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Hidetake Hara,Hiroshi Muraishi,Hiroki Matsuzawa,Toshiyuki Inoue,Yasuo Nakajima,Hitoshi Satoh,Shinji Abe 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.1
We have recently developed a phantom that simulates acute ischemic stroke. We attempted to visualize an acute-stage cerebral infarction by using dual-energy Computed tomography (DECT) to obtain virtual monochromatic images of this phantom. Virtual monochromatic images were created by using DECT voltages from 40 to 100 keV in steps of 10 keV and from 60 to 80 keV in steps of 1 keV, under three conditions of the tube voltage with thin (Sn) filters. Calculation of the CNR values allowed us to evaluate the visualization of acute-stage cerebral infarction. The CNR value of a virtual monochromatic image was the highest at 68 keV under 80 kV / Sn 140 kV, at 72 keV under 100 kV / Sn 140 kV, and at 67 keV under 140 kV / 80 kV. The CNR values of virtual monochromatic images at voltages between 65 and 75 keV were significantly higher than those obtained for all other created images. Therefore, the optimal conditions for visualizing acute ischemic stroke were achievable.
Fluctuations in Humans's Walking II
Tsunehiro OBATA,Hiroaki HARA,Hiroshi OSHIMA,Hitoshi OSAKI,Takayuki SHIMIZU 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.3
Mathematical laws in the walking of human beings are experimentally investigated using inexpensive GPS receivers. Subjects with their eyes blindfolded and ears stoppled are asked to walk straight on a wide playground. Then, the subjects behave like random walkers. How do the subjects walk? When persons move in whiteout, such as in snowy mountains veiled in dense fog or mist, they are often reported to wander along ring-like orbits and return near the start point. Similar ring-wandering phenomena are produced by a controlled eld experiment. The ring-wandering tendency in an old person is found to be stronger than that in a young person. The time series X(t) and Y (t) of the walking trajectories in a Descartes X-Y coordinate system set up on the playground are studied using a Hurst R/S analysis and a power spectrum analysis. Both the time series have a 1=f characteristic in the frequency region 10 mHz . f . 500 mHz, where is a numerical factor of order 1 and depends on each person. For frequencies less than the lower bound, peaks relating to ring-wandering walks are observed. The upper bound frequency of 500 mHz is not a characteristic of walking, but a limit due to the performance of the GPS receivers used in this experiment, which output position data every second. The R/S analysis of the time series X(t) and Y (t) shows that the Hurst exponent H is independent of any walker and any walking and that H is almost equal to one.
Miyu Tanaka,Yuta Yoshino,Shogo Takeda,Kazuya Toda,Hiroshi Shimoda,Kazuhiro Tsuruma,Masamitsu Shimazawa,Hideaki Hara 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.10
Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and function, is mainly observed in elderly people. In this study, we investigated whether fermented rice germ extract (FRGE) has some effects on the mouse gastrocnemius muscle by using behavioral and morphological analyses, Western blotting, and a murine model of immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. Daily oral FRGE administration increased muscle weight and strength. In addition, myofiber size in gastrocnemius muscle of FRGE-treated mice was increased as revealed by morphological quantification. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which inhibits protein synthesis and stimulates protein degradation in gastrocnemius muscle, was significantly attenuated in the FRGE-treated mice compared with control mice. Expression level of forkhead box 3a (FOXO3a) protein was also significantly decreased in the FRGE-treated group. Moreover, the decrease in mean myofiber cross-sectional area in immobilized hindlimb in vehicle-treated mice was inhibited by FRGE treatment in histological analysis. In conclusion, FRGE increased the strength and weight of gastrocnemius muscle and myofiber size, and reduced immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in mice. These findings indicated that FRGE might be beneficial in preventing motor dysfunction in a range of conditions, including sarcopenia.
