except two items which was the index of internal consistancy. 3) The spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficients were more than .66 and the retest reliability coefficients were more than .72 for all scales. 4) By the evaluation of the cross validation with “16 Personality Factor Inventory”. it was found that 11 factors were consistent with expectation among 16 factors so that the result of cross validity was moderately sufficient. 5) By the factor analysis. four factors were extracted. Factor 1 was “unstable sensitization defense mechanisms”which were acting out, displacement, somatization. dissociation. projection. and passive-aggressive behavior. Factor 2 was “ego-expansive defense mechanisms” which were composed of controlling. distortion. altruism. humor. and sublimation. Factor 3 was “ego-denial defense mechanisms” which were reaction formation. bragging identification. and regressin. Factor 4 was “reality evasive defense mechanisms” which were denial rationalization. suppression. anticipation. and evasion.

일반계 고등학교 교육과정 특성화 방안 연구 : 예체능 과정 설치를 중심으로

홍후조,강익수,백경선 한국교육방법학회 2009 교육방법연구 Vol.21 No.2

This study deals with the problem of enlarging the kinds of courses of academic high schools by installing the ‘core’ school with particularized curriculum such as arts or physical education course tracks as well as academic tracks. For last 60 years Korean general high school have operated two tracks, humanities and social science track, and natural science track. Two traditional tracks did not meet the needs of students and society. Survey were administered to secondary school students and teachers, asking about the curricular needs of new tracks. Based on the results of questionnaires the simulation of allocating students and teachers, and installing facilities according to the curricular tracks was finished. About 30% of middle school graduates want to go to core high schools with particular track rather than traditional tracks.

간질의 보조치료요법 : 대뇌자극법

김후원 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2009 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.S

Treatment of refractory epilepsy is very challenging. Despite of recent advances of surgical treatment, needs for other therapeutic modalities have been growing. Among them neural stimulation is a promising new technology. Vagal nerve stimulation is firstly introduced method and licenced as an adjuvant therapy in many countries. It is as effective as antiepileptic drug therapy. Deep brain stimulation has been applied to many brain areas such as cerebellum, thalamus, subthalamus, hippocampus, and other neocortical epileptic foci. Yet it has preliminary encouraging results, further multi-institutional study may confirm the therapeutic effectiveness. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is simple, non-invasive method. But its effect seems short-lived and weak so far. Therapeutic evidence of the brain stimulation is still insufficient now but its future is bright.

중소기업형 CIM시스템 구축을 위한 생산계획수립 및 실적파악 모듈

최후곤,신완선,장중순,서준성,여명구,안동근,김진봉 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.47 No.2

This study Focuses on developing several modules involved in an integrated production information system for medium- or small-sized industries. The modules of order management, quality control, production scheduling, and shop management are executed for an example case industry. The potential values of this research includes that the major information modules to collect, analysis, and display production data and shop data for constructing the computer integrated manufacturing system(CIMS) are programmed with various features of medium- or small-sized industries

