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Individualization of Marriage and Work Life Choices
Hiromi Tanaka,Catherine W. Ng 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2012 Asian Women Vol.28 No.1
Current social changes in post-industrialized societies include the rise of alternate ways of living. One notable development in this light is the increase in the number of single-person households. This article intends to offer insights on the social meaning of the changing patterns of individualized ways of living among never-married employed women. In so doing, we aim to contribute to academic discussions on individualization and life-course or biographical changes, which so far have not adequately reflected non-Western experiences. Based on qualitative studies of never-married employed women in Hong Kong and Tokyo, we examine their life choices on marriage and work to better understand how individuals craft their ways of living. Our analysis reveals that individualization of women’s lifestyles does not necessarily involve a dramatic surge in individual autonomy or the erosion of the traditional marriage institution. We argue that in East Asian late modernity biographical freedom for women is still constrained by the conventions that characterized the first modernity.
Inada, Hiromi,Hirayama, Yoichi,Tamura, Keiji,Terauchi, Daisuke,Namekawa, Ryoji,Shichiji, Takeharu,Sato, Takahiro,Suzuki, Yuya,Ohtsu, Yoshihiro,Watanabe, Keitaro,Konno, Mitsuru,Tanaka, Hiroyuki,Saito, Korean Society of Microscopy 2015 Applied microscopy Vol.45 No.1
We have developed a new HD-2700 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Japan) scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) that includes an automatic aberration correction function, and a large-solid-angle energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector that enables high-resolution and sensitive analysis. For observation with atomic resolution, using spherical-aberration-corrected STEM, in order that satisfactory performance of the device can be achieved readily, and within a short time, irrespective of the operator's skill level, a spherical-aberration-correction device with an automatic aberration-correction function was developed. This automatic aberration-correction function carries out the entire correction-related process (aberration measurement, selection and correction) automatically, with automatic selection of the aberrations that require correction, and automatic measurement of the appropriate corrections.
A 32-Gb/s Inductorless Output Buffer Circuit with Adjustable Pre-emphasis in 65-㎚ CMOS
Tomoki Tanaka,Keiji Kishine,Akira Tsuchiya,Hiromi Inaba,Daichi Omoto 대한전자공학회 2016 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.5 No.3
Optical communication systems are rapidly spread following increases in data traffic. In this work, a 32-Gb/s inductorless output buffer circuit with adjustable pre-emphasis is proposed. The proposed circuit consists of an output buffer circuit and an emphasis circuit. The emphasis circuit emphasizes the high frequency components and adds the characteristics of the output buffer circuit. We proposed a design method using a small-signal equivalent-circuit model and designed the compensation characteristics with a 65-㎚ CMOS process in detail using HSPICE simulation. We also realized adjustable emphasis characteristics by controlling the voltage. To confirm the advantages of the proposed circuit and the design method, we fabricated an output buffer IC with adjustable pre-emphasis. We measured the jitter and eye height with a 32-Gb/s input using the IC. Measurement results of double-emphasis showed that the jitter was 14% lower, and the eye height was 59% larger than single-emphasis, indicating that our proposed configuration can be applied to the design of an output buffer circuit for higher operation speed.
Simple Routing Control System for 10 Gb/s Data Transmission Using a Frequency Modulation Technique
Daichi Omoto,Keiji Kishine,Hiromi Inaba,Tomoki Tanaka 대한전자공학회 2016 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.5 No.3
This paper describes a simple routing control system. We propose achieving high-speed data transmission without modifying the data frame configuration. To add a routing control signal, called the “labeling signal” in this paper, to the data frame, we use a frequency modulation technique on the transmitted frame. This means you need not change the data frame when you transmit additional signals. Using a prototype system comprising a field-programmable gate array and discrete elements, we investigate the system performance and devise a method to achieve high resolution. A three-channel routing control for a 10 Gb/s data frame was achieved, which confirms the advantages of the proposed system.
Improving Flow Distribution in a Suction Channel for a Highly Efficient Centrifugal Compressor
Yagi, Manabu,Shibata, Takanori,Kobayashi, Hiromi,Tanaka, Masanori,Nishida, Hideo Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2012 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.5 No.3
Design parameters for suction channels of process centrifugal compressors were investigated, and an optimization method to enhance stage efficiency by using the new design parameters was proposed. From results of computational fluid dynamics, the passage sectional area ratios $A_c/A_e$, $A_e/A_s$ and $A_c/A_s$ were found to be the dominant parameters for the pressure loss and circumferential flow distortion, where $A_c$, $A_e$ and $A_s$ are passage sectional areas for the casing upstream side, casing entrance and impeller eye, respectively. The Base suction channel was optimized using the new design parameters, and the Base and Optimized types were tested. Test results showed that the Optimized suction channel achieved 3.8% higher stage efficiency than the Base suction channel while maintaining the same operating range.
