이종기 동시의 시적 사유와 현실 대응

김종헌(Kim, Jong Heon) 한국아동문학학회 2007 한국아동문학연구 Vol.- No.13

이종기는 1949년 ≪어린이나라≫ 11월호에 동시 ?가을?을 발표한 이후 1950 년대 ≪소년세계≫와 1960년대 ≪새벗≫을 중심으로 활발하게 활동한 시인이 다. 그는 신인으로 등장하면서부터 동요의 형태를 벗어난 자유율의 동시를 발표 한다. 또한 그는 과학과 역사를 현실인식의 도구로 삼으면서 서정적 이미지로 동시를 형상화하고 있다. 이처럼 그는 줄곧 현실의 문제를 다루면서도 서정성 짙은 작품을 발표하였다. 이러한 점에서 그는 주목할 만한 아동문학가이다. 그러 나 이종기 동시에 대한 연구는 대체로 자유율의 동시와 ?하늘과 땅의 사랑?을 중심으로 실험적인 서사동시에 모아져 있다. 그의 시작(詩作)활동의 비중으로 볼 때 이와 같은 연구는 당연하다. 그러나 그의 동시는 세계와 자아의 갈등을 회복하고자하는 비동일적(disidentification)인 서정성이 짙게 배어 있다. 뿐만 아니 라 일제 강점기에 거치면서 왜곡된 역사를 배운 그는 이를 바로잡고자 하는 역사 의식도 그의 동시에는 내재되어 있다. 따라서 그의 동시에 깊게 밴 서정적 현실 대응을 간과한 채 자유율과 실험적 서사동시만을 담론의 한 가운데 놓는 것은 재고되어야 할 것이다. 이종기는 초기 서정시에서 후기 서사시에 이르기까지 그 시적사유가 매우 폭넓게 형성되었다. 그렇지만 그의 동시를 단계적으로 구분하여 볼 수는 없다. 그 이유는 그의 동시에서 소재와 형식의 변화만 있을 뿐 시적 대응태도는 일관되고 있기 때문이다. 즉 초기 서정시에서도 자아와 세계의 행복한 일치가 아니라 자아는 세계에 합일되지 못하고 있다. 이러한 시적대응이 후기의 장동시와 서사동시의 형식적 변화를 통해서 역사와 민족의식으로 옮겨가고 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 이 글은 이종기 동시의 서정적 주체가 어떻게 현실에 대응하는지를 살피고자 한다. Lee Jong-gee announced a juvenile poetry, Autumn(?가을?) in a magazine Childrens World and he was an active poet in magazines Childrens World(≪소년세계≫) in 1950s and A New Friend(≪새벗≫) in 1960s. As a budding poet, he published a juvenile poetry of free rhymes and his poem was beyond a form of nursery songs. And he gave a concrete shape to his juvenile poetry with the lyrical images while he thought of science and history as a means of recognition of realities. Likewise, he published some poems regarding the problems of human realities and strong lyrical characteristics. However, His discourses about juvenile poetry focused on the experimental epic juvenile poetry and they were concerned about a juvenile poetry of free rhymes and The affection of the sky and the earth(?하늘과 땅의 사랑?). Though he experienced the hard days of war and economic development, we could not find the any ideology and the conscious efforts for the children enlightenment in his poetry. In his poems, we could find disidentification for the recovering the conflict between the world and the self. Thus, we have to reconsider the emphasis on the experimental epic juvenile poetry and free rhymes in the controversy of discourse. From the early lyric poems to the late epic poems, Lee Jong-gee formed the way of poetic thinking very extensively but we cannot divide his juvenile poetry by stage. Because his reactions on his poetry was consistent in spite of a slight change in the subject and formation, the self was not united in the early lyrics -not in the harmony of a self and his world. These poetic reactions were shifted to the history and national consciousness by means of formational changes in his late long-length juvenile poetry and epic juvenile poetry. So wed like to inspect closely how the subject of his lyrics reacts to realities in Lee Jong-gees poetry.

