Genetic Diversity and Structure of Cordyceps sinensis Populations from Extensive Geographical Regions in China as Revealed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Hong-Hui Liang,Zhou Cheng,Xiao-Ling Yang,Shan Li,Zu-Quan Ding,Tong-Shui Zhou,Wen-Ju Zhang,Jia-Kuan Chen 한국미생물학회 2008 The journal of microbiology Vol.46 No.5

Cordyceps sinensis is one of the most valuable medicinal caterpillar fungi native to China. However, its productivity is extremely limited and the species is becoming endangered. The genetic diversity of eighteen C. sinensis populations across its major distributing regions in China was evaluated by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 141 markers were produced in 180 individuals from the 18 populations, of which 99.3% were polymorphic. The low average of Shannon (0.104) and Nei index (0.07) of the 18 populations indicates that there are little genetic variations within populations. For all 18 populations, estimates of total gene diversity (HT), gene diversity within populations (HS), coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST), and gene flow (Nm) were 0.170, 0.071, 0.583, and 0.357, respectively. This pattern suggests that the genetic diversity of C. sinensis is low and most of the ISSR variations are found among populations with little gene exchange. The 18 populations are divided into five groups based on the genetic distance and the grouping pattern matches with the geographic distribution along the latitudinal gradient. The five groups show obvious difference in the GST and Nm values. Therefore, the genetic diversification of C. sinensis populations may be determined by geographic isolation and the combined effects of life history characters and the interaction with host insect species. The information illustrated by this study is useful for selecting in situ conservation sites of C. sinensis.

Potential Biomarker of L-type Amino Acid Transporter 1 in Breast Cancer Progression

Liang, Zhongxing,Cho, Heidi T.,Williams, Larry,Zhu, Aizhi,Liang, Ke,Huang, Ke,Wu, Hui,Jiang, Chunsu,Hong, Samuel,Crowe, Ronald,Goodman, Mark M.,Shim, Hyun-Suk The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.45 No.2

Purpose L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is essential for the transport of large neutral amino acids. However, its role in breast cancer growth remains largely unknown. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether LAT1 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Methods LAT1 mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer cell lines and tissues were analyzed. In addition, the effects of targeting LAT1 for the inhibition of breast cancer cell tumorigenesis were assessed with soft agar assay. The imaging of xenograft with anti-1-amino-3-[$^{18}F$]fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-[$^{18}F$]FACBC) PET was assessed for its diagnostic biomarker potential. Results Normal breast tissue or low malignant cell lines expressed low levels of LAT1 mRNA and protein, while highly malignant cancer cell lines and high-grade breast cancer tissue expressed high levels of LAT1. In addition, higher expression levels of LAT1 in breast cancer tissues were consistent with advanced-stage breast cancer. Furthermore, the blockade of LAT1 with its inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo[ 2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), or the knockdown of LAT1 with siRNA, inhibited proliferation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. A leucine analog, anti-[$^{18}F$]FACBC, has been demonstrated to be an excellent PET tracer for the non-invasive imaging of malignant breast cancer using an orthotopic animal model. Conclusions The overexpression of LAT1 is required for the progression of breast cancer. LAT1 represents a potential biomarker for therapy and diagnosis of breast cancer. Anti-[$^{18}F$]FACBC that correlates with LAT1 function is a potential PET tracer for malignant breast tumor imaging.

Preparation of Thermosensitive Hydrogels by means of Tandem Physical and Chemical Crosslinking

Hong-Liang Wei,Kai Yao,Zhe Yang,Hui-Juan Chu,Jing Zhu,Cun-Cai Ma,Zi-Xuan Zhao 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.3

The tandem physical and chemical crosslinking was used to prepare injectable hydrogels. First, the terpolymers with diene groups were synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and furfuryl methacrylate (FM). Second, dienophile-functionalized terpolymers were obtained from the terpolymers of NIPA, DMA, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Nmaleoyl alanine (AMI) by a coupling reaction under N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). When the screened diene-functionalized terpolymer and dienophile-functionalized terpolymer were dissolved separately in water and mixed, physically cross-linked hydrogels formed rapidly within 10 s at 37 ℃. Subsequently, the physically crosslinked hydrogels could change gradually into chemically cross-linked hydrogels by a Diels-Alder reaction and the mechanical strength of the hydrogels could be improved. The swelling behavior study suggests that the hydrogels possess thermosensitivity and good reproducibility at different temperatures. The strategy described, i.e. incorporating the advantages of physically crosslinked hydrogels and chemically crosslinked hydrogels, has potential applications in the preparation of injectable hydrogels.

