Effects of the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Economic Feasibility and Environmental Sustainability

강충관,박주섭,이상용,김한명,Kang, Choong-Kwan,Park, Joo-Sub,Lee, Sang-Yong,Kim, Han-Myeong 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The use of nitrogen fertilizer in intensive agricultural production is of major concern due to its role on agricultural productivity and water quality. Crop production inputs on farm are usually applied at a uniform rate across an entire field. However, actual input requirements often vary within fields. The field variations in yield potential, soil moisture, soil N status, and the efficiency of fertilizer use, uniform application of crop production inputs does not allow optimum efficiency or profitability. This occurs because uniform application often results in areas of over- and under-application which may affect water quality and crop yield. This study used biophysical and economic models to assess the economic feasibility and water quality benefits of site specific nitrogen management for 10 soil types and 35 sample fields in Goodwater Creek watershed located near Centralia, Missouri. Results showed that the economic feasibility and water quality benefits of variable rate application were sensitive to the distribution of soil types within a field. Variable rate(VR) application was not uniformly more profitable than uniform rate(UR) application for the four agricultural systems evaluated and the water quality benefits were insubstantial relative to uniform application of N. 질소비료는 작물의 생장에 있어서 가장 핵심적인 영양소라 할 수 있으며, 질소의 효율적 이용은 안정적인 수확량의 확보 뿐만 아니라 비용절감 및 환경오염원 감축 등 다양한 편익을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 정밀농업은 토양의 특성에 따라 작물에 필요한 적정량의 시비로 영양분의 이용효율을 높임으로써 환경 경제적 편익을 동시에 추구하는 농법이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 GIS를 이용하여 구축한 455개 표본농경지의 토양 및 지형에 관한 Database에 근거하여 각 농경지내에서 토양을 세분하여 적정 시비를 할 경우(site-specific management)와 농경지별 적정 시비를 하였을 경우(uniform rate application) 비료의 사용량, 수확량, 수질오염 정도 등을 EPIC모델을 이용하여 비교분석 하였다. 전체 농경지에서의 가중평균적인 환경 경제적 효과는 큰 차이를 보이지 않지만 각각의 농경지가 다양한 토양으로 구성되어 있고 다양한 토양에 대한 최적의 질소량이 큰 차이를 나타낼 때는 정밀농업의 실천이 경제적 및 환경적 측면에서 충분한 잠재력이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Gamma-PF 보드를 이용한 아날로그 감마카메라의 디지털화 연구

김희중,소수길,봉정균,김한명,김장휘,주관식,이종두,Kim, Hui-Jung,So, Su-Gil,Bong, Jeong-Gyun,Kim, Han-Myeong,Kim, Jang-Hwi,Ju, Gwan-Sik,Lee, Jong-Du 대한의용생체공학회 1998 의공학회지 Vol.19 No.4

아날로그 감마카메라에 비해 디지털 카메라는 Q.C가 편리하고, Calibration과 조작이 매우 쉬운 장점들을 갖고 있어 영상 질을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 진단의 정확도를 높일 수 있다. 더욱이, 디지털 카메라로 획득한 디지털 영상은 PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System) 뿐만 아니라 원격진료에도 활용될 수 있다. 그러나, 많은 병원들이 아직도 아날로그 카메라를 사용하고 있고 이들을 디지털 카메라로 대체하기는 어려운 상황에 있다. 본 연구는 아날로그 감마카메라를 디지털화 할 수 있는지의 가능성을 보는 것이었다. 카메라를 디지털화 한 후 균일도 계수능력 등의 물리적 특성을 측정하였다. 임상에서의 사용 가능성을 보기 위해 아날로그 시스템과 디지털 시스템을 동시에 연결하여 임상 데이터들을 획득하였다. 이들의 결과는 임상환경에서 아날로그 카메라를 디지털화 하 수 있다는 가능성을 보여주었다. Digital gamma camera has many advantages over analog gamma camera. These include convenient quality control, easy calibration and operation, and possible image quantitation which results in improving diagnostic accuracies. The digital data can also be utilized for telemedicine and picture archiving and communication system. However, many hospitals still operate analog cameras and have difficult situation to replace them with digital cameras. We have studied a feasibility of digitalizing an analog gamma camera into a digital camera using Gamma-PF interface board. The physical characteristics that we have measured are spatial resolution, sensitivity, uniformity, and image contrast. The patient's data obtained for both analog and digital camera showed very similar image quality. The results suggest that it may be feasible to upgrade an analog camera into a digital gamma camera in clinical environments.