제주 오름에 대한 미학적 시선의 출현과 오름 ‘경관’의 형성

진종헌(Jong Heon Jin) 한국문화역사지리학회 2016 문화 역사 지리 Vol.28 No.4

오름은 최근 제주의 대표적 상징경관 중 하나가 되었다. 제주인들에게 오름은 오랜 전통생태적 상호관계로 연결된 삶과 죽음의 터전이자, 일상과 노동의 무대였다. 1990년대 이후 오름에 대한 미학적 시선의 출현은 오름경관에 대한 새로운 인식에서 가장 특징적인 변화였다. 본 연구는 이같은 ‘새로운’ 시선의 출현이 사회적으로 의미하는 바가 무엇인지를 탐구함으로써 제주의 문화 및 정체성의 구성과 사회변화의 매개체로서 오름(경관)의 역할을 강조한다. 이를 위해 故김종철의 『오름나그네』의 의미를 비판적으로 재해석하였다. 오름에 대해 새롭게 나타난 미학적 관점이 『오름나그네』에서 어떻게 드러나고 있는지를 알기 위해, 텍스트에 내재한 담론을 분석하고, 텍스트로서의 『오름나그네』가 생산된 맥락(context)을 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 김종철의 『오름나그네』에서 나타난 오름에 대한 미학적 관점은 ‘낭만주의적 반작용’으로서 경관에 대한 근대적 관점의 중요한 구성부분이라고 할 수 있다. Oreum has recently become one the main symbolic landscapes representing Jeju culture and identity. Oreum had historically been a significant site of life, work and death for Jeju people. Since the early 1990s, the appearance of aesthetic way of seeing Oreum was considered as one of the most critical changes among new viewpoints and ideas of Oreum landscape. The research examines the social implication of such a ‘new’ way of seeing Oreum by reinterpreting ≪OreumNagne≫ written by Kim Jong-Cheol, emphasizing the role of landscape as the medium through which Jeju culture and identity are being constructed and modified. To understand how the new aesthetic viewpoint is shown and signified in the text, three main discourses of the book are analyzed. It can eventually be said that the aesthetic viewpoint is one of the main components of modern way of seeing landscape as the ‘romantic reaction’ against modern development of nature.

이종기의 1950년대 초기동시 연구

김종헌(Kim Jong-heon) 우리말글학회 2010 우리말 글 Vol.49 No.-

Lee Jong-gee announced a juvenile poetry, 'Autumn(「가을」)' in a magazine 'Children's World' and he was an active poet in magazines 'Children's World(『소년세계』)' in 1950s and 'A New Friend(『새벗』)' in 1960s. As a budding poet, he published a juvenile poetry of free rhymes and his poem was beyond a form of nursery songs. And he gave a concrete shape to his juvenile poetry with the lyrical images while he thought of science and history as a means of recognition of realities. Likewise, he published some poems regarding the problems of human realities and strong lyrical characteristics. However, His discourses about juvenile poetry focused on the experimental epic juvenile poetry and they were concerned about a juvenile poetry of free rhymes and ‘The affection of the sky and the earth’(『하늘과 땅의 사랑』). Though he experienced the hard days of war and economic development, we could not find the any ideology and the conscious efforts for the children enlightenment in his poetry. In his poems, we could find disidentification for the recovering the conflict between the world and the self. Thus, we have to reconsider the emphasis on the experimental epic juvenile poetry and free rhymes in the controversy of discourse. From the early lyric poems to the late epic poems, Lee Jong-gee formed the way of poetic thinking very extensively but we cannot divide his juvenile poetry by stage. Because his reactions on his poetry was consistent in spite of a slight change in the subject and formation, the self was not united in the early lyrics -not in the harmony of a self and his world. These poetic reactions were shifted to the history and national consciousness by means of formational changes in his late long-length juvenile poetry and epic juvenile poetry. So we'd like to inspect closely how the subject of his lyrics reacts to realities in Lee Jong-gee's poetry.

