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김철희,장임석,김정수,Fan Meng,Mizuo Kajino,Hiromasa Ueda,Yuanhang Zhang,손혜영,Youjiang He,Jun Xu,Keiichi Sato,송창근,반수진,Tatsuya Sakurai,Zhiwei Han,Lei Duan,이석조,심상규,영선우,이태영 한국기상학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.47 No.4
Three comprehensive acid deposition models were used to simulate the sulfur concentrations over northeast Asia over the period covering entire year of 2002, and discussed the aggregated uncertainties and discrepancies of the three models. The participating models are from the countries participating in the project of Longrange Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP): China,Japan and Korea. The Eulerian Model-3/CMAQ (by China), Regional Air Quality Model (RAQM, by Japan), and Comprehensive Acid Deposition Model (CADM, by Korea) were employed by each country with common emissions data established by the administrative agencies of China, Japan and Korea. The episodic simulation results between 1 to 15, March 2002 are also presented, during which aircraft measurements were carried out over the Yellow sea. The episodic results show both a wide short-term variability in simulations against measurements, and maximum concentration differences of 3~5 times among the three models, requiring that further attention before confidence among the three models can be claimed for short-term simulations. However, the year-long cumulative simulations showed almost the same general features, with lower aggregated uncertainties between the three models, produced by the long term integration over northeast Asia.
Influence of continental outflow events on the aerosol composition at Cheju Island,South Korea
Park, John K.,Arimoto, Richard,Savoie, Dennis,Carmichael, Gregory R,Prospero, Joseph,Hong, Min-Sun,Ueda, Hiromasa,Murano, Kentaro,Chen, Li-Ling,Kim, Y. P.,Shim, Shang,Lee, Ho-geun,Song, Chul H.,Kang, 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究 Vol.11 No.1
The chemical composition of aerosols measured at Cheju Island, Korea, over the 3-year period March 1992 to February 1995 are presented and discussed, with a particular emphasis on the Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Western Pacific (PEM-West B) time period. Cheju Island is under the influence of continental outflow conditions nearly 70% of the year, and as a result the aerosol loading of sea salt as well as continental aerosol components is high. The 3-year mean values derived from the daily tape filters are non-sea-salt (nss) SO₄²?=6.8㎍/㎥, NO₃?=1.2㎍/㎥, Cl??=1.9㎍/㎥, Na+=1.7㎍/㎥, Ca²?=0.5㎍/㎥, NH₄?=1.3㎍/㎥, Mg²?=0.3㎍/㎥, and K+=0.4㎍/㎥. Sea-salt components show peak values in winter, while calcium, nitrate, potassium, and to a lesser extent, sulfate and ammonium, show higher values in the spring, and all species exhibit a pronounced minimum in summer. Trajectory and principal component analysis show that elevated levels of primary aerosols (both sea salt and soil-derived) occur with strong wind conditions associated with winter and spring, and high concentrations of non-sea-salt components are most strongly associated with springtime continental outflow events. During the PEM-West B period, nitrate and calcium are found to be ∼60% higher than the annual mean, sea-salt components ∼30% higher, and sulfate ∼10% higher. The aerosol data are combined with gaseous SO₂ concentrations, precipitation chemistry data and companion aerosol measurements taken at the same site, to provide further insights into the aerosol composition at Cheju. At Cheju, sulfate and ammonium are found mostly in the fine fraction (∼80 to 90%), while calcium and nitrate reside in the coarse size fraction. sulfate and nitrate are not associated with the primary aerosols, but rather become associated with the aerosol during the long-range transport process.
Aerosol composition at Cheju Island, Korea
Kim, Young,Kang, C.,Lee, Hogeun,Park, John K.,Hong, Min-Sun,Shim, Shang,Chen, Li-Ling,Carmichael, Gregory R.,Ueda, Hiromasa,Murano, Kentaro 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1
The seasonal variation in chemical composition of aerosols measured at Cheju Island, Korea, is presented and discussed. Daily tape filters have been obtained for the three year period analyzed, March 1992 through February 1995. The annual average non-sea-salt sulfate and citrate mass concentrations of aerosols measured at Cheju, are 7.2μg/㎥ and 1.2μg/㎥, respectively; while calcium and potassium are present in nearly equal amounts of ∼0.5μg/㎥, and ammonium averages 1.3μg/㎥. The annual mean mass ratios are ?? and ?? Each species is found to follow a seasonal cycle, with sulfate, citrate, ammonium, potassium, and calcium all showing higher values in the spring. In contrast, chlorine concentrations are 10% lower in the spring. Aerosol enrichment factors relative to the composition of seawater and crustal material from the dust-source regions in central China reveal that the aerosol measured at Cheju is enriched in sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, but is deficient in chlorine (relative to seawater). The data from the daily tape filters are also compared with those from weekly Hi-Vol filters located at the same site and other measurements in the region.