Development of a High-Speed and Precision Micro- Spindle for Micro-Cutting

Wei Liu,Zhixiong Zhou,Xiangming Huang,Zhi-Jian He,Yong Du 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Mechanical micromachining using micro-machine tools is very competitive in manufacturing geometrically complex 3D micro-partsin various engineering materials with advantages of small space, energy-efficient, low equipment production and operation costs. Askey components of micro-machine tools, micro-spindles directly determine the performance of micro-machine tools and theapplication and development of mechanical micromachining technology. This study proposes a novel design concept of the separatelyspindle and tool and one-piece tool/rotor structure for micro-spindles, whose micro-tool can maintain good rotational accuracy athigh rotational speeds. In the principle prototype micro-spindle, an air driven turbine was used as power spindle. The design andoptimization of the micro-spindle were conducted. The fabrication and evaluation of the prototype micro-spindle were presented. Theresults of the principle prototype micro-spindle were analyzed and some efforts for the subsequent micro-spindle were proposed.

Evaluation of Different Yeast Species for Improving In vitro Fermentation of Cereal Straws

Wang, Zuo,He, Zhixiong,Beauchemin, Karen A.,Tang, Shaoxun,Zhou, Chuanshe,Han, Xuefeng,Wang, Min,Kang, Jinhe,Odongo, Nicholas E.,Tan, Zhiliang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.2

Information on the effects of different yeast species on ruminal fermentation is limited. This experiment was conducted in a $3{\times}4$ factorial arrangement to explore and compare the effects of addition of three different live yeast species (Candida utilis 1314, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1355, and Candida tropicalis 1254) at four doses (0, $0.25{\times}10^7$, $0.50{\times}10^7$, and $0.75{\times}10^7$ colony-forming unit [cfu]) on in vitro gas production kinetics, fiber degradation, methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics of maize stover, and rice straw by mixed rumen microorganisms in dairy cows. The maximum gas production (Vf), dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (IVNDFD), and methane production in C. utilis group were less (p<0.01) than other two live yeast supplemented groups. The inclusion of S. cerevisiae reduced (p<0.01) the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), isobutyrate, and isovalerate compared to the other two yeast groups. C. tropicalis addition generally enhanced (p<0.05) IVDMD and IVNDFD. The $NH_3$-N concentration and $CH_4$ production were increased (p<0.05) by the addition of S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis compared with the control. Supplementation of three yeast species decreased (p<0.05) or numerically decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate. The current results indicate that C. tropicalis is more preferred as yeast culture supplements, and its optimal dose should be $0.25{\times}10^7$ cfu/500 mg substrates in vitro.

Biodegradable organosilica-based targeted and redox-responsive delivery system of resveratrol for efficiently alleviating ulcerative colitis

Dan Jiang,Xiaoyang Xia,Zhixiong He,Yanan Xue,Xia Xiang 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a low redox potential in the colon. Targeting redox-responsivestrategies are highly desirable due to the capacity of improving the treatment efficiency of drugs againstUC. Resveratrol (Res), a natural ingredient, possesses prominent anti-inflammatory activity. However, thelimited bioavailability and poor water-solubility severely hinder its clinical translation. Herein, we fabricatean oral delivery carrier of Res-encapsulated tetrasulfide-containing organosilica nanoparticles(DSMSNs), functionalized by targeting component chondroitin sulfate (CS). Benefiting from smart‘‘switch” and targeted ‘‘guider”, CS shell enables high internalization and promotes selective accumulationin colon epithelial cells and macrophages through CD44-mediated pathway; meanwhile, glutathione(GSH) response-mediated rapid disassembly exhibits targeted Res release and efficient biodegradation,consequently achieving enhanced intracellular delivery of Res, improved Res-enabled treatment andrecovered gut microbial diversity in the colitis model to mitigate colonic inflammation. These findingsthus bring fresh insights into the potential of MONs in UC treatment as an oral delivery platform.

Caspofungin combined with hormones as preemptive therapy of chemotherapy-induced disseminated candidiasis in a patient

Yali, Liang,Zhichao, Qiu,Yaohe, Li,Anping, Liu,Zhixiong, Chen,Huliwen, Huliwen,man, Luo,jing, He,Xiaoyang, Xiaoyang,Hai, Lan Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.6

Disseminated candidiasis (DC) arising from nosocomial fungal infection is a life-threatening complication in critically ill, nonneutropenic patients. The overall nosocomial fungal infection rate in United States hospitals doubled from 1980-1990. Until recently, amphotericin B was the only agent available for the treatment of life-threatening candidal infections, but its use is plagued by toxicities including nephrotoxicity and infusion-related reactions such as rigors and hypotension. The availability of fluconazole, which is regarded more much less toxic than amphotericin B, prompted a surge in research to determine if it is as efficacious in the management of candidemia and hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. Complicating the interpretation of studies is the broad range of infection severity, from candidemia that may be transient and self-limiting to life-threatening hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. This study has used the models of Artificial neural network (ANN) and Support Vector regression (SVR) to accurately assess the clinical trials comparing fluconazole and amphotericin B demonstrate the efficacy of fluconazole for catheter-associated candidemia in critically ill patients when the likely pathogen is Candida albicans. As a result, Amphotericin B should remain the first-line agent for the management of candidemia and hematogenously disseminated candidiasis in all other patients. Also, SVR could accurately assess the efficacy of fluconazole for catheter-associated candidemia in critically ill patients.

