In Vitro Screening for Compounds Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines with Antiviral Activities Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

( Jia Cheng ),( Na Sun ),( Xin Zhao ),( Li Niu ),( Mei Qin Song ),( Yao Gui Sun ),( Jun Bing Jiang ),( Jian Hua Guo2 ),( Yuan Sheng Bai ),( Jun Ping He ),( Hong Quan Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.8

Seventeen compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were tested for their antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vitro. Visualization with the cytopathologic effect (CPE) assay and the 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test were used to determine the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) in cultured Marc-145 cells. Among the tested compounds, chlorogenic acid and scutellarin showed potential anti-PRRSV activity. The EC50 values were 270.8 ± 14.6 μg/ml and 28.21 ± 26.0 μg/ml and the selectivity indexes were >5.54 and 35.5, respectively. The time-of-addition and virucidal assay indicated that the anti-PRRSV activity of the two compounds could be due to their inhibiting the early stage of virus replication and/or inactivating the virus directly. The inhibition of the virus attachment was not observed in the adsorption inhibition assay. The inhibition ratios of chlorogenic acid and scutellarin were, respectively, 90.8% and 61.1% at the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. The results have provided a basis for further exploration of their antiviral properties and mechanisms in vivo. We believe that the chlorogenic acid and scutellarin have a great potential to be developed as new anti-PRRSV drugs for clinical application.

『Analysis of the Application of “Inspiration-Exploration” Method in Violin Teaching』

( Guo Yuan Yuan ) 인문사회과학예술융합학회 2018 인문사회과학예술융합학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Since the introduction of the violin from the West into China, it has been widely spread and developed by society. The violin is exquisitely shaped, the sound is melodious, and it has a strong musical appeal and expressive power, which is called queen of the instrument. At present, in the teaching of violin, people pay more and more attention to the teaching of violin music. In addition to improving their professional ability through basic musical instrument playing skills, they also carry out violin music quality education to enhance students’ musical literacy. However, in the teaching, there are many problems in the traditional violin music teaching, and the teaching effect is not significant. Based on this, it is necessary to strengthen the exploration of the violin teaching reform, and fully apply the "inspired-exploratory" teaching method to improve the quality of the teaching of the violin curriculum.

Silver Nanoparticles Potentiates Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Potential of Camptothecin in Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Yuan, Yu-Guo,Zhang, Shimin,Hwang, Ji-Yoon,Kong, Il-Keun Hindawi 2018 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used metal nanoparticles in health care industries, particularly due to its unique physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties. It is used as an antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer agent. Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives function as inhibitors of topoisomerase and as potent anticancer agents against a variety of cancers. Nevertheless, the combined actions of CPT and AgNPs in apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) have not been elucidated. Hence, we investigated the synergistic combinatorial effect of CPT and AgNPs in human cervical cancer cells. We synthesized AgNPs using sinigrin as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques. The anticancer effects of a combined treatment with CPT and AgNPs were evaluated using a series of cellular and biochemical assays. The expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes was measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The findings from this study revealed that the combination of CPT and AgNPs treatment significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation of HeLa cells. Moreover, the combination effect significantly increases the levels of oxidative stress markers and decreases antioxidative stress markers compared to single treatment. Further, the combined treatment upregulate various proapoptotic gene expression and downregulate antiapoptotic gene expression. Interestingly, the combined treatment modulates various cellular signaling molecules involved in cell survival, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. Overall, these results suggest that CPT and AgNPs cause cell death by inducing the mitochondrial membrane permeability change and activation of caspase 9, 6, and 3. The synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis effect seems to be associated with increased ROS formation and depletion of antioxidant. Certainly, a combination of CPT and AgNPs could provide a beneficial effect in the treatment of cervical cancer compared with monotherapy.</P>

Exploration and Analysis of "Integration of Chinese and Western Cultures" of Chinese Realistic Ink Wash Figure Painting

Guo Yuan 국제문화기술진흥원 2023 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.11 No.1

Chinese figure painting is the earliest type of painting to be mature in the history of Chinese painting. After its peak in the Jin and Tang dynasties, Chinese figure painting turned into a low tide in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Under the influence of the May Fourth New Culture Movement's concept of "introducing the Western culture into China", realistic ink wash figure painting emerged, which was different from traditional painting. Realistic ink wash figure painting is a new kind of painting that combines traditional Chinese painting methods with concepts of Western scientific painting. With the mutual reconciliation of realistic modeling and traditional Chinese painting, it makes up for the shortcomings of traditional Chinese figure painting in reproducing life, thus forming the diversified development of Chinese figure painting. Through an in-depth interpretation of the fusion of Chinese realistic ink figure painting with Chinese and Western, this paper accurately grasps the characteristics of the painting language, which is an important guide to the creation of Chinese realistic ink painting today.