ActiveX와 Shockwave 技術을 利用한 電子商去來 System 構築에 關한 硏究

朴鐘憲, 白点錫 영남대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 社會科學硏究 Vol.20 No.1

인터넷이라는 시공을 초월하는 가상공간을 통해 전자쇼핑몰을 중심으로 활성화 된 전자상거래는 그 범위가 다양한 금융분야로 급속히 확산되고 있다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구는 ActiveX와 Shockwave를 이용한 전자 상거래시스템의 프로토타입을 구축하여 그 유용성을 고찰하였다. 연구결과를 요약해보면 ActiveX와 Shockwave라는 신기술을 이용하여 전자쇼핑몰을 구축함에 있어 몇몇 문제점이 나타났지만, 이 기술을 이용하면 훨씬 동적이며 차별화 된 전자쇼핑몰이 구축이 가능하며, 짧은 쇼핑몰구축 기간, 서버의 불필요한 부하의 감소 등의 장점으로 인하여 그 만큼 서버에 투자되어야 할 비용과 개발비용을 줄일 수 있어 기업의 경제적인 측면에도 기여할 것이다.

강우시 채수빈도가 논 오염부하량 산정에 미치는 영향

한국헌,김진호,이종식,이정택,조재영,윤광식 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.1

한정된 수질자료를 이용 오염부하 산정시 집중적으로 많은 샘플을 채취한 경우에 비해 어느 정도 차이를 갖는지를 규명하는 것은 모니터링에 따른 오염부하량 산정결과의 신뢰 범위 파악뿐만 아니라 경제적인 수질 샘플 채수빈도 수립에 곡 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 논에서의 강우-유출시 채수 빈도가 오염부하 산정에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 9개의 강우사상에 대해 2시간 간격으로 연속 수질샘플을 실시하여 분석한 결과 전체적으로 강우-유출과정 중 T-N, T-P, SS 농도는 시간별로 증·감변동을 하였으나 유량과의 상관성은 나타나지 않았다. 수질샘플 횟수에 의한 영향은 강우-유출과정 중 5회 정도 샘플을 실시하면 많은 수의 샘플을 채수한 경우에 비해 T-N ±15.2%, T-P는 -20.0~26.2%, SS는 -28.6~35.7% 범위안에서 오염부하를 추정할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 차이범위가 ±10% 내에 들어가기 위한 샘플수는 일주기 조사시 T-N, T-P의 경우는 6회, SS의 경우는 단기유출시는 4회 정도 실시하면 되고, 장기 유출시에는 11회 정도 실시하면 되는 것으로 조사되었다. 유량-유하부하량 관계식으로 ±10%내의 차이를 보일 샘플횟수는 T-N의 경우는 6회 이상, T-P와 SS는 9회 이상 정도 실시하면 되는 것으로 조사되었다. In order to examine effects of sampling frequency during rainfall-runoff process from paddy field on the estimation of pollution load, EMCs of several water sampling frequencies were examined. Water quality samples were conducted by every two hours interval for each event. It was found that difference of load estimation between five times sampling and two hours consecutive sampling during rainfall-runoff showed 15.2~-15.2% for T-N, 20.0~-26.2% for T-P, 28.6~-35.7% for the SS, respectively. In the same way, the effects of number of sampling data on estimation of pollution load using runoff-mass load(L-Q) method were investigated. L-Q equation made of five times sampling data provided 10% differences in estimation of mass loads of T-N, T-P, and SS when compared to those by L-Q equation using entire two hours consecutive sampling data during runoff process.

철근콘크리트 短柱의 信賴性 解析

李鍾憲 慶一大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

In this paper, reliability analysis of reinforced concrete short columns is performed. The concept of strength design method for the RC short columns of rectangular cross section in analysed, and the limit state function which is implicit in current code is used for the reliability analysis. The trial and adjustment method is used for the analysis of columns, and the second order second moment method is used for the reliability analysis. This study can be used in the reliability-based design of RC short columns.

