치료저항 만성 정신분열증 환자에서 Clozapine과 Haloperidol의 치료효과에 대한 비교

이홍식,김찬형,이희상,남궁기,송동호,이영문,한은선 大韓臨床藥理學會 1993 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.1 No.2

만성 정신분열증 환자에 있어 Clozapine 투여에 의한 비정형적 Prolactin반응

이홍식,김찬형,기선완 대한신경정신의학회 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.3

Objects : Typical antipsychotic drugs robustily increase prolactin both in rodents and in man. Unlike in rodents, Meltzer(1989) found that acutely administered clozapine did not increases serum prolactin levels in schizophrenia and his preliminary data suggested that prolactin levels might even be reduced during clozapine treatment. Methods : We investigated the serum prolactin levels in chronic schizophrenics, who were assigned to clozapine(N=28) or haloperidol(N=20) for eight weeks. Blood samples were obtained biweekly during the study period, and serum prolactin concentrations were measured by standard double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Results : The serum prolactin levels were not changed in the schizophrenic patients to whom clozapine had been administrated, otherwise marked increases in serum prolactin level were observed in the haloperidol treatment group. Conclusion : Our results suggest that clozapine differs from typical antipsychotics(e.g., haloperidol) in its failure to produce serum prolactin elevation in schizophrenic patients.

SM55C鋼의 降伏强度가 破壞特性에 미치는 影響에 관한 實驗的 硏究

崔鎔湜,李洪吉 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.1

In this paper, an experimental program was carried out to investigate the effect of yield strength on the fatigue crack growth behavior and fracture toughness of the heat treated SM55C steel. The fatigue tests were conducted by the standard fatigue test method described in ASTM Standard E647-81. Also, the K_IC tests Were conducted by the standard plane strain fracture toughness test method described in ASTM Standard E399-81. The following conclusions were derived from the experimental study. 1. The fracture properties (K_IC, R_sc, ΔK_th, m, C, ΔKc) of SM55C steel are influenced by the yield strength of the steel. 2. If the yield strength (σγ) increases, the K_Q increases and the R_sc decreases. 3. If the yield ratio (σγ/σ_B) increases, the K_Q and the R_sc decrease. 4. The fatigue crack growth rate decreases temporarily with the increasing of yield strength. 5. If the yield strength(σγ) increases, the ΔK_th and the ΔKc increase.

당뇨 백서 골결손부에 매식된 산호성 생체재료의 조직학적 반응

박현식,이상한,신홍인 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1992 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.9 No.1

당뇨병 환자에 있어 골결손부를 회복시키기 위한 골대체용 이식체로서의 coralline hydroxyapatite인 RHA 및 MPC의 임상적 응용가능성을 알아보고자, streptozotocin(60㎎/㎏, i. p.)으로 유도된 당뇨백서 및 정상 백서 각 24마리의 하악체에 직경 0.4㎝ 크기의 골결손부를 형성하고, RHA 및 MPC를 각 군별로 이식하여, 술 후 1, 2, 3, 4주째에 회생시켜 통법에 따라 H & E 조직 슬라이드를 제작, 각군의 골성회복 정도를 광학현미경으로 비교 검경한 바 다음과 같은 소견을 얻었다. 1. 각 군 공히 실험전기간에 걸쳐 특기할 염증 및 이물반응을 보이지 않았다. 2. 실험 초기의 섬유성 유약 결체조직내 섬유아세포 및 조골아세포의 분화 증식상은 당뇨군에 비해 정상군에서 보다 활발하였다. 3. 신생골과 이식체간의 직접적인 골성 유합은 실험 2주 이후 명확했으며, 당뇨군에 비해 정상군에서, 그리고 RHA 이식군에 비해 MPC 이식군에서 보다 양호하였다. 4. RHA 입자와 달리 MPC 입자는 미약하나마 골성치환상을 나타내었다. 5. 이식체를 중심으로 형성된 신생골의 성숙정도는 정상군 및 당뇨군간 대차가 없었다. 이상으로 소견으로 정상적인 경우에 비해 골성회복 정도가 다소 미약하고, 지연될 수 있으나, 당뇨환자에 있어서도 coralline biomaterial은 우수한 골대체용 인공재료로 사용될 수 있을것으로 사료되었다. This study has done to evaluate the effect of coralline biomaterials(Replamine-form hydroxyapatite: RHA and Madreporic coral: MPC) as a bone substitute in diabetic conditioned rats. Granular type of RHA and MPC were implanted in artificial mandibular bone defect measuring 0.4㎝ in diameter in 24 normal rats and 24 diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin(60㎎/㎏, i, p.). After implantation of these materials, histologic findings were studied at 1 week interval for 4 weeks with particular attention to new bone formation and its remodelling. The results were as follow: 1. In all groups, there were no evidence of specific inflammatory and/or foreign body reaction. 2. The early healing by fibrous connective tissue was more favorable in normal group than in diabetic group without difference between RHA implanted group and MPC group. 3. The direct union between implanted granules and now bone was noted after 2 weeks in all groups, but the degree of which was most favorable in MPC implanted normal group and followed by RHA implanted normal group, MPC implanted diabetic group and RHA implanted diabetic group in descending order. 4. The sign of replacement of MPC granules by new bone was noted in normal group, but which was not remarked in RHA implanted groups. 5. There was no specific difference in maturity of new bone around both implanted granules between normal and diabetic groups Above findings suggest that coralline hydroxyapatite especially MPC be able to use as a good bone substitute, although the degee of bony healing in diabetic condition may be somewhat mild and delayed than in normal condition.