문제행동 청소년을 위한 대인관계 집단치료 효과

이후경,안현주,김선재,윤성철,봉수연 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : Fast change and confusion of the value system in society affect the identity formation of adolescents. So Adlescents' behavioral problems seem to be increasing yearly. It is known that the interpersonal group therapy is the most effective treatment modality among many group programs for adolescents with behavioral problems. Objectives of this study are as follows ; first, evaluate therapeutic effects of the interpersonal group therapy for adolescents with behavioral problems second, examine the therapeutic factors ; third, analyze the group process : fourth, orgamize the group therapy for adolescents with behavioral problems as an applicable treatment modality. The types of group therapy performed in this study are small, closed, homogeneous, outpatient, timelimited, and adolescent group. Methods : This study was carried out at one of the adolescents mental health services in Uiwang Mental Health Center, from April to June and from September to November in 2000. The subjects were 2nd grade students in K middle school with behavioral proplems. The experimental groups were composed of 4 groups including 2 male groups and 2 female groups (male 11, female 17), and the control groups matched the same conditions as the experimental groups (male 10, female 19). The group therapy was performed weekly in CA (club activity) time, and it took 60-70 minutes at one time. They met total 10 sessions including preparatory meeting and termination meeting. Before and after this program, self-rating scales (behavioral problems, aggression, and impulsivity) were applied for subjects, and the teacher rating scales (behavioral problems, aggression and impulsivity) were performed by teachers in charge. After each session, Yalom's 13 therapeutic factors scale was perfbrmed. At the last meeting, total assessment questionnaire was compleled. Results : The mean scores of all self-rating scales (behavioral problem, aggression, and impulsivity) were lower in the experimental groups (both male and female group) than the control groups, but not significant statistically except the behavioral problem scale of female students. The mean scores of all teacher rating scales (behavioral problem, aggression, and impulsivity) were lower in the experimental groups (both male and female group) in comparison with the control groups, all significant statistically. As faras the therapeutic factors are concerned ; first, the mean scores of all therapeutic factors in female students were higher than in male students and the mean scores of all therapeutic factors in the later half sessions were higher than the former half sessions ; second, catharsis and existential factor were high in all students and sessions ; third, identification with therapist factor was high in all students and sessions : fourth, during the later half sessions, interpersonal input was relatively high in male students and socializing technique was relatively high in female students. Its forthe total assessment questionnaires ; 100% of male students and 88.2% of female students reported that they were helped by this group therapy ; 100% of male students and 82.4% of female students reported that they would participate willingly if future opportunity of the same group therapy is given for them. Conclusion : Adolescents with behavioral problems who participated in this study showed the decrease of behavioral problems and the change of aggressive and impulsive attitudes in comparison with the control groups although they had some differences between male and female students. The group therapy with adolescents would be practiced more broadly and extensively though there are several accompanied problems including the difficulty of structuring, the deficit of motivation, and financial problem.

유연생산 시스템 구축을 위한 공작물 자동교환 유닛 설계

박후명,이용중,이상진,하만경 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

The objective of this study is to develop an automatic object changer unit to improve processing problems existed in the conventional horizontal machining center. In order to perform this objective, a upward and downward traverse unit in which a unit that consists of a motor and reducer, chain and sprocket wheel, and upper and lower base employed in an automatic object changer unit performs sliding contact motion in a frame was designed. To achieve this design, constraint conditions for the upward and downward traverse unit first designed. Then, an operation mechanism was designed and that was introduced as a sum of kinetic energy for the sprocket wheel and upper and lower base based on the moment of inertia, which is the kinetic energy of the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the reducer. In addition, The work required to rotate the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the reducer by one revolution can be calculated using the sum of work that is required in the sprocket wheel and upper and lower base that is a part of the upward and downward traverse unit. Furthermore, the converted equation of motion in the side of the motor can be introduced using the equation of motion using the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the motor. Then, Then, a proper motor can be determined using predetermined specifications employed in the motor and several parameters in the upward and downward traverse unit in order to verify such predetermined specifications. Also, a design of a horizontal traverse unit that performs sliding motion on a upward and downward traverse unit and simulation that verifies the results of this design are required as a future study.

歸因相談과 能力別 豫習課題의 活用을 通한 歸因性向의 變化가 數學學習 能力에 미치는 效果

오후진,구완규 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1999 과학교육연구 Vol.30 No.1

This study is trying to specifically search for the best approach ot learning motivation which is one of the most significant factors in improving learning ability, based on attribution theory (locus of control theory). As a result, the conclusions are as follows: 1. The procedure of Individual counseling for learning attribution based on individual standard grades and data of the variable order of merit apparently shows learners that if learners are to try their best in learning, they will surely go far in terms of learning in the near future. 2. The procedure of Individual counseling for learning attribution based on achievement distribution in individual behavior-oriented fields suggests to learners that how to learn is as important as how much effort they make. Surely enough, learners are required to make more effective and efficient efforts, considering their own learning abilities. 3. Above all, it was confirmed that the learners' struggling attitude might well have a significant correlation with achievement sucess.

