Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses

Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Song, B.M.,Heo, G.B.,Jung, J.,Jang, I.,Bae, Y.C.,Jung, S.C.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.198 No.-

<P>A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of 1-15 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (Glade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Effects of Various Addition and Exclusion Time of Glucose on Development of Mouse Two-Cell Embryos

S. B. Park,K. S. Park,T. H. Lee,S. S. Chun,S. S. Kim,H. B. Song 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2004 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.28 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various addition and exclusion time of glucose (Control: no addition, A: 24∼72 h, B: 24∼48 h, C: 48∼72 h, D: 0∼72 h, E: 0∼48 h, F: 0∼24 h and 48∼72 h, G: 0∼24 h) on embryonic developmental capacity of 2-cell embryos in mice. Developed blastocysts were assessed for mean cell number by differential staining. The zona-intact blastocyst (ZiB) rates were higher (p 0.05) in group B than control. However, the zona-escape blastocyst (ZeB) rates were not significantly different in all groups. At 72 h, total blastocyst (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates were not significantly different in all groups. The mean cell number was not significantly different among all groups. The inner cell mass (ICM) cell number was higher (p 0.05) in group F than control, group A, B and G. The trophectoderm (TE) cell number was higher (p 0.05) in control than group A and D. The %ICM was higher (p 0.05) in group C, D and F than control. The ICM : TE ratio was not significantly different in all groups. Between control and glucose group, no significant difference was observed in the total blastocysts (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates. Also, no significant difference was observed in the mean cell number, ICM cell number and ICM : TE ratio. However the TE cell number was higher (p 0.05) in control than glucose group and %ICM was higher (p 0.05) in glucose group than control. In conclusion, glucose added in culture medium was not inhibitory on blastocyst formation but glucose added for 48∼72 h in culture medium increases %ICM of blastocysts in mice.

Effects of Various Addition and Exclusion Time of Glucose on Development of Mouse Two-Cell Embryos

Park, S. B.,Park, K. S.,Lee, T. H.,Chun, S. S.,Kim, K. S.,Song, H. B. 한국동물번식학회 2004 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.28 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various addition and exclusion time of glucose (Control: no addition, A: 24~72 h, B: 24~48 h, C: 48~72 h, D: 0~72 h, E: 0~48 h, F: 0~24 h and 48~72 h, G: 0~24 h) on embryonic developmental capacity of 2-cell embryos in mice. Developed blastocysts were assessed for mean cell number by differential staining. The zona-intact blastocyst (ZiB) rates were higher (p<0.05) in group B than control. However, the zona-escape blastocyst (ZeB) rates were not significantly different in all groups. At 72 h, total blastocyst (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates were not significantly different in all groups. The mean cell number was not significantly different among all groups. The inner cell mass (ICM) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in group F than control, group A, B and G. The trophectoderm (TE) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than group A and D. The %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in group C, D and F than control. The ICM : TE ratio was not significantly different in all groups. Between control and glucose group, no significant difference was observed in the total blastocysts (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates. Also, no significant difference was observed in the mean cell number, ICM cell number and ICM : TE ratio. However the TE cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than glucose group and %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in glucose group than control. In conclusion, glucose added in culture medium was not inhibitory on blastocyst formation but glucose added for 48 ~72 h in culture medium increases %ICM of blastocysts in mice.

Peroxiredoxin II promotes hepatic tumorigenesis through cooperation with Ras/Forkhead box M1 signaling pathway

Park, Y-H,Kim, S-U,Kwon, T-H,Kim, J-M,Song, I-S,Shin, H-J,Lee, B-K,Bang, D-H,Lee, S-J,Lee, D-S,Chang, K-T,Kim, B-Y,Yu, D-Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 Oncogene Vol.35 No.27

<P>The current study was carried out to define the involvement of Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanism(s). Expression and function of Prx II in HCC was determined using H-ras(G12V)-transformed HCC cells (H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells) and the tumor livers from H-ras(G12V)-transgenic (Tg) mice and HCC patients. Prx II was upregulated in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg mouse tumor livers, the expression pattern of which highly similar to that of forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1). Moreover, either knockdown of FoxM1 or site-directed mutagenesis of FoxM1-binding site of Prx II promoter significantly reduced Prx II levels in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells, indicating FoxM1 as a direct transcription factor of Prx II in HCC. Interestingly, the null mutation of Prx II markedly decreased the number and size of tumors in H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Consistent with this, knockdown of Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells reduced the expression of cyclin D1, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in athymic nude mice, whereas overexpression of Prx II increased or aggravated the tumor phenotypes. Importantly, the expression of Prx II was correlated with that of FoxM1 in HCC patients. The activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway and the expression of FoxM1 and cyclin D1 were highly dependent on Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Prx II is FoxM1-dependently- expressed antioxidant in HCC and function as an enhancer of Ras(G12V) oncogenic potential in hepatic tumorigenesis through activation of ERK/FoxM1/cyclin D1 cascade.</P>