Keiji Yokoyama,Ryo Yamauchi,Kumiko Shibata,Hiromi Fukuda,Hideo Kunimoto,Kazuhide Takata,Takashi Tanaka,Shinjiro Inomata,Daisuke Morihara,Yasuaki Takeyama,Satoshi Shakado,Shotaro Sakisaka 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2
Background/Aims: There is a controversy about the availability of invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices in patients with Child-Pugh class C (CP-C) end-stage liver cirrhosis (LC). We have evaluated the validity of invasive treatment with CP-C end-stage LC patients. Methods: The study enrolled 51 patients with CP-C end-stage LC who had undergone invasive treatment. The treatment modalities included endoscopic variceal ligation in 22 patients, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in 17 patients, and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in 12 patients. We have investigated the overall survival (OS) rates and risk factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment. Results: The OS rate in all patients at one, three, and five years was 72.6%, 30.2%, and 15.1%, respectively. The OS rate in patients who received endoscopic treatment and the BRTO group at one, three, and five years was 67.6%, 28.2% and 14.1% and 90.0%, 36.0% and 18.0%, respectively. The average of Child-Pugh scores (CPS) from before treatment to one month after variceal treatment significantly improved from 10.53 to 10.02 (P=0.003). Three significant factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment included the presence of bleeding varices, high CPS (≥11), and high serum total bilirubin levels (≥4.0 mg/dL). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that patients with a CPS of up to 10 and less than 4.0 mg/dL of serum total bilirubin levels may not have a negative impact on prognosis after invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices despite their CP-C end-stage LC.
Barbosa Carolina Meneghin,Scatolin Renata Siqueira,Vieira-Junior Waldemir Francisco,Tanaka Marcia Hiromi,Ferraz Laura Nobre 대한치과보존학회 2023 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.48 No.3
Objective This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of different whitening toothpastes on a composite resin during at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. Materials and Methods Sixty samples (7 mm × 2 mm) were used for color and roughness analyses, while another 60 samples (3 mm × 2 mm) were utilized to assess microhardness. The factors analyzed included toothpaste, for which 5 options with varying active agents were tested (distilled water; conventional toothpaste; whitening toothpaste with abrasive agents; whitening toothpaste with abrasive and chemical agents; and whitening toothpaste with abrasive, chemical, and bleaching agents). Brushing and application of whitening gel were performed for 14 days. Surface microhardness (SMH), surface roughness (Ra), and color (∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b, ∆E*ab, and ∆E00) were analyzed. The Ra and SMH data were analyzed using mixed generalized linear models for repeated measures, while the color results were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Results Between the initial and final time points, all groups demonstrated significant increases in Ra and reductions in SMH. No significant differences were found between groups for SMH at the final time point, at which all groups differed from the distilled water group. Conventional toothpaste exhibited the lowest Ra, while whitening toothpaste with abrasive agent had the highest value. No significant differences were observed in ∆L*, ∆a*, and ∆b. Conclusions While toothpaste composition did not affect the color stability and microhardness of resin composite, combining toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste and at-home bleaching enhanced the change in Ra. Objective This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of different whitening toothpastes on a composite resin during at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. Materials and Methods Sixty samples (7 mm × 2 mm) were used for color and roughness analyses, while another 60 samples (3 mm × 2 mm) were utilized to assess microhardness. The factors analyzed included toothpaste, for which 5 options with varying active agents were tested (distilled water; conventional toothpaste; whitening toothpaste with abrasive agents; whitening toothpaste with abrasive and chemical agents; and whitening toothpaste with abrasive, chemical, and bleaching agents). Brushing and application of whitening gel were performed for 14 days. Surface microhardness (SMH), surface roughness (Ra), and color (∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b, ∆E*ab, and ∆E00) were analyzed. The Ra and SMH data were analyzed using mixed generalized linear models for repeated measures, while the color results were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Results Between the initial and final time points, all groups demonstrated significant increases in Ra and reductions in SMH. No significant differences were found between groups for SMH at the final time point, at which all groups differed from the distilled water group. Conventional toothpaste exhibited the lowest Ra, while whitening toothpaste with abrasive agent had the highest value. No significant differences were observed in ∆L*, ∆a*, and ∆b. Conclusions While toothpaste composition did not affect the color stability and microhardness of resin composite, combining toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste and at-home bleaching enhanced the change in Ra.