외래환자를 위한 시간제한 집단정신치료

이후경,차정화,윤성철,김정일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : 최근 외래집단정신치료는 전통적인 장기치료에서 단기치료나 시간제한치료로 전환되고 있는 추세다. 단기는 보통 10∼40회 걸쳐 실시되는 것에 비해 시간제한(time-limited)은 시작부터 종결시기 및 횟수를 미리 정해놓고 실시한다. 이는 치료자와 환자간에 가능성 있는 구체적인 치료목표를 설정하고 적극적인 공동작업을 통하여 정해진 기간에 효과적인 치료결과를 가져올 수 있기 때문에 효율적인 치료방법으로 점차 부상되는 있는 양식이다. 본 논문의 연구목표는 다음과 같다 ① 정신과의원 외래환자를 대상으로 시간제한 집단정신치료를 시행하여 치료효과와 치료요인을 조사한다. ② 집단정신치료 시행과정에 나타나는 특징을 살펴본다. ③ 본 집단정신치료의 적절성과 타당성을 검증하여, 현재 한국 의료상황에 맞는 저비용, 고효율적인 모델로서 정착시켜 외래치료를 보다 효과적으로 할 수 있는 기반을 마련하다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 2000년 4월부터 동년 7월까지 매주 1회, 한번에 70∼80분씩, 총 12회 걸쳐 실시되었다. 실험군은 정신과의원 외래환자중 기능수준이 높은 정신병환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대조군은 비슷한 나이, 성별, 진단군, 유병기간을 일대일 짝을 지어 선정하였다. 각각8명이 참여하였다. 평가도구는 BDI, STAI,MMPI, 이화방어기제를 사전, 사후에 실시하였고, 매회 마다 13가지 치료요인 척도를 실시하였으며, 총평가 설문지를 마지막에 실시하였다. 결 과 : BDI는 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의미하게 감소하였다. STAI-S는 실험군, 대조군 모두에서 차이가 없었고, STAI-T는 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의미하게 감소하였다. MMPI는 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하였지만, 사전-사후 변화량에 대한 집단간 검사에서 유의미하지 않았다. 이는 두 군에 동일하게 노출된 약물치료와 지지치료의 영향으로 추측된다. 이화방어기제는 실험군에서만 미성숙 방어기제와 신경증적 방어기제의 유의미한 감소를 보였다. 치료요인은 초기, 중기, 말기로 나누어 비교했을 때, 전 회기에 걸쳐 실존적 인자가 1위를 차지하였고, 카타르시스, 치료자동일시, 보편성, 집단응집력이 내내 상위를 차지하였다. 초기, 중기에 중하위를 차지하였던 대인관계학습은 말기에 2위를 기록하였다. 총평가 설문에서 참여자의 100%에서 도움 받은 것으로 보고하였고, 75%에서 생활의 변화를 보고하였으며, 75%에서 재참여 의사를 밝혔다. 결 론 : 외래환자들에게 단순히 약물치료와 지지치료만을 시행하는 것에 덧붙여 시간제한 집단정신치료를 시행할 때 증상호전뿐만 아니라 성격변화의 효과도 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 참여자들의 집단정신치료에 대한 만족도도 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 집단정신치료는 정신치료에 뿌리를 두면서 이에 필적하는 치료효과가 있는 것으로 공인된 치료양식이다. 의약분업 및 의료비 감축 등의 급변하는 현 의료환경에서 집단정신치료와 시간제한치료가 정신치료와 장기치료만큼 효과 있으면서 저비용, 고효율적인 양식으로서 정착될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : Recently, the outpatient group psychotherapy has been changed from traditional long-term therapy to short-term or time-limited therapy. The termination time and session numbers are given from start line in the time-limited therapy while 10 to 40 sessions are needed in the short-term therapy. And therapist and patients come to an agreement of the accomplishable therapeutic goal and work together actively. The time-limited group psychotherapy is being accepted newly as an efficient therapeutic modality because effective therapeutic outcomes within given time have been reported. The objectives of this study are as follows ; firstly, we examine the therapeutic outcomes and the therapeutic factors after performing the time-limited group psychotherapy for outpatients in the psychiatric clinic ; secondly, we analyze the characteristics showed in the process of study ; lastly, we verify the feasibility and the validity of this group psychotherapy and then establish the basis of the effective outpatient therapy that would be settled down as an applicable treatment modality economically and efficiently in the current medical environment of Korea. Methods : This study was performed weekly in total 12 sessions from July 1999, April 2000 to and each session took 70-80 minutes. The experimental group were composed of the highly-functioning psychotic patients among outpatients in the psychiatric clinic. The control group were composed of the similar patients through one-to-one matching of age, sex, diagnosis, and duration of illness. The participants were 8 patients each. BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), STAI(Spielbergs State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), and EDMT(Ewha Defence Mechanism Test)as the evaluation scales were performed before and after treatment. And 13-therapeutic factors scale was performed just after each session and the self-report total assessment questionnaire was performed only in experimental group at the end of this study. Results : The mean score of BDI was decreased significantly in experimental group in comparison with control group. The mean score of STAI-S was not changed significantly in both group, and the mean score of STAI-T was decreased in experimental group in comparison with control group. The mean score of MMPI was decreased significantly in experimental group in comparison with control group, but the comparison of difference scores(post-treatment score-pre-treatment score) between the experimental and control group was not decreased significantly. This result may come from psychopharmacotherapy and individual supportive psychotherapy given equally to both group. The mean scores of immature defence and neurotic defence in EDMT were decreased significantly in experimental group compared with control group. Comparing the therapeutic factors to divide into the first, middle, and the last stage, existential factor was ranked first, and catharsis, identification with therapist, universality, and group cohesiveness were ranked high in all stages. Interpersonal learning was ranked first in the last stage altinough being ranked low in the first and middle stage. The total assessment questionnaires about group psychotherapy were reported that 100% of participants were helped, 75% of participants were changed in their lives, and 75% of participants had minds to join this kind of program again if given for them. Conclusions : This result shows that not only symptom relief but also personality change was achieved when the time-limited group psychotherapy was practiced in addition to simple psychophamarcotherapy and individual supportive psychotherapy for outpatients. The degree of satisfaction for group psychotherapy of participants were evaluated highly. Group psychotherapy has been accepted in public as therapeutic modality that must be as equally effective as psychotherapy although group psychotherapy derives from individual psychotherapy. In out current medical environment that has been changed suddenly by the separation of medical practice and pharmaceutical dispensing and the decrease of medical fee, group psychotherapy or time-limited therapy would be settled down as low-expense and high-efficiency therapeutic modalities that were as equally effective as individual psychotherapy or long-term therapy