Effects of Various Addition and Exclusion Time of Glucose on Development of Mouse Two-Cell Embryos

Park, S. B.,Park, K. S.,Lee, T. H.,Chun, S. S.,Kim, K. S.,Song, H. B. 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2004 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.28 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various addition and exclusion time of glucose (Control: no addition, A: 24~72 h, B: 24~48 h, C: 48~72 h, D: 0~72 h, E: 0~48 h, F: 0~24 h and 48~72 h, G: 0~24 h) on embryonic developmental capacity of 2-cell embryos in mice. Developed blastocysts were assessed for mean cell number by differential staining. The zona-intact blastocyst (ZiB) rates were higher (p<0.05) in group B than control. However, the zona-escape blastocyst (ZeB) rates were not significantly different in all groups. At 72 h, total blastocyst (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates were not significantly different in all groups. The mean cell number was not significantly different among all groups. The inner cell mass (ICM) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in group F than control, group A, B and G. The trophectoderm (TE) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than group A and D. The %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in group C, D and F than control. The ICM : TE ratio was not significantly different in all groups. Between control and glucose group, no significant difference was observed in the total blastocysts (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates. Also, no significant difference was observed in the mean cell number, ICM cell number and ICM : TE ratio. However the TE cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than glucose group and %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in glucose group than control. In conclusion, glucose added in culture medium was not inhibitory on blastocyst formation but glucose added for 48 ~72 h in culture medium increases %ICM of blastocysts in mice.

Early Regulation of Viral Infection Reduces Inflammation and Rescues Mx-positive Mice from Lethal avian Influenza Infection

Song, M.S.,Cho, Y.H.,Park, S.J.,Pascua, P.N.Q.,Baek, Y.H.,Kwon, H.I.,Lee, O.J.,Kong, B.W.,Kim, H.,Shin, E.C.,Kim, C.J.,Choi, Y.K. American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriol 2013 The American journal of pathology Vol.182 No.4

Differing sensitivity of influenza A viruses to antiviral effects of the Myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein implies varying global gene expression profiles in the host. The role of Mx protein during lethal avian influenza (AI) virus infection was examined using Mx1-deficient C57BL/6 (B6-Mx1<SUP>-/-</SUP>) and congenic Mx1-expressing (B6-Mx1<SUP>+/+</SUP>) mice infected with a virulent, mouse-adapted avian H5N2 Ab/Korea/ma81/07 (Av/ma81) virus. After infection, B6-Mx1<SUP>+/+</SUP> mice were completely protected from lethal AI-induced mortality, and exhibited attenuated clinical disease and reduced viral titers and pathology in the lungs, compared with B6-Mx1<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice. Transcriptional profiling of lung tissues revealed that most of the genes up-regulated after infection are involved in activation of the immune response and host defense. Notably, more abundant and sustained expression of cytokine/chemokine genes was observed up to 3 dpi in B6-Mx1<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice, and this was associated with excessive induction of cytokines and chemokines. Consequently, massive infiltration of macrophages/monocytes and granulocytes into lung resulted in severe viral pneumonia and potentially contributed to decreased survival of B6-Mx1<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice. Taken together, our data show that dysregulated gene transcriptional activity corresponded to persistent induction of cytokine/chemokines and recruitment of cytokine-producing cells that promote inflammation in B6-Mx1<SUP>-/-</SUP> mouse lungs. Thus, we provide additional evidence of the interplay of genetic, molecular, and cellular correlates governed by the Mx1 protein that critically determine disease outcome during lethal AI virus infection.

Isolation and genetic characterization of naturally NS-truncated H3N8 equine influenza virus in South Korea

NA, W.,KANG, B.,KIM, H.-I.,HONG, M.,PARK, S.-J.,JEOUNG, H.-Y.,AN, D.-J.,MOON, H.,KIM, J.-K.,SONG, D. Cambridge University Press 2014 Epidemiology and infection Vol.142 No.4

<B>SUMMARY</B><P>Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in equids, with confirmed outbreaks in Europe, America, North Africa, and Asia. Although China, Mongolia, and Japan have reported equine influenza outbreaks, Korea has not. Since 2011, we have conducted a routine surveillance programme to detect EIV at domestic stud farms, and isolated H3N8 EIV from horses showing respiratory disease symptoms. Here, we characterized the genetic and biological properties of this novel Korean H3N8 EIV isolate. This H3N8 EIV isolate belongs to the Florida sublineage clade 1 of the American H3N8 EIV lineage, and surprisingly, possessed a non-structural protein (NS) gene segment, where 23 bases of the NS1-encoding region were naturally truncated. Our preliminary biological data indicated that this truncation did not affect virus replication; its effect on biological and immunological properties of the virus will require further study.</P>

Pathogenesis of Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 is mediated by the cytochrome P450 family in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> animal model

