Anti-Cancer Effect of Ginsenoside F₂ against Glioblastoma Multiforme in Xenograft Model in SD Rats

Shin, Ji-Yon,Lee, Jung-Min,Shin, Heon-Sub,Park, Sang-Yong,Yang, Jung-Eun,KimCho, So-Mi,Yi, Tae-Hoo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.1

The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite combination treatments of radiation and chemotherapy, the survival periods are very short. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential of ginsenoside $F_2$ (F2) to treat GBM. In in vitro experiments with glioblastoma cells U373MG, F2 showed the cytotoxic effect with $IC_{50}$ of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ through apoptosis, confirmed by DNA condensation and fragmentation. The cell population of cell cycle sub-G1 as indicative of apoptosis was also increased. In xenograft model in SD rats, F2 at dosage of 35 mg/kg weight was intravenously injected every two days. This reduced the tumor growth in magnetic resonance imaging images. The immunohistochemistry revealed that the anticancer activity might be mediated through inhibition of proliferation judged by Ki67 and apoptosis induced by activation of caspase-3 and -8. And the lowered expression of CD31 showed the reduction in blood vessel densities. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for invasion of cancer was also inhibited. The cell populations with cancer stem cell markers of CD133 and nestin were reduced. The results of this study suggested that F2 could be a new potential chemotherapeutic drug for GBM treatment by inhibiting the growth and invasion of cancer.

Anti-Cancer Effect of Ginsenoside F₂ against Glioblastoma Multiforme in Xenograft Model in SD Rats

Ji Yon Shin,Jung Min Lee,Heon Sub Shin,Sang Yong Park,Jung Eun Yang,Somi Kim Cho,Tae-Hoo Yi 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.1

The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite combination treatments of radiation and chemotherapy, the survival periods are very short. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential of ginsenoside F₂ (F2) to treat GBM. In in vitro experiments with glioblastoma cells U373MG, F2 showed the cytotoxic effect with IC?? of 50 ㎍/mL through apoptosis, confi rmed by DNA condensation and fragmentation. The cell population of cell cycle sub-G1 as indicative of apoptosis was also increased. In xenograft model in SD rats, F2 at dosage of 35 ㎎/㎏ weight was intravenously injected every two days. This reduced the tumor growth in magnetic resonance imaging images. The immunohistochemistry revealed that the anticancer activity might be mediated through inhibition of proliferation judged by Ki67 and apoptosis induced by activation of caspase-3 and -8. And the lowered expression of CD31 showed the reduction in blood vessel densities. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for invasion of cancer was also inhibited. The cell populations with cancer stem cell markers of CD133 and nestin were reduced. The results of this study suggested that F2 could be a new potential chemotherapeutic drug for GBM treatment by inhibiting the growth and invasion of cancer.

Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-BiFeO₃-SrTiO₃ 삼성분계 무연 압전 세라믹스의 강유전체-완화형 강유전체 상전이 거동

이상섭,이창헌,즈엉 짱 안,웬 호앙 티엔 코이,한형수,이재신,Lee, Sang Sub,Lee, Chang-Heon,Duong, Trang An,Nguyen, Hoang Thien Khoi,Han, Hyoung-Su,Lee, Jae-Shin 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.34 No.1

This study investigated the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and strain properties of (0.98-x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-0.02BiFeO3-xSrTiO3 (BNT-BF-100xST, x＝0.20, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, and 0.28). All samples were successfully synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method and sintered at 1,175℃ for 2 h. The average grain size of the BNT-BF-100x ceramics decreased with increasing ST content. Furthermore, we observed that the ferroelectric- relaxor transition temperature (TF-R) decreased with increasing ST content, which eventually vanished in the BNT-BF-24ST ceramics. The results indicated that a ferroelectric to relaxor phase transition could be induced by ST modification. Consequently, a large electromechanical strain of 633 pm/V at 4 kV/mm was observed for the BNT-BF-26ST ceramics. These results imply that our materials have the competitive advantage of larger strain under lower operating field conditions compared with other BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. We expect that BNT-BF-ST lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are promising candidates as a novel ternary BNT-based system and can find potential applications in actuators.

Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO₃-BiAlO₃ 무연 압전 세라믹스의 유전 및 전기 기계적 변형 특성에 대한 SrTiO₃ 첨가 효과

이상섭,이창헌,즈엉 짱 안,김동혁,김병우,한형수,이재신,Lee, Sang Sub,Lee, Chang-Heon,Duong, Trang An,Kim, Dong Hyeok,Kim, Byeong Woo,Han, Hyoung-Su,Lee, Jae-Shin 한국재료학회 2021 한국재료학회지 Vol.31 No.10

(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃ (BNT)-based ceramics are considered promising candidates for actuator application owing to their excellent electromechanical strain properties However, to obtain large strain properties, there remain several issues such as thermal stability and high operating fields. Therefore, this study investigates a reduction of operating field in (0.98-x)Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO₃-0.02 BiAlO₃-xSrTiO₃ (BNT-2BA-100xST, x = 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, and 0.24) via analyses of the microstructure, crystal structure, dielectric, polarization, ferroelectric and electromechanical strain properties. The average grain size of BNT-${\underline{2}}$BA-100xST ceramics decreases with increasing ST content. Results of polarization and electromechanical strain properties indicate that a ferroelectric to relaxor state transition is induced by ST modification. As a consequence, a large electromechanical strain of 592 pm/V is obtained at a relatively low electric field of 4 kV/mm in 22 mol% ST-modified BNT-2BA ceramics. We believe that the materials synthesized in this study are promising candidates for actuator applications.