위치 민감형 광전자증배관을 이용한 영상용 감마프로브의 개발

봉정균,김희중,소수길,김한명,이종두,권수일,Bong, Jeong-Gyun,Kim, Hui-Jung,So, Su-Gil,Kim, Han-Myeong,Lee, Jong-Du,Gwon, Su-Il 대한의용생체공학회 1999 의공학회지 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 작은 부위의 종양 또는 수술후 잔여종양을 검출할 수 있는 소형 고성능 영상용 감마프로브를 개발하는 것이다. 감마프로브의 검출기 시스템을 위해 위치민감형 광전자증배관(PSPMT)을 사용하였고, -1000V의 고전압을 공급하였다. 섬광체는 직영 7.62cm, 두께 9.5mm인 NaI(Tl)를 사용하였으며, 광학그리스를 이용하여 NaI(Tl)와 PSPMT를 접합시켰다. 조준기는 평형육각구멍조준기로써 직경 1.3mm, 격벽 두께 0.22mm, 그리고 길이 40mm이었다. 신호처리시스템은 위치신호처리와 트리거신호처리로 구분되며, 위치신호처리는 전단증폭기, 주증폭기를 거쳐 가산, 감산, 제산신호회로를 이용하여 얻었고, 트리거신호는 가산증폭기, 일정분획식별기 그리고 게이트 모듈을 이용하여 얻었다. 데이터 획득은 Gamma-PF 인터페이스 보드를 경우유하여 PIP 소프트웨어와 펜티엄 PC에 제어되었다. 영상연구를 위해 점선원을 이용하여 장균이도 영상과 슬릿마스크 영상을 얻었다. 그리고 조준기를 사용하여 두 개의 구멍팬텀 영상을 얻었다. 고유공간분해능은 3.97mm이었으며, 시스템 공간분해능은 5.97mm이었다. PSPMT를 이용하여 개발한 소형 감마프로브에 의해 획득된 팬텀영상은 좋은 영상질을 보여주었으며, 임상적용을 위해서는 영상특성의 최적화 연구가 계속되어야할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to develop a miniature imaging gamma probe with high performance that can detect small or residual tumors after surgery. Gamma probe detector system consists of NaI(Tl) scintillator, position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT), and collimator. PSPMT was optically coupled with 6.5 mm thick, 7.62 cm diameter of NaI(Tl) crystal and supplied with -1000V for high voltage. Parallel hexagonal hole collimator was manufactured for characteristics of 40-mm hole length, 1.3-mm hole diameter, and 0.22 mm septal thickness. Electronics consist of position and trigger signal readout systems. Position signals were obtained with summing, subtracting, and dividing circuit using preamplifer and amplifier. Trigger signals were obtained using summing amplifier, constant fraction discriminator, and gate and delay generator module with preamplifer. Data acquisition and processing were performed by Gamma-PF interface board inserted into pentium PC and PIP software. For imaging studies, flood and slit mask images were acquired using a point source. Two hole phantom images were also acquired with collimator. Intrinsic and system spatial resolutions were measured as 3.97 mm and 5.97 mm, respectively. In conclusion, Miniature gamma probe images based on the PSPMT showed good image quality, we conclude that the miniature imaging gamma probe was successfully developed and good image data were obtained. However, further studies will be required to optimize imaging characteristics.

Effects of the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Economic Feasibility and Environmental Sustainability

Choong-Kwan Kang(강충관),Joo-Sub Park(박주섭),Sang-Yong Lee(이상용),Han-Myeong Kim(김한명) 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1

은정 박병익 박사 회갑기념 특집 / 신간척지에 있어서 수도에 대한 악연시용효과에 관한 연구

엄대익(Dae Ick Uhm),소재돈(Jae Don So),김한명(Han Myeong Kim) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1982 농업생명과학연구 Vol.13 No.-

근류균 및 개량제처리가 대두의 슈량 및 질소효율에 미치는 영향

엄대익(Dae Ick Uhm),소재돈(Jae Don So),김한명(Han Myeong Kim) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1981 농업생명과학연구 Vol.12 No.-

보문 / 우척답에 있어서 토양개량제의 효과에 관한 연구

엄대익(Dae Ick Uhm),박노풍(Nou Poung Park),소재돈(Jae Don So),김한명(Han Myeong Kim) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1979 농업생명과학연구 Vol.10 No.-