오리알의 卵黃, 卵白 및 卵殼중 微量鑛物質의 含量分布에 관한 硏究

이명헌,김상근,이종진 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1994 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.2 No.-

This study was to assayed 9 trace minerals of Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn in duck's egg yolk, egg white and egg shell by with Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma(ICAP). The results summarized as follows: 1. The levels of Ca, P, K, Na, Mg in duck's egg yolk, egg white and egg shell were 747.9ppm, 2216.6ppm, 620.0ppm, 345.5ppm, 30.9ppm and 52.9ppm, 136.5ppm, 1127.2ppm, 1638ppm, 69.1ppm and 220ppm, 814.6ppm, 298.0ppm, 535.2ppm, 812.2ppm, 1447.8ppm, respectively. The levels of K and Na of duck's egg are the highest compared with that of another constituents in eggs. 2. The levels of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn in duck's egg yolk, egg white and egg shell were 22.7ppm, 14.3ppm, 0.98ppm, 0.25ppm and 5.0ppm, 0.29ppm, 0.48ppm, 0.02ppm and 3.4ppm, 2.1ppm, 0.96ppm, 0.56ppm, respectively.

SPSS/PC+를 이용한 운동전후의 심장박동률에 관한 조사

이종헌 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1991 연구논문집 Vol.43 No.1

진행된 만성간질환에서 Indocyanine Green을 이용한 간예비력의 평가

이헌영,이종선 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.2

ICG(Indocyanine green) tests were examined for the patients with advanced chronic liver disease who were admitted to CNUH from April in 1989 to September in same year, and following results were got. 1. The levels of serum alkaline phospatase raise more prominently (93-274 U, reference: 26-88U) but the levels of ASP were 1-1.5× of normal upper limit(reference: 10-42 u) and the levels of ALT were within normal limit. 2. The results of oral glucose tolerance tests were incorrect in patients with liver cirrhosis due to glucose intolerant state and hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus. 3. Classifications of Child and Tc-liver scintiscan were more helpful than routine liver function tests or oral glucose tolerance tests. 4. Maximal removal rates and retention rates of ICG were relatively correct.

소 수정란의 공배양 및 동결이 체외발생에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이종진,이명헌,남윤이,이만휘,이봉구,김상근 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

The studies on the carried out to investigate the effects of co-culture with cumulus cells and oviduct epithelial cells on the in vitro fertilization and cleavage rate of bovine follicular oocytes, and to determine the optimum thawing temperature and equilibration time of frozen bovine embryos and on survival rate and in vitro developmental rate of bovine embryos. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Korean native cows. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 10 IU/㎖의 PMSG(Sigma, USA), 10 IU/㎖의 hCG, 1 ㎍/㎖의 β-estradiol(Sigma, USA) and 10% FCS(Sigma, USA) for 24-48 hrs in incubator with 5% CO_2 in air at 38.5℃ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 12-18 hrs with motile capacitated sperm by preincubation of heparin. The bovine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and a various concentrations of sucrose were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 30℃ water. The results are summarized as followes : 1. The in vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured with cumulus cells in TCM-199 media were 75.0%-76.8% and 17.3%-27.6%, respectively. And in-vitro fertilization rates of cumulus-enclosed oocytes(55.4%) were significantly(p<0.05) higher than cumulus-denuded oocytes(23.1%). 2. The in vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured with 1 ×10^4 cells/㎖, 1 ×10^6 cells/㎖, 1 ×10^8 cells/㎖ and 1 ×10^15 cells/㎖ oviduct epithelial cells in TCM-199 media were 74.5%-77.8% and 15.7%-21.2%, respectively. 3. The in-vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured in TCM-199 media containing PMSG, hCG, PMSG + hCG, PMSG + β-estradiol, hCG + β-estradiol 0 to 40 hrs after insemination were 74.0%-77.4% and 18.9% - 23.1, respectively. 4. The survival rates of bovine embryos thawed after rapid freezing in the media containing various kinds of cryoprotective agents added 0.25M and 0.50M sucrose were 14.7% - 35.1% and 17.6% - 31.6%, respectively. The survival rates of bovine embryos thawed after rapid freezing in the freezing media containing a various concentration of sucrose added 1.5M and 2.0M glycerol, 1.5M and 2.0M DMSO, and 1.5M and 2.0M propanediol were 23.5% -31.4% and 20.6% - 34.1%, respectively. 5. The temperature thawed at 30℃ after rapid freezing of bovine embryos resulted in a significantly higher embryos survival rate than did at 20℃ and 35℃. 6. The equilibration time on the survival rates of bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(2.5-5 min.) in the freezing medium higher than ling period of time(10-20min.).