<i>Lactobacillus</i> <i>yonginensis</i> sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium with ginsenoside converting activity isolated from Kimchi

Yi, Eun-Ji,Yang, Jung-Eun,Lee, Jung Min,Park, YongJin,Park, Sang-Yong,Shin, Heon-sub,Kook, MooChang,Yi, Tae-Hoo International Union of Microbiological Societies 2013 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.63 No.9

<P>A Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, β-glucosidase-producing lactic acid bacterium, designated strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from the Korean fermented food, Kimchi, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> was able to grow at 4–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 4.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.0). Strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> had the ability to transform ginsenoside Rb<SUB>1</SUB> to Rd. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity data, strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> was shown to belong to the genus <I>Lactobacillus</I>. Strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> was related to <I>Lactobacillus koreensis</I> DCY50<SUP>T</SUP> (98.8 % sequence similarity), <I>Lactobacillus parabrevis</I> LMG 11984<SUP>T</SUP> (97.7 %), <I>Lactobacillus senmaizukei</I> L13<SUP>T</SUP> (97.5 %), <I>Lactobacillus hammesii</I> TMW1.1236<SUP>T</SUP> (97.3 %) and <I>Lactobacillus brevis</I> ATCC 14687<SUP>T</SUP> (97.2 %). Subsequently, sequence analysis of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit gene (<I>rpoA</I>) confirmed that strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> showed a maximum <I>rpoA</I> gene sequence similarity value of 93 % with <I>Lactobacillus brevis</I> LMG 6906<SUP>T</SUP>. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.8 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Lactobacillus parabrevis</I> DCY50<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Lactobacillus parabrevis</I> LMG 11984<SUP>T</SUP> were 46.1±4.9 % and 10.6±2.9 %, respectively. The major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (comprised of C<SUB>19 : 0</SUB> cyclo ω10<I>c</I>/19ω6), C<SUB>14 : 0</SUB>, C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> and C<SUB>18 : 1</SUB>ω9<I>c</I>. The cell wall peptidoglycan was of the A4α <SMALL>l</SMALL>-Lys–<SMALL>d</SMALL>-Asp type. The phenotypic and molecular properties indicated that strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel species within the genus <I>Lactobacillus</I>, for which the name <I>Lactobacillus</I> <I>yonginensis</I> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KACC 16236<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 18023<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>

Modeling and Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for Lithium-ion Batteries

Choi, Woosung,Shin, Heon-Cheol,Kim, Ji Man,Choi, Jae-Young,Yoon, Won-Sub The Korean Electrochemical Society 2020 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.11 No.1

As research on secondary batteries becomes important, interest in analytical methods to examine the condition of secondary batteries is also increasing. Among these methods, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method is one of the most attractive diagnostic techniques due to its convenience, quickness, accuracy, and low cost. However, since the obtained spectra are complicated signals representing several impedance elements, it is necessary to understand the whole electrochemical environment for a meaningful analysis. Based on the understanding of the whole system, the circuit elements constituting the cell can be obtained through construction of a physically sound circuit model. Therefore, this mini-review will explain how to construct a physically sound circuit model according to the characteristics of the battery cell system and then introduce the relationship between the obtained resistances of the bulk (R_b), charge transfer reaction (R_ct), interface layer (R_SEI), diffusion process (W) and battery characteristics, such as the state of charge (SOC), temperature, and state of health (SOH).

Cuscuta japonica BuOH Fraction Stimulates Hair Growth in the Cyclophosphamide-induced Alopecia Model C57BL/6 Mouse

Heon-Sub Shin,Sang-Yong Park,Jung-Eun Yang,Se-Young Kim,Ji-Yon Shin,Tae-Hoo Yi 한국원예학회 2010 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.51 No.6

The effects of Cuscuta japonica BuOH fraction (CJBF) on the proliferation of human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs) and on the stimulation of hair growth in a cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced alopecia model C57BL/6 mouse were studied. In cell-based MTT assay, the proliferation rates were increased 25% in CJBF treated group of CYP-treated HHDPCs. Gene expression-based RT-PCR study was conducted to find the mechanism. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax gene expression was increased 195% in CJBF treated group onto CYP-treated HHDPCs. In CYP-induced alopecia model C57BL/6 mouse study, promotion of hair growth was observed in the mouse groups treated with the CJBF and CYP-injection. Tissue histological analysis showed the number of hair follicles and the thickness of the epidermis were increased in the CJBF treated groups. Also, to find the possible mechanism, western blot assay was adopted for the tissues of CJBF treated mouse group. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins were increased, and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins were decreased by 329%. The results led the conclusion that CJBF promotes hair growth and retards the catagen phase in HHDPCs and C57BL/6 mouse model. Therefore CJBF might be a potential new therapeutic source for the prevention of hair loss.