Liposome-mediated Induction of Apoptosis of Human Hepatoma Cells by C-Myc Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotide and 5-Fluorouracil

Yuan, Yuan,Cai, Hui,Yang, Xiao-Jun,Li, Wei,He, Jin,Guo, Tian-Kang,Chen, Yi-Rong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and 5-fluorouracil on the expression of c-myc, invasion and proliferation of HEPG-2 liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: HEPG-2 cells were treated with lipiosome-mediated c-myc ADSON and 5-fluorouracil. The proliferation inhibition rate and invasion were measured by MTT and invasion assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and expression of c-myc by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: The proliferation inhibition rate was significantly higher in the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide added-5-fluorouracil group than single antisense oligodeoxynucleotide or 5-fluorouracil group (p<0.05). G0/G1 cells in the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide group and S cells in the 5-fluorouracil groups were significantly increased than that in the control group, respectively (P<0.01). The amplification strips of PCR products in 5-FU, ASODN and combination groups were significantly weaker than that in the control group (P<0.01). The percentage of c-myc-protein-positive cells were significantly lower in antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, 5-fluorouracil and combination groups than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions: A liposome-mediated c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and 5-fluorouracil can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of liver cancer cells by reducing the expression of c-myc. A c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide can increase the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil and decrease the dosage of the agent necessary for efficacy, providing an experimental basis for the clinical therapy of liver cancer.

HCV-Specific Interleukin-21+CD4+ T Cells Responses Associated with Viral Control through the Modulation of HCV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Function in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Guo-Hua Feng,Fu-Sheng Wang,Ji-Yuan Zhang,Qing-Lei Zeng,Lei Jin,Junliang Fu,Bin Yang,Ying Sun,Tianjun Jiang,Xiangsheng Xu,Zheng Zhang,Jinhong Yuan,Liyuan Wu 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.4

Interleukin-21 (IL-21)+CD4+ T cells are involved in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) by secreting IL-21. However, the role of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in the immune response against chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in CHC patients and the potential mechanisms. The study subjects in-cluded nineteen CHC patients who were grouped by viral load (low, < 106 RNA copies/ml, n = 8; high, > 106 RNA copies/ml, n = 11). The peripheral frequency of HCV-specific IL-21+CD4+ T cells was higher in the low viral load group and was negatively correlated with the serum HCV RNA viral load in all CHC patients. Meanwhile, IL-21+ cells accumulated in the liver in the low viral load group. In vitro, IL-21 treatment increased the expression of proliferation markers and cytolytic molecules on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. In summary, these findings suggest that HCV-specific IL-21+CD4+ T cells might contribute to HCV control by rescuing HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in CHC patients.

A New Theory for Acupuncture: Promoting Robust Regulation

Yuan Xu,Yang Guo,Yuru Song,Kuo Zhang,Yiping Zhang,Qiang Li,Shouhai Hong,Yangyang Liu,Yi Guo 사단법인약침학회 2018 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.11 No.1

Robustness, an ability of biological networks to uphold their functionalities in the face of perturbations, is a key characteristic of all living systems. Acupuncture is a procedure in which fine needles are inserted into an individual at discrete points and then manipulated, with the intent of preventing and curing diseases. Acupuncture does not directly eliminate pathogenic factors or pathological tissue; rather, acupuncture enhances the ability of the human body to self-medicate itself by activating complex regulatory systems and by maintaining physiological homeostasis to prevent or treat diseases. From this point of view, the effect of acupuncture on the human body is more likely a kind of regulation to promote robustness. That is to say, acupuncture has the ability to promote robustness. In this article, we review the properties and functions of acupuncture in preventing and treating diseases and in maintaining health by enhancing robustness.