新干拓地에 있어서 水稻에 대한 亞鉛施用效果에 관한 硏究

嚴大翼,蘇在敦,金漢明 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1982 農大論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Studies were made to determine the effect of application of Zn-KM, ZnSO4, and FTE on yields and nutrition of rice in a newly reclaimed saline soil at Gyehwa-Do, Jeonbug. Three rates of each zinc material (0, 2.5, 5.0kg/10a) were applied in combination with gypsum (300kg/10a) and rice straw (600kg/10a), The results are as follows: 1. Application of zinc resulted in significant increases in yields of rice. No difference was obtained between zinc materials. 2. Application of zinc in combination with rice straw Save higher yields than that with gypsum. 3 The highest yields were obtained at 5.0kg/10a of Zn-KM and FTE, and at 2.Skg/10a of ZnSO4. 4. Application of gypsum and rice straw resulted in desalinization of the soil, thus reducing Na content of soil at harveet. 5. Zinc concentration in rice tissue without application of zinc showed below critical level of 20 ppm. 6 . Application zinc resulted in significant increase in zinc concentration in rice tissue at harvest. Application of 5.0kg/10a of FTE showed the highest zinc concentration of 32 ppm. 7 Application of gypsum, rice straw and 2inc resulted in increases in total nitrogen content in rice tissue at harvest.

根瘤菌 및 改良劑處理가 大豆의 收量 및 窒素效率에 미치는 影響

嚴大翼,蘇在敦,金漢明 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1981 農大論文集 Vol.12 No.-

To investigate the effect of root nodule bacteria and soil conditioner treatment on the yield and nitrogen efficiency of soybean and the change in physicochemical property, the experiments were carried out through three years from 1978 till 1980. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1 . Jeonnam, Songieong and Yesan soil series were treated with double superphosphate lime for the control of 5% phosphorous absorption coefficient and slaked lime of lime requirements by O.R.D. method as a soil conditioner. and root nodule bacteria by coating method were inoc-ulated into all the above three soil series. Their treatment plots were generally improved the Physicochemical properties of soil and increased the factors of fertility compared with the other untreated plots. 2. The increase in yield of soybean was observed in treatment number 8>9>7>6>5>4 in order of degrees of increase. And the activity of root nodule bacteria was also activated in these plots of yield increase and the formulation of root nodule was a qreat quantity. The positive correlation and the significant difference between fresh weight and yield of root noduleper hill were observed. 3. In considering the relation between the fresh weight and nitrogen efficiency of root nodule, nitrogen efficiency was high in the increased plots of fresh weight of root nodule, and correlation between them was positive. 4. The positive correlation and the highly significant difference was observed between the nitrogen efficiency and yield of soybean.

干拓沓에 있어서 土壤改良劑의 效果에 관한 硏究

嚴大翼,朴魯豊,蘇在敦,金漢明 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1979 農大論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Reducing the high salt concentration of the potdered paddy field in the Gyelvha island byleaching with irrigation and drainaTe Ivater, 1·ice was grown foF two years aftet· new soil ),vasadded and soil conditioners were applied. The effect of changes of phyEical and chemicalproperties of the soil and the salt concentration on thf yield of rice was invfftifa(ed.'rhrfollowing results were obtained.1. The yield of brown rice was higher in the soil-3訓 plots than in the no,1-added plots,and in the plots treated with soil conditionerE the yield was higher in (he plots treated withrice straw and in the plots treated with residual by product of amino acid fermentation.2. The increase in the number of panicles pfr hill and tIIf nom'Ifr of grains per panicle f·asthought to be the factors of yield increase by soil additief and 4ff application of soil condit--.1 oile rs.3 By the application of soil coHditioners the soil p:T and the clntent of exchangeal기e 訓atended to decrease ; the content of exchan譜eable Ca and C. E. C. tended to inci·ease. Theorganic matter content increased in the plots treated with compost.4 At the initial stage of salt leachinf the it'ligation alld d~aiilafc was much morr effeclivethan soil c.onditioners : during Ihe gl'owinf pfriod rice straw tFfltm:nt was more effec:itre :at the harvesting atage the effectivenes3 decreased in the ordfr of rice straw)gypsum)comp-oat)residuBl bf praBf피 of aflinl aTid ff‥‥nB치3tio.1) p. f. treatmrnt.