지성리듬과 시험 성적 사이의 상관관계에 대한 연구

오후진,윤여범 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1997 과학교육연구 Vol.28 No.1

1900년대를 전후해 제기되기 시작하나 바이오리듬에 관한 이론은 1980년대 초 우리나라에 본격 소개되면서 많은 관심을 불러 일으켰고 스포츠, 교통사고 예방, 안전사고 예방 등의 분야에서는 비교적 많은 연구와 활용이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 평소 학생들을 지도하는 과정에서 막연하게나마 가지고 있었던, "바이오리듬이 학생들의 시험 성적에 미치는 영향"에 대한 의문을 규명해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 천안여자고등학교 3학년 자연계열 학생의 1년간 모의고사 성적의 평균(7회)과 실제 대학수학능력시험에서의 점수, 대학수학능력시험일의 바이오 리듬(지성리듬)을 분석하여 그 상관관계를 조사하였다. In 1900's, the Biorhythm's theory was presented and was introduced in earnest in the early part of 1980's causing much interest. The theory has been used much for sports and the prevention from many accidents. I have tried to find out the effect of the biorhythms on the result of students' marks, in which I have a vague idea when I was teaching them. I made a correlation after analyzing average results of an examination(7 times) on mock entrance examination, the results of a College Aptitude Examination, and the biorhythm of on the day of College Aptitude Examination of the students of Chonan Girls' high school(science department in 3rd year).