Ginsenoside F2 reduces hair loss by controlling apoptosis through the sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage activating protein and transforming growth factor-β pathways in a dihydrotestosterone-induced mouse model.

Shin, Heon-Sub,Park, Sang-Yong,Hwang, Eun-Son,Lee, Don-Gil,Mavlonov, Gafurjon Turdalievich,Yi, Tae-Hoo Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2014 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.37 No.5

<P>This study was conducted to test whether ginsenoside F2 can reduce hair loss by influencing sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway of apoptosis in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated hair cells and in a DHT-induced hair loss model in mice. Results for ginsenoside F2 were compared with finasteride. DHT inhibits proliferation of hair cells and induces androgenetic alopecia and was shown to activate an apoptosis signal pathway both in vitro and in vivo. The cell-based 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the proliferation rates of DHT-treated human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs) and HaCaTs increased by 48% in the ginsenoside F2-treated group and by 12% in the finasteride-treated group. Western blot analysis showed that ginsenoside F2 decreased expression of TGF-β2 related factors involved in hair loss. The present study suggested a hair loss related pathway by changing SCAP related apoptosis pathway, which has been known to control cholesterol metabolism. SCAP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and caspase-12 expression in the ginsenoside F2-treated group were decreased compared to the DHT and finasteride-treated group. C57BL/6 mice were also prepared by injection with DHT and then treated with ginsenoside F2 or finasteride. Hair growth rate, density, thickness measurements and tissue histotological analysis in these groups suggested that ginsenoside F2 suppressed hair cell apoptosis and premature entry to catagen more effectively than finasteride. Our results indicated that ginsenoside F2 decreased the expression of TGF-β2 and SCAP proteins, which have been suggested to be involved in apoptosis and entry into catagen. This study provides evidence those factors in the SCAP pathway could be targets for hair loss prevention drugs.</P>

C57BL/6 마우스 모델에서 웅지(곰기름)의 모발 성장 촉진 효과 연구

신헌섭 ( Heon Sub Shin ),박상용 ( Sang Yong Park ),이우철 ( Woo Cheol Lee ),신재호 ( Jae Ho Shin ),이태후 ( Tae Hoo Yi ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2011 대한미용학회지 Vol.7 No.3

The hair cycle is into 3 phases including anagen, catagen and telogen. Hair loss is the result of premature catagen caused by apoptotic signal. The process of apoptosis is controlled through the activation of many factors, such as heredity, stress, aging and hormone. Selenarctos thibetanus (bear oil) has been used frequently as an indigenous medicine for moisture, freckle, cold, gray hair and dandruff. In this study, we investigate the effect of bear oil on hair growth in a depilated animal model of C57BL/6 mice. The animals were divided into 4 groups including negative control group (70% EtOH), positive control group (5% MXD), and experimental group (2%, 5% bear oil) and they were topically applied with an amount of 100 μL once a day for 2 weeks. Topical treatment of 5% bear oil for 2 weeks, hair follicles compared to the group to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth faster than 2% bear oil group, minoxidil group and 70% EtOH group. Also, hair density was increased The group treated with bear oil markedly increased the depth and size of the hair follicles in compare to the group treated by minoxidil and 70% EtOH. Also, more hair follicles assumed as in anagen were observed. This result explains that bear oil has effect on prolong of anagen phase, so bear oil might be a potential new therapeutic source for the hair growth promotion.

만형자 추출물의 모발성장 촉진 효과

신헌섭 ( Heon Sub Shin ),이강진 ( Kang Jin Lee ),이태후 ( Tae Hoo Yi ) 한국두피ᆞ모발미용학회 2009 대한미용학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The hair cycle is divided 3 phases into anagen, catagen and telogen. Hair loss is the result of premature catagen caused by apoptotic signal. The process of apoptosis is controlled through the activation of many factors, such as inflammatory cytokines, p53, Bax and Bcl-2 family gene. Vitex rotundifolia has been used frequently as an indigenous medicine for curing headaches, colds, migraine, eye-pain, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and gastrointestinal infections. Recent studies have shown that the extracts from Vitex rotundifolia contain iridoids, flavonoids, and compounds with biochemical properties. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were treated topically on the depilated dorsal skin with Vitex rotundifolia extract dissolved in 70% EtOH. Moreover, treatment of Vitex rotundifolia extract onto hair cells induced more 20% growth of proliferation compared only control treated group. Also, the ratio of follicle number of anagen phase/total was increased. This result explains that Vitex rotundifolia extract has effect on prolong of anagen phase, so Vitex rotundifolia might be a potential new therapeutic source for the hair growth promotion.