만성 정신분열증 환자의 인지기능에 미치는 Clozapine 효과

이홍식,정미정,김지현 大韓神經精神醫學會 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.5

Objects : Prior reviews have indicated that antipsychotic drugs may impair planning ability and memory but otherwise may even improve attention and reaction time performance. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of clozapine on cognitive functions and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenic patients. Methods : Neuropsychological tests such as Wisconsin Card Sorting test, Digit Span test and Judgment of Line Orientation test were applied to 21 chronic schizophrenic patients and 15 normal controls. The schizophrenic patients were retested with the same instruments after 3 monthes of treatment period with clozapine. Psychopathology was assessed in the same patients before initiation of clozapine and at 12 weeks using BPRS. Results : Cognitive impairment was found in each measure of executive function, attention, short-term memory and visual perception ability as compared with the normal controls. After 12 weeks of clozapine treatment, signigicant improvement occured in attention, short-term memory and visual perception ability as well as psychotic symptoms including both positive and negative symptoms, but had little effect on executive functions. Conclusion : Short-term treatment with clozapine may possibly improve parts of cognitive functions of chronic schizophrenics, and these effects can contribute to increase capacity for work and social function.

작업효율을 만족하고 작업량 평준화를 고려한 작업자할당 방법에 관한 연구

이홍철,안재명,김성식 한국경영과학회 1997 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

The problem addressed in this paper is to minimize the deviations of workloads assigned to worker and to maximize the total utilizations(degree of skill) between workers and machines simultaneously. Each worker can handle the set of machines with the different degree of skill and each machine has the workloads needed to be processed. Also, each worker has to be assigned to at least one machine with the minimum workload deviation. This problem can be formulated as a preemptive goal programming with generalized assignment constraints. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases. First, a capacitated circulation network is constructed to assign the workers to machines with the maximum total utilizations while considering workloads balance. Then, a refinement process is applied to the split machines to satisfy the feasibility condition. The real industrial application in a plastic extrusion manufacturer is included along with several computational experiments.

선택적 함구증 환자에서의 Fluoxetine 치험

송동호,박민숙,남수용,육기환,노경선,이홍식 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1997 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

스테로이드 정신증 : 증례보고 및 문헌 고찰 Case report and brief review

이홍식 최신의학사 1984 最新醫學 Vol.27 No.10

항파상풍 톡소이드 주사후 항파상풍 항체 역가

이한식,하영록,구홍두,장석준,심호식,김승환,이정운 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Objective : Tetanus decreased in prevalence since the systemic vaccination began in 1940s. Despite of the improvement in treatment like critical care with ventilatior or antibiotics, the mortality rate resides around 45%. Currently the tetanus prevention protocol recommends immunization in infancy and boosters every tenth years. Thereafter the immunization with toxoid only or toxoid plus immunoglobulin injections is recommended according to the type of injury. In most of ED in Korea, only tetanus immunoglobulin is given without any basis. Previously we proved the effect that passive immunization with the immunoglubulin 250 IU last long for only a month. At this time we measured the effect of the active immunization with toxoid and its effect was compared to the effect of the tetanus immunoglobulin to find out the logical tetanus prevention after an injury. Method: 20 healthy adult volunteers were injected with tetanus toxoid and their anti-tetanus antibody titers measured before the injection, 1 week and 4 weeks after the inection. No volunteers have taken any medication for chronic illness(e.g. hepatits, tuberculosis) or had an tetanus immunization or booster in the last 6 months. Antibody titers were measured by IMMUNOZYM??-TETANUS and t-test was performed on the results, Results: 1. Total 20 volunteers(12 males and 8 females) were participated. 2. Subjects` ages were 21 to 44 years old and there were no relevance to the antibody titer. 3. The antibody titers of before the anti-tetanus toxoid injection and 1 week, 4 weeks after the injection revealed significant difference and the antibody titers of the first and the forth week after the injection also showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Currently in Korea, the tetenus immunoglobulin 250 IU given alone as tetanus prevention was injected, but it did not elevate the anti-tetanus antibody titer for 4 weeks where as tetanus toxoid injected intramuscularly did significantly. Therefore, tetanus toxoid should be given on the dirty injuries with additional tetanus immunoglobulin injection to accomplish the correct method of tetanus, tetanus toxoid prevention.

정신분열병 환자의 기억장애

최태규,이홍식,김찬형 대한정신분열병학회 2003 정신분열병 클리닉 Vol.6 No.2