지속적 방사선 피폭에 의한 혈액성분과 변화

김후숙,서을원 안동대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 基礎科學 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

저선량의 방사선을 지속적으로 피폭 받았을 때 일어날 수 있는 혈액상의 변화를 관찰 하기 위하여 35세에서 45세까지의 일반 직업인과 7년 이상된 방사선 종사자와의 혈핵상을 비교 하였다. 혈액학적 검사를 조사분석한 결과 혈색소량, 혈소판, 단핵구, 호산구에서는 방사선 종사자와 일반인 검사자에서 차이가 없었으나 호염구에서는 일반인 검사자 0.118 ±0.324%, 방사선 종사자 0.864 ±0.501%로 방사선 종사자에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 적혈구에서는 일반인검사자 485.5 ±31.1 ×10^(4)/㎣, 방사선 종사자 465.8 ±10^(4)/㎣로 방사선 종사자가 일반인검사자보다 낮게 나타났으며, 적혈구 용적의 최저 기준치 이하에서도 방사선 종사자의 24%가 해당하는 것으로 나타나 저선량의 방사선일지라도 적혈구와 적혈구 용적에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 백혈구에서는 일반인 검사자 6298±1709/㎣, 방사선 종사자 6324 ±1673/㎣로 방사선 종사자가 일반인 검사자보다 높게 나타나 고선량 피폭에 비해 저선량의 방사선에 장기간 피폭될 경우 백혈구수가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 호중구에서는 일반인 검사자 49.43 ±8.91%, 방사선 종사자 52.88 ±7.76%로 일반인 검사자보다 방사선 종사자가 높게 나타나 방사선에 대한 저항성이 있음을 나타냈으며, 호중구의 증가에 비해 림프구에서는 일반인 검사자 37.39 ±8.51%, 방사선 종사자 35.87 ±7.12%로 일반인 검사자 보다 방사선 종사자가 낮게 나타났다. 특히 림프구의 정상치중 최저치로 볼 수 있는 34%이하에서 방사선 종사자의 45%가 여기에 해당 되므로 방사선 종사자의 림프구 감소에 의한 면역계 질환에 특별한 주의가 요구된다. This study was conducted, with both 35 to 45-year general persons and radiotecnologists with more than seven years of service, to observe the changes of blood that may occur when being continuously exposed to a low-radiation. As a result of hemotological analysis, there was no difference in the amount of hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, monocytes and eosinophils between two subject groups but the value of basophils was slightly higher in the group of general persons(0.0118 ±0.324%) than in the group of radiotechnologists(0.864±0.501%). The value of erythrocytes was slightly lower in the group of radiotechnologists(465.8 ±34.6×10^(4)/㎟) than in the group of general persons(465.8±31.1×10^(4)/㎟), so it appeared that even a low-radiation has an effect on the erythrocytes. In the value of leukocytes, the group of radiotechnologists(6324 ±1673/㎣) showed a higher value than the group of general persons(6298 ±1709/㎣). It was shown, therefore, that long exposure to a low-radiation rather than a high-radiation would increase the number of leukocytes. And in the value of neutrophils, the group of radiotechnologists(52.88 ±7.67%) showed a higher value than the group of general persons(49.43±8.91%). So it appeared that the group of radiotechnologists was resistant to radiation. Contrary to that, in the value of lymphocytes the group of general persons(37.39±8.51%) showed a higher value than the group of radiotechnologists(35.87±7.12%). As especially 45% of radiotechnologist group showed the lymphocyte value of less than 34% that can be considered as the lowest normal value of lymphocytes, it is required to pay special attention to the radiotechnologists` diseases of immune system due to decrease in lymphocytes.