Click Synthesis of Hydrogels by Metal-Free 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction Between Maleimide and Azide Functionalized Polymers

Hong-Zheng Zhu,Gang Wang,Hong-Liang Wei,Hui-Juan Chu,Jing Zhu 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.9

Herein, a metal-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition click reaction was used to prepare hydrogels. First, copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was synthesized via free radical copolymerization with an initiator of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and a solution of 1,4-dioxane. Second, maleimide-functionalized polymer was obtained by a coupling reaction of the above synthesized copolymer and N-maleoyl alanine with a dehydrating agent of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Similarly, azido-modified polymer was prepared by the reaction between azidoacetic acid and the as-prepared copolymer. Third, the hydrogels were obtained by the reaction of the azidomodified polymer and maleimide-functionalized copolymer without any initiator or catalyst. Gelation times of different conditions were measured by a cuvette inversion method. The samples of different steps were analysized by means of FTIR, NMR, SEM, etc. The swelling behaviour of the gels was investigated via a general gravimetric method. Finally, release mechanism was explored with a model drug molecule of 5-fluorouracil. It was found temperature, concentration and solvent had an impact on the gelation time. And the swelling behavior and drug-controlled release profiles of the hydrogels were relevant to the concentration of polymers used for the hydrogels.

Peach-specific aldehyde nonanal attracts female Oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Hui-Ming Xiang,Rui-Yan Ma,Hong-Liang Diao,Xian-Wei Li,Xiao-Juan He,Yong-Fu Guo 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

The oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious pest of stone and pome fruit trees worldwide. G. molesta can switch hosts and produce multiple generations per year. Both the primary and secondary host plants of G. molesta emit aldehydes. Here, we tested whether these aldehydes are helpful for host switching of G. molesta. SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction)-GC–MS analysis identified four aldehydes (octanal, nonanal, decanal, and benzaldehyde) from volatiles of late-season yellow peach fruits. Of the four aldehydes, eletroantennogram analysis showed that nonanal produced the strongest response from the antennae of virgin and mated females. In Y-tube bioassays, only nonanal was attractive to mated G. molesta females amongst the four aldehydes, suggesting that nonanal is important for host recognition in G. molesta. In a field trial, each of the four aldehydes was tested as an attractant for both sexes of G. molesta. The traps baited with nonanal captured more female G. molesta, as compared to traps with other aldehydes and control; the traps baited with benzaldehyde captured most male G. molesta. Our research investigations provide theoretical foundation for biological control of G. molesta females. Future G. molesta lure designs should take into account sex-specific differences in the response to individual aldehydes.

Lectin from Agrocybe aegerita as a Glycophenotype Probe for Evaluation of Progression and Survival in Colorectal Cancer

Liang, Yi,Chen, Hua,Zhang, Han-Bin,Jin, Yan-Xia,Guo, Hong-Qiang,Chen, Xing-Gui,Sun, Hui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

Background: Agrocybe aegerita Lectin (AAL) has been identified to have high affinity for sulfated and ${\alpha}2$-3-linked sialic acid glycoconjugates, especially the sulfated and sialyl TF (Thomsen-Friedenreich) disaccharide. This study was conducted to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of AAL in identifying aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: Glycoconjugate expression in 59 CRC tissues were detected using AAL-histochemistry. Clinicopathological associates of expression were analyzed with chisquare test or Fisher's exact test. Relationships between expression and the various clinicopathological parameters was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Results: AAL specific glycoconjugate expression was significantly higher in tumor than corresponding normal tissues (66.1% and 46.1%, respectively, p=0.037), correlating with depth of invasion (p=0.015) and TNM stage (p=0.024). Patients with lower expression levels had a significantly higher survival rate than those with higher expression (p=0.046 by log rank test and p=0.047 by Breslow test for overall survival; p=0.054 by log rank test and P=0.038 by Breslow test for progress free survival). A marginally significant association was found between AAL specific glycoconjugate expression and overall survival by univariate Cox regression analysis (p=0.059). Conclusions: Lower AAL specific glycoconjugate expression is a significant favorable prognostic factor for overall and progress free survival in CRC. This is the first report about the employment of AAL for histochemical analysis of cancer tissues. The binding characteristics of AAL means it has potential to become a powerful tool for the glycan investigation and clinical application.