Daimon Shiraishi,Yusuke Nishimura,Isaac Aguirre-Carreno,Masahito Hara,Satoshi Yoshikawa,Kaoru Eguchi,Yoshitaka Nagashima,Hiroshi Ito,Shoichi Haimoto,Yu Yamamoto,Howard J. Ginsberg,Masakazu Takayasu,Ry 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.4
Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the clinical and radiographic characteristics of traumatic craniocervical junction (CCJ) injuries requiring occipitocervical fusion (OC fusion) for early diagnosis and surgical intervention. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with CCJ injuries presenting to St. Michaels Hospital in Toronto who underwent OC fusion and looked into the following variables; (1) initial trauma data on emergency room arrival, (2) associated injuries, (3) imaging characteristics of computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (4) surgical procedures, surgical complications, and neurological outcome. Results: All patients were treated as acute spinal injuries and underwent OC fusion on an emergency basis. Patients consisted of 10 males and 2 females with an average age of 47 years (range, 18–82 years). All patients sustained high-energy injuries. Three patients out of 6 patients with normal BAI (basion-axial interval) and BDI (basion-dens interval) values showed visible CCJ injuries on CT scans. However, the remaining 3 patients had no clear evidence of occipitoatlantal instability on CT scans. MRI clearly described several findings indicating occipitoatlantal instability. The 8 patients with normal values of ADI (atlanto-dens interval interval) demonstrated atlantoaxial instability on CT scan, however, all MRI more clearly and reliably demonstrated C1/2 facet injury and/or cruciate ligament injury. Conclusion: We advocate measures to help recognize CCJ injury at an early stage in the present study. Occipitoatlantal instability needs to be carefully investigated on MRI in addition to CT scan with special attention to facet joint and ligament integrity.
Katata, Genki,Yamaguchi, Takashi,Sato, Haruna,Watanabe, Yoko,Noguchi, Izumi,Hara, Hiroshi,Nagai, Haruyasu Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
Fog deposition onto the cool-temperate deciduous forest around Lake Mashu in northern Japan was estimated by the inferential method using the parameterizations of deposition velocity and liquid water content of fog (LWC). Two parameterizations of fog deposition velocity derived from field experiments in Europe and numerical simulations using a detailed multi-layer atmosphere-vegetation-soil model were tested. The empirical function between horizontal visibility (VIS) and LWC was applied to produce hourly LWC as an input data for the inferential method. Weekly mean LWC computed from VIS had a good correlation with LWC sampled by an active string-fog collector. By considering the enhancement of fog deposition due to the edge effect, fog deposition calculated by the inferential method using two parameterizations of deposition velocity agreed with that computed from throughfall data. The results indicated that the inferential method using the current parameterizations of deposition velocity and LWC can provide a rough estimation of water input due to fog deposition onto cool-temperature deciduous forests. Limitations of current parameterizations of deposition velocity related to wind speed, evaporation loss of rain and fog droplets intercepted by tree canopies, and leaf area index were discussed.
Takashi Yamaguchi,Izumi Noguchi,Yoko Watanabe,Genki Katata,Haruna Sato,Hiroshi Hara 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
The fog water chemistry and deposition in northern Japan were investigated by fog water and throughfall measurements in 2010. Fog water was sampled weekly by an active-string fog sampler at Lake Mashu from May to November. Throughfall measurements were conducted using rain gauges under three deciduous trees along the somma of the lake from August to October. The mean fog deposition rate (flux) was calculated using throughfall data to estimate the total fog water deposition amount for the entire sampling period. NH4+ and SO42- were the most abundant cation and anion, respectively, in the fog water samples. A mean pH of 5.08 in the fog water, which is higher than those in rural areas in Japan, was observed. The [NH4+]/[SO42-] equivalent ratio in fog water was larger than 1.0 throughout the study period, indicating that NH3 gas was the primary neutralizing agent for fog water acidity. The mean rate and total amount of fog water deposition were estimated as 0.15 mm h-1 and 164 mm, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and sulfate deposition via fog water deposition were corresponded to those reported values of the annual deposition amounts via rainfall.
Yamaguchi, Takashi,Noguchi, Izumi,Watanabe, Yoko,Katata, Genki,Sato, Haruna,Hara, Hiroshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
The fog water chemistry and deposition in northern Japan were investigated by fog water and throughfall measurements in 2010. Fog water was sampled weekly by an active-string fog sampler at Lake Mashu from May to November. Throughfall measurements were conducted using rain gauges under three deciduous trees along the somma of the lake from August to October. The mean fog deposition rate (flux) was calculated using throughfall data to estimate the total fog water deposition amount for the entire sampling period. $NH_4{^+}$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ were the most abundant cation and anion, respectively, in the fog water samples. A mean pH of 5.08 in the fog water, which is higher than those in rural areas in Japan, was observed. The [$NH_4{^+}$]/[$SO{_4}^{2-}$] equivalent ratio in fog water was larger than 1.0 throughout the study period, indicating that $NH_3$ gas was the primary neutralizing agent for fog water acidity. The mean rate and total amount of fog water deposition were estimated as 0.15 mm $h^{-1}$ and 164 mm, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and sulfate deposition via fog water deposition were corresponded to those reported values of the annual deposition amounts via rainfall.