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Satoshi Inagaki,Ayumi Osawa,Ayumi Yoshikawa 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim: To investigate the effect of continuing ethical education and on-site ethics-related meetings on the moral efficacy of clinical nurses and examine their perception of ethical climate in the workplace. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted by administering Japanese versions of the Moral Efficacy Scale (J-MES) and Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (J-HECS) to 300 nurses working at four hospitals in Japan. Respondents who underwent ethical education within the past year were considered one group, and the second group consisted of those who did not. Further, groups were formed based on the conduction of ethics-related meetings in respondents’ respective departments. The total and subscale scores of J-MES and J-HECS were calculated, and group scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The 300 questionnaires that were distributed, generated 191 valid responses with a collection rate of 63%. The J-MES scores of the group that continued ethical education did not differ significantly from the group that did not receive it. Analysis of the J-HECS scores show that the group with ethical education had a significantly more positive perception of ethical climate in their workplace than the group that did not receive it (p<0.05). Moreover, the nurses who participated in on-site ethics-related meetings at their wards had higher J-MES and J-HECS scores than those who did not (p <0.05). Conclusions: Merely providing ethics education may not affect the moral efficacy of nurses. Further research is required to clarify the kind of ethics education/training needed to enhance moral efficacy. Furthermore, an environment in which ethical issues can be discussed within a department positively influences the moral efficacy of nurses. It is clear that the opportunity to simply discuss the patient positively influences the nurse"s perception.
Profile Measurements of Micro-aspheric Surfaces Using an Air-bearing Stylus with a Microprobe
Shibuya, Atsushi,Gao, Wei,Yoshikawa, Yasuo,Ju, Bing-Feng,Kiyono, Satoshi Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2007 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.2
A novel scanning probe measurement system was developed to enable precise profile measurements of microaspheric surfaces. An air-bearing stylus with a microprobe was used to perform the surface profile scanning. The new system worked in a contact mode and had the capability of measuring micro-aspheric surfaces with large tilt angles and complex profiles. Due to limitations resulting from the contact mode, such as possible damage caused by the contact force and lateral resolution restrictions from the curvature of the probe tip, several system improvements were implemented. An air bearing was used to suspend the shaft of the probe to reduce the contact force, enabling fine adjustments of the contact force by changing the air pressure. The movement of the shaft was measured by a linear encoder with a scale attached to the actual shaft to avoid Abbe errors. A $50-{\mu}m-diameter$ glass sphere was bonded to the tip of the probe to improve the lateral resolution of the system. The maximum contact force of the probe was 10 mN. The shaft was capable of holding the probe continuously if the contact force was less than 40 mN, and the resolution of the probe could be as high as 10 nm, The performance of the new scanning probe measurement system was verified by experimental data.
Yoshiki Ikeda,Masato Yoshihara,Satoshi Tamauchi,Akira Yokoi,Nobuhisa Yoshikawa,Hiroaki Kajiyama 대한부인종양학회 2022 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.33 No.4
Objective: The survival benefits of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RLNA) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain controversial because clinical behaviors differ among subtypes. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether RLNA increases the survival rate of advanced high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 3,227 patients with EOC treated between 1986 and 2017 at 14 institutions. Among them, 335 patients with stage IIB-IV HGSC who underwent optimal cytoreduction (residual tumor of <1 cm) were included. Patients were divided into the RLNA group (n=170) and non-RLNA group (n=165). All pathological slides were assessed based on a central pathological review. Oncologic outcomes were compared between the two groups in the original and weighted cohorts adjusted with the inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results: The median observation period was 49.8 (0.5–241.5) months. Overall, 219 (65%) out of 335 patients had recurrence or progression, while 146 (44%) died of the disease. In the original cohort, RLNA was a significant prognostic factor for longer progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR]=0.741; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.558–0.985) and overall survival (OS) (HR=0.652; 95% CI=0.459–0.927). In the weighted cohort in which all variables were well balanced as standardized differences decreased, RLNA was also a significant prognostic factor for more favorable oncologic outcomes (PFS, adjusted HR=0.742; 95% CI=0.613–0.899) and OS, adjusted HR=0.620; 95% CI=0.488–0.787). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that RLNA for stage III-IV HGSC with no residual tumor after primary debulking surgery contributed to better oncologic outcomes.