Ryu, S.,Oh, S.,Park, M.R.,Lee, W.J.,Yun, B.,Choi, H.J.,Oh, M.H.,Oh, N.S.,Song, M.H.,Kim, Y. BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN 2019 FOOD CONTROL Vol.103 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Foodborne pathogens, including enterohemorrhagic <I>Escherichia coli</I> (EHEC) O157:H7, may enter from the farm environment and foods via several different vectors and influence human health. Here, we employed <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> as a host model system and compared specific host responses during EHEC O157:H7 infection using whole-transcriptome analysis. To elucidate the immune pathways stimulated by EHEC O157:H7, we employed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), transgenic worms, and RNAi. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed that genes encoding the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family were induced more than 10-fold during EHEC O157:H7 infection in <I>C. elegans</I> host models. Importantly, <I>C. elegans</I> mutants lacking CYP450 genes were highly susceptible to EHEC O157:H7 infection compared with wild-type N2 worms. Consistent with susceptibility tests, qRT-PCR results indicated that CYP450 loss-of-function mutations significantly affected the transcriptional induction of antimicrobial peptide genes, such as <I>clec-60</I>. Together, our results provide critical insights into host strategies for avoiding EHEC O157:H7 pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract via the cytochrome P450 family and highlights potential molecular targets for preventing the virulence of EHEC O157:H7 in foods.</P>

Biological evaluation of anti-influenza viral activity of semi-synthetic catechin derivatives

Song, J.M.,Park, K.D.,Lee, K.H.,Byun, Y.H.,Park, J.H.,Kim, S.H.,Kim, J.H.,Seong, B.L. Elsevier/North-Holland 2007 ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH Vol.76 No.2

Catechin derivatives with different alkyl chain length and aromatic ring substitutions at the 3-hydroxyl group were synthesized from epigallocatechin (EGC) and (+)-catechin (C) and their anti-influenza viral activity were evaluated in vitro and in ovo. Pronounced antiviral activity was observed for derivatives carrying moderate chain length (7-9 carbons) as compared to those with aromatic rings, whereas the 5'-hydroxyl group of the trihydroxy benzyl moiety did not significantly contribute to antiviral activity. The derivatives exerted inhibitory effects for all six influenza subtypes tested including three major types of currently circulating human influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B type), H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza virus. The compounds strongly inhibited adsorption of the viruses on red blood cell (RBC). They also restricted the growth of avian influenza virus in ovo with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 5-10μM far exceeding the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir or M2 proton channel inhibitor amantadine. The antiviral activity appears to be mediated by interaction with hemagglutinin (HA)/viral membrane rendering HA less fusogenic at the initial stage of infection. The broad spectrum activity against various subtypes of influenza viruses may complement the limitations of current antivirals and contribute for managing potentially emerging influenza pandemic. The structure-activity data of catechin derivatives may usefully guideline future research endeavors for applying green tea catechins as alternative anti-viral agents.

Lactobacillus helveticus CU 631 에 의한 Helicobacter pylon 의 Urease 및 공포 생성 독소 억제활성

송의한,원병렬,윤영호,강경희,장명웅 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6

표준균주 혹은 유제품으로부터 분리된 Lactobacillus spp.와 Bifidobacterium spp. 32균주를 사용하여 H. pylori 생장을 현저하게 억제하는 L. helveticus CU631을 선발하고, urease와 공포생성 독소의 활성을 억제하는 효과를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. L. helveticus CU631의 억제대의 직경이 10.0±1.5㎜ 나타내어 가장 강력한 생장 억제 능력을 보였으며 L. plantarum과 L. fermentum은 직경 4.0㎜ 내외의 억제대를 나타내어 비교적 약한 억제 활성을 보였으며 Bifidobacterium spp.에서 억제 활성을 보이지 않았다. L. helveticus CU631의 배양액과 배양 상층액 모두, H. pylori NCTC11637의 urese 억제 활성을 나타내었다. L. helveticus CU631를 H. pylori G88016를 같이 배양했을시 공포생성 독소의 역가가 50%로 감소하였으며 L. helvesticus CU631의 배양 상층액과 H. pylori G88016의 배양 상층액을 5:5와 6:4 비율로 혼합하였을 때 억제 활성이 나타났다. The inhibitory effects of 32 strains of lactobacilli against Helicobacter. pylori were determined and Lactobacillus. helveticus CU631 has been selected as the strain which possessed the strongest inhibitory effect against H. pylori NCTC11637 in inhibition zone test showing inhibition zone with the average diameter of 10±1.5㎜, whereas Lactobacillus. plantarum and L. fermentum made inhibition zone with the average diameter of 4.0㎜, H. pylori G88016 revealed the highest vacuolating toxin activity among the 8 strains of H. pylori, which showed positive reaction of vacuolating toxin gene in PCR amplification test. Both L. helveticus CU631 and cell free culture supernatant had a strong inhibitory activity on the urease activity of H. pylori NCTC11637. The inhibitory activity of L. helveticus CU631 on the vacuolating toxin activity of H. pylori manifested in the co-culture of two strains and in the 5:5 mixture of supernatant of the two strains.