Antitumor Activity of the Protein and Small Molecule Component Fractions from Agrocybe aegerita Through Enhancement of Cytokine Production

Yi Liang,Hong-Hong Liu,Yi-Jie Chen,Hui Sun 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.4

A water soluble extract from the medicinal mushroom Agrocybe aegerita has been shown to stimulate splenocyte proliferation, cytotoxic activity, and tumor rejection effect in tumor-bearing mouse models. In the present study, the crude extract was separated into a protein component fraction (Yp), mainly containing lectins and serine proteinase, and a small molecule component fraction (Ys), mainly containing triethylene glycol, a-bisabolol, n-hexadecanoic acid, and so on. The antitumor activity of the fractions was investigated in a tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse model. Repeat administration of Yp and Ys significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < .001), but little toxicity was observed. Moreover, the protein fraction Yp performed better than Ys in both antitumor and lifespan-prolonging activity. The cytokine expression levels in serum and splenocytes from extract-treated mice were selectively screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction, and the results showed that Yp upregulated the mRNA level of Th2 cytokine interleukin-10 (P < .01), and Ys increased the mRNA level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (P < .01) and antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-b (P < .01). All these data suggest that Yp and Ys can inhibit tumor growth via different mechanisms, which promotes the understanding of antitumor properties of medicinal fungi.

Outcomes of Secondary Laminoplasty for Patients with Unsatisfactory Results after Anterior Multilevel Cervical Surgery

Liu, Hong-Wei,Chen, Liang,Xu, Nan-Wei,Yang, Hui-Lin,Gu, Yong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2015 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.57 No.1

Objective : To investigate the causes for failed anterior cervical surgery and the outcomes of secondary laminoplasty. Methods : Seventeen patients failed anterior multilevel cervical surgery and the following conservative treatments between Feb 2003 and May 2011 underwent secondary laminoplasty. Outcomes were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Scale and visual analogue scale (VAS) before the secondary surgery, at 1 week, 2 months, 6 months, and the final visit. Cervical alignment, causes for revision and complications were also assessed. Results : With a mean follow-up of $29.7{\pm}12.1$ months, JOA score, recovery rate and excellent to good rate improved significantly at 2 months (p< 0.05) and maintained thereafter (p>0.05). Mean VAS score decreased postoperatively (p<0.05). Lordotic angle maintained during the entire follow up (p>0.05). The causes for secondary surgery were inappropriate approach in 3 patients, insufficient decompression in 4 patients, adjacent degeneration in 2 patients, and disease progression in 8 patients. Complications included one case of C5 palsy, axial pain and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, respectively. Conclusion : Laminoplasty has satisfactory results in failed multilevel anterior surgery, with a low incidence of complications.

A comparative study of an energy-balanced routing in various wireless sensor network models

Xiao Hui Li,Zhi Wen Shang,Seung Ho Hong,Bing Zhao,Xiaobing Liang 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The battery-powered wireless sensor networks are limited by the energy capacity and communication ability. Designing a suitable routing algorithm to improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime is highly required. However, a lack of knowledge with regard to how to apply these routing algorithms is a barrier for users in taking advantage of this method. Here we compare and evaluate the performances of two routing algorithms: ADOVjr and EBR that we have developed for WSN in three network models constructed by complex network theory. Based on the simulation results on the network lifetime and energy consumption behaviors, we suggest appropriate application areas for these two algorithms. Our performance analysis will help the improvement of energy-balanced routing algorithms and guide their implementation on WSN.

Exogenous Natural Glycoprotein Multiple Mechanisms of Anti-tumor Activity

Yuan, Hong-Liang,Liu, Xiao-Lei,Dai, Qi-Chang,Song, Hui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

Natural glycoproteins can induce apoptosis of tumor cells and exert anti-tumor activity by immunomodulatory functions, cytotoxic and anti-inflammation effects, and inhibition of endothelial growth factor. Given their prospects as novel agents, sources of natural antitumor glycoproteins have attracted attention and new research directions in glycoprotein biology are gradually shifting to the direction of cancer treatment and prevention of neoplastic disease. In this review, we summarize the latest findings with regard to the tumor suppressor signature of glycoproteins and underlying regulatory mechanisms.