Synergistic Neuroprotective Effects of Mature Silkworm and Angelica gigas Against Scopolamine-Induced Mild Cognitive Impairment in Mice and H2O2-Induced Cell Death in HT22 Mouse Hippocampal Neuronal Cells

Yuan-Ri Guo,김휘,김민상,신명배,이주형,맹성호,차승윤,이정훈,고영호,김기영,강상국,박현우,서주원 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.5

We previously reported that mature Bombyx mori silkworm (SW) ameliorated scopolamine (Sco)-induced amnesia, and Angelica gigas (AG) prevented cognitive impairment. SW is known for its gastroprotective effects such as improving liver function and alleviating the effects of Parkinson's disease. AG is known for its neuroprotective effects and for lowering the effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, the neuroprotective effect of combined SW and AG (SWA-1) treatment and the underlying molecular mechanism by which SWA-1 regulates neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. We evaluated the neuroprotective effect of SWA-1 against Sco-induced mild cognitive impairment in mice and H2O2-induced cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Morris water maze and Y-maze tests were performed to examine the learning and memory abilities of mice. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated by using western blotting. We demonstrated that SWA-1 significantly protects against H2O2-induced cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. SWA-1 also significantly reversed Sco-induced spatial learning and memory impairment. Specifically, SWA-1 upregulates the protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk1/2) and phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase (p38). SWA-1 remarkably decreased the apoptotic index Bax/Bcl2 expression in the hippocampus of Sco-treated mice. Our results suggest that SWA-1 may be administered as alternative therapy for cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases and should be studied further in human trials.

A New Approach to Chen Men’s Ridicule of Kongzi

( Guo Yuan ),( Guo Tan ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2016 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.25

在“子路宿于石門”篇中, “晨門”對孔子周流列國之擧的態度究竟如何? 對此問題, 先賢巨匠的釋讀觀點旣精彩紛呈又存有爭論。在分析《論語》原典和諸家注釋的基礎上, 本文認爲“晨門”之“知其不可而爲之”一語應是在譏諷孔子;但是“晨門”的譏諷却恰好反證了孔子高尙的品格和對人類社會發展的眞切關懷;同時, “知其不可而爲之”從另外一種側面揭示了儒家的精神骨幹。 The “Xian wen” 憲問chapter in the Lunyu 論語contains Chen Men’s 晨門remark about Kongzi 孔子(551-479 BCE). Kongzi was well known for his travel to feudal states to preach his political ideals. Of this effort, Chen Men remarked that Kongi was “doing things though he know they are unworkable” (zhi qi bu ke er wei zhi 知其不可而爲之). Chen Men’s remark has typically been understood as a ridicule of Kongzi. While there have been various debates on the nature of the Chen Men’s criticism of Kongzi’s behavior and diverse interpretations are possible it seems clear that Chen Men’s ridicule of Kongzi attests to Kongzi’s lofty moral integrity and idealistic devotion to improving human society. The effort and devotion exemplified by Kongzi are usually understood as the essence of Confucian morale and value. The ridicule implied by "knowing it is impossible" can be said to represent the evaluation of Confucius and all Confucian scholars made by the people at that time. Such comments made by them can be regarded as purely a criticism of Confucius, who did not know much about the lives of ordinary people in the real political world at that time, and only pursued ideals that departed from reality. Confucius' perseverance was not accepted by those in power at the time. It is not an appropriate dimension to interpret Confucianism from the perspective of popularization, idealization, and deification. [Article in Chinese]

Germacrone Attenuates Hyperlipidemia and Improves Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice

Yuan-Ri Guo,정세영 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.1

We previously showed that Aster spathulifolius Maxim extract (ASE) reduced body weight gain and serum and liver lipid levels and significantly suppressed serum insulin and leptin concentrations in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Germacrone (GM) was identified as a potent bioactive constituent of ASE. In this study, we hypothesized that GM can attenuate hyperlipidemia by alleviating fatty acid (FA) synthesis/uptake and improve lipid metabolism by stimulating FA β-oxidation in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. To induce obesity, mice were fed an HFD for 6 weeks, while control mice were fed a commercial standard diet. The mice were allocated to six groups and fed either a normal diet, HFD, HFD with GM (5, 10, and 20mg/kg), or HFD with 200mg/kg Garcinia cambogia extract for 30 days. In the GM groups, body weight gain, visceral fat pad weight, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and leptin, and serum, as well as hepatic lipid, levels were attenuated. Transcriptional factors related to lipid metabolism, such as AMP-activated protein kinase α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1, SREBP 2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, PPAR-γ, FA synthase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, showed higher expression in the GM groups. In summary, GM may help attenuate hyperlipidemia by suppressing FA synthesis and uptake by inhibiting SREBP signaling pathway activation and improve lipid metabolism by stimulating FA β-oxidation by activating the AMPKα signaling pathway in HFD-induced obesity.