Deep Brain Photoreceptors and Photoperiodism in Vertebrates
Oishi, Tadashi,Haida, Yuka,Okano, Keiko,Yoshikawa, Tomoko,Kawano, Emi,Nagai, Kiyoko,Fukada, Yoshitaka,Tsutsui, Kazuyoshi,Tamotsu, Satoshi Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
Photoperiodism is an important adaptive phenomenon in various physiological parameters including reproduction to cope with seasonal changes. Involvement of extraretinal photoreceptors in the photoperiodism in non-mammalian vertebrates has been well established. In addition, circadian clock system is known to be involved in the photoperiodic time measurement. The pathway consists of light-input system, time measurement system (circadian clock), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) production in the hypothalamus, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) production in the pituitary, and final gonadal development. Recently, several laboratories reported photopigments newly cloned in the pineal, eyes and deep brain in addition to already known visual pigments in the retina. These are pinopsin, parapinopsin, VA-opsin, melanopsin, etc. All these photopigments belong to the opsin family having retinal as the chromophore. However, the function of these photopigments remains unknown. I reviewed the studies on the location of the photopigments by immunocytochemistry. I also discussed the results on the action spectra for induction of gonadal development in relation with the location of the photoreceptors. Various physiologically active substances distribute in the vertebrate brain. Such substances are GnRH, GnIH, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, c-Fos, galanin, neurosteroids, etc. I summarized the immunhistochemical studies on the distribution and the photoperiodic changes of these substances and discussed the route from the deep brain photoreceptor to GnRH cells.
Profile Measurements of Micro-aspheric Surfaces Using an Air-bearing Stylus with a Microprobe
Atsushi Shibuya,Wei Gao,Yasuo Yoshikawa,Bing-Feng Ju,Satoshi Kiyono 한국정밀공학회 2007 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.2
A novel scanning probe measurement system was developed to enable precise profile measurements of micro-aspheric surfaces. An air-bearing stylus with a microprobe was used to perform the surface profile scanning. The new system worked in a contact mode and had the capability of measuring micro-aspheric surfaces with large tilt angles and complex profiles. Due to limitations resulting from the contact mode, such as possible damage caused by the contact force and lateral resolution restrictions from the curvature of the probe tip, several system improvements were implemented. An air bearing was used to suspend the shaft of the probe to reduce the contact force, enabling fine adjustments of the contact force by changing the air pressure. The movement of the shaft was measured by a linear encoder with a scale attached to the actual shaft to avoid Abbe errors. A 50-㎛-diameter glass sphere was bonded to the tip of the probe to improve the lateral resolution of the system. The maximum contact force of the probe was 10 mN The shaft was capable of holding the probe continuously if the contact force was less than 40 mN, and the resolution of the probe could be as high as 10 ㎚. The performance of the new scanning probe measurement system was verified by experimental data.
Hiroaki Kajiyama,Shiro Suzuki,Nobuhisa Yoshikawa,Satoshi Tamauchi,Kiyosumi Shibata,Fumitaka Kikkawa 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.4
Objective: The impact of systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (SRL) remainscontroversial in patients with advanced ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (CCC) who areoptimally debulked. Methods: Between 1986 and 2017, a total of 3,227 women with epithelial ovarian carcinomawere analyzed in a multi-institutional study. Among them, 166 optimally debulked womenwith stage IIB–IV CCC were collected (residual tumor of <1 cm). All patients were divided into2 groups: 1) Group I (n=112): underwent standard radical surgery with SRL, 2) Group II (n=54):underwent non-staging limited surgery. The pathological slides were assessed based on centralpathological review. Oncologic outcomes were compared between the two groups using apropensity score (PS)-matching technique to adjust for various clinicopathologic factors. Results: The median follow-up duration of all surviving women was 52.8 (1.6–184.2) months. Overall, 88 patients (53.0%) experienced recurrence and 68 patients (41.0%) died of thedisease. In the original cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of groups I and II were57.9 and 64.9%, respectively (log-rank p=0.415). In the PS-adjusted cohort, the 5-year OSrates were 64.9 and 58.8% in women in groups I and II, respectively (p=0.453). Furthermore,in the PS-matched cohort after adjustment for multiple clinicopathologic factors, there wasno significant difference in OS between the 2 groups (group I vs. group II; hazard ratio=1.170;95% confidence interval=0.633–2.187; p=0.615). Conclusions: This study suggests that the performance of SRL including radical surgery maynot lead to a significant improvement in the oncologic outcome of advanced CCC patientswith optimal cytoreduction.