Maternal undernutrition alters the skeletal muscle development and methylation of myogenic factors in goat offspring

Zhou Xiaoling,Yan Qiongxian,Liu Liling,Chen Genyuan,Tang Shaoxun,He Zhixiong,Tan Zhiliang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.6

Objective: The effects of maternal undernutrition during midgestation on muscle fiber histology, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, methylation modification of myogenic factors, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles of prenatal and postnatal goats were examined. Methods: Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to a control (100% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) or a restricted group (60% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) between 45 and 100 days of gestation. Descendants were harvested at day 100 of gestation and at day 90 after birth to collect the femoris muscle tissue. Results: Maternal undernutrition increased (p<0.05) the fiber area of the vastus muscle in the fetuses and enhanced (p<0.01) the proportions of MyHCI and MyHCIIA fibers in offspring, while the proportion of MyHCIIX fibers was decreased (p<0.01). DNA methylation at the +530 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) site of the myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) promoter in restricted fetuses was increased (p<0.05), but the methylation of the MYF5 gene at the +274,280 CpG site and of the myogenic differentiation (MYOD) gene at the +252 CpG site in restricted kids was reduced (p<0.05). mTOR protein signals were downregulated (p<0.05) in the restricted offspring. Conclusion: Maternal undernutrition altered the muscle fiber type in offspring, but its relationship with methylation in the promoter regions of myogenic genes needs to be elucidated. Objective: The effects of maternal undernutrition during midgestation on muscle fiber histology, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, methylation modification of myogenic factors, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles of prenatal and postnatal goats were examined.Methods: Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to a control (100% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) or a restricted group (60% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) between 45 and 100 days of gestation. Descendants were harvested at day 100 of gestation and at day 90 after birth to collect the femoris muscle tissue.Results: Maternal undernutrition increased (p<0.05) the fiber area of the vastus muscle in the fetuses and enhanced (p<0.01) the proportions of MyHCI and MyHCIIA fibers in offspring, while the proportion of MyHCIIX fibers was decreased (p<0.01). DNA methylation at the +530 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) site of the myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) promoter in restricted fetuses was increased (p<0.05), but the methylation of the MYF5 gene at the +274,280 CpG site and of the myogenic differentiation (MYOD) gene at the +252 CpG site in restricted kids was reduced (p<0.05). mTOR protein signals were downregulated (p<0.05) in the restricted offspring.Conclusion: Maternal undernutrition altered the muscle fiber type in offspring, but its relationship with methylation in the promoter regions of myogenic genes needs to be elucidated.

Effects of Momordica charantia Saponins on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population

Kang, Jinhe,Zeng, Bo,Tang, Shaoxun,Wang, Min,Han, Xuefeng,Zhou, Chuanshe,Yan, Qiongxian,He, Zhixiong,Liu, Jinfu,Tan, Zhiliang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Momordica charantia saponin (MCS) on ruminal fermentation of maize stover and abundance of selected microbial populations in vitro. Five levels of MCS supplements (0, 0.01, 0.06, 0.30, 0.60 mg/mL) were tested. The pH, $NH_3-N$, and volatile fatty acid were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation fluids, whilst the selected microbial populations were determined at 6 and 24 h. The high dose of MCS increased the initial fractional rate of degradation at t-value = 0 ($FRD_0$) and the fractional rate of gas production (k), but decreased the theoretical maximum of gas production ($V_F$) and the half-life ($t_{0.5}$) compared with the control. The $NH_3-N$ concentration reached the lowest concentration with 0.01 mg MCS/mL at 6 h. The MSC inclusion increased (p<0.001) the molar proportion of butyrate, isovalerate at 24 h and 48 h, and the molar proportion of acetate at 24 h, but then decreased (p<0.05) them at 48 h. The molar proportion of valerate was increased (p<0.05) at 24 h. The acetate to propionate ratio (A/P; linear, p<0.01) was increased at 24 h, but reached the least value at the level of 0.30 mg/mL MCS. The MCS inclusion decreased (p<0.05) the molar proportion of propionate at 24 h and then increased it at 48 h. The concentration of total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.001) at 24 h, but reached the greatest concentration at the level of 0.01 mg/mL and the least concentration at the level of 0.60 mg/mL. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus was increased at 6 h and 24 h, and the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was the lowest (p<0.05) at 0.60 mg/mL at 6 h and 24 h. The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and fungus reached the greatest value (p<0.05) at low doses of MCS inclusion and the least value (p<0.05) at 0.60 mg/mL at 24 h. The present results demonstrates that a high level of MCS quickly inhibits in vitro fermentation of maize stover, while MCS at low doses has the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the number of functional rumen microbes including cellulolytic bacteria and fungi populations, and may have potential as a feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.