Improvement of Trust and Reputation using Intrusion Detection and Authentication in Ad Hoc Networks

Gulshan Kumar,Rahul Saha,Mritunjay Kumar Rai 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.4

The indefinite need of dynamic environment has always imposed a concern on ad hoc networks and its application. It is often found that the internal nodes in such infrastructureless network are compromising with the trust factor to forward the packets and are able to exploit the trust to create different types of attacks such as black hole, worm hole, DDoS etc. The recent literature survey in this line of study gives an impression to the fact that the trust for the internal nodes in the networks has been emphasized less while designing any security approach for the routing protocols. Besides, the concept of watchdog/pathrater has been considered to be an inefficient if used alone. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed an algorithm using intrusion detection and authentication method to provide enough trust in the routing path. The algorithm is having two layer of security aspect: watchdog-pathrater is used as the first layer along with a threshold value and secondly, end-to-end authentication is used to maintain the trust among the nodes in the network. The results are simulated in Network Simulator-2 (NS2). The results of the simulation show that the proposed algorithm minimizes the attacks in routing path. We have also compared our proposed algorithm with the two existing algorithm recently identified in the literature. The comparison also depicts the fact of the efficiency of our algorithm.

Implementation of Cipher Block Chaining in Wireless Sensor Networks for Security Enhancement

Gulshan Kumar,Mritunjay Rai,Gang-soo Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.6 No.1

Analysis of stress dispersion in bamboo reinforced wall panels under earthquake loading using finite element analysis

Gulshan Kumar,Deepankar K. Ashish 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2018 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.21 No.4

Present study is mainly concerned about the idea of innovative utilization of bamboo in modern construction. Owing to its compatible mechanical properties, a beneficial effect of its use in reinforced concrete (RC) frame infills has been observed. In this investigation, finite element analyses have been performed to examine the failure pattern and stress distribution pattern through the infills of a moment resisting RC frame. To validate the pragmatic use of bamboo reinforced components as infills, earthquake loading corresponding to Nepal earthquake had been considered. The analysis have revealed that introduction of bamboo in RC frames imparts more flexibility to the structure and hence may causes a ductile failure during high magnitude earthquakes like in Nepal. A more uniform stress distribution throughout the bamboo reinforced wall panels validates the practical feasibility of using bamboo reinforced concrete wall panels as a replacement of conventional brick masonry wall panels. A more detailed analysis of the results have shown the fact that stress concentration was more on the frame components in case of frame with brick masonry, contrary to the frame with bamboo reinforced concrete wall panels, in which, major stress dispersion was through wall panels leaving frame components subjected to smaller stresses. Thus an effective contribution of bamboo in dissipation of stresses generated during devastating seismic activity have been shown by these results which can be used to concrete the feasibility of using bamboo in modern construction.

Comparative Effect of Different Plasticizers on Barrier, Mechanical, Optical, and Sorption Properties of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)–Based Edible Film

Malik Gulshan Kumar,Khuntia Anjali,Mitra Jayeeta 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.2

Purpose Identifying ideal plasticizer is pivotal to develop a biopolymer-based edible films for food packaging. The effect of different plasticizers (glycerol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol) on the mechanical, water vapor barrier, optical, and moisture sorption properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) -based flexible films was examined in this study. Methods Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films were determined using standard ASTM methods. Moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) for different HPMCfilms were obtained thermogravemitically and seven sorption models were fitted to experimental sorption data through nonlinear regression using curve fitting tool inMATLAB R2015b and goodness of fit of these models was compared based on Akaike information criterion (AIC). GAB model was used to determine the monolayer moisture content and heat of sorption of different films. Results Plasticizing efficacy of different plasticizers was significantly different for HPMC film in studied concentration range. Water vapor permeability (WVP) for native HPMC film was 0.451 g mm/kPa m2 h, which further increased to 0.972, 0.890, and 0.615 g mm/kPa m2 h when 25% (w/w of HPMC) glycerol, PEG, and sorbitol were added as plasticizers, respectively. GAB model showed an increase in monolayermoisture (M0) content with increasing plasticizer concentration and the highestM0 value was observed for glycerol-plasticized film. Conclusions Added plasticizers were found to be effective in providing desirable flexibility in terms of elongation to HPMC film which is beneficial for coating and shrink wrap packaging application but adversely affect the tensile strength and transparency of film. Henderson and Oswin models were selected as the best fit model to the experimental sorption data based on AIC values. The findings from the current study would serve in selection of suitable plasticizer for HPMC-based film/coating in food packaging applications.

An Experimental Investigation on Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Cascaded with Ejector Refrigeration System

Kumar Vikas,Sachdeva Gulshan,Tiwari Sandeep,Anuradha Parinam,Jain Vaibhav 대한설비공학회 2021 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.29 No.3

A conventional vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) cascaded with a heat-assisted ejector refrigeration system (ERS) has been experimentally analyzed. Cascading allows the VCRS to operate at lower condenser temperatures and thus achieve a higher coefficient of performance. In this cascaded system, the condenser of the vapor compression system does not dissipate its heat directly to the evaporator of the ERS; instead, water circulates between the condenser of VCRS and the evaporator of ERS to exchange the heat. Seven ejectors of different geometries have been used in the ERS; however, all the ejectors could not maintain thermal equilibrium at the desired operating conditions. The compressor of the cascaded VCRS consumed 1.3 times less power than the noncascaded VCRS. Furthermore, the cascaded system provided a maximum 87.74% improvement in COP over the noncascaded system for the same operating conditions. The performance of the system remained constant until the critical condenser pressure of the ERS.

Experimental Investigation of Ejector-Assisted Vapor Compression System

Vikas Kumar,GULSHAN SACHDEVA 대한설비공학회 2019 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.27 No.3

The performance of an ejector as an expansion device rather than the conventional expansion valve or capillary tube in a vapor compression system is experimentally analyzed. Experiments have been conducted using 28 ejectors of different dimensions at the same condenser and evaporator temperatures, and it has been observed that for utmost performance, an optimum area ratio of the ejector is required. One of the ejector geometry has been experimented further for a wide range of condenser and evaporator temperatures. The coefficient of performance is found to be enhanced by at least 10% in comparison to the conventional vapor compression system for the considered range of condenser and evaporator temperatures and the maximum improvement in COP obtained is 12.83% at 14.3∘C evaporator temperature and 32.4∘C condenser temperature with 17.9211 ejector area ratio. The refrigerant R134a has been used as the working substance.

Optimized Refrigerant Flow Rate and Dimensions of the Ejector Employed in a Modified Ejector Vapor Compression System

Dishant Sharma,Gulshan Sachdeva,Dinesh Kumar Saini 대한설비공학회 2020 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.28 No.4

This paper presents the analysis of a modified vapor compression cooling system which uses an ejector as an expansion device. Expanding refrigerant in an ejector enhances the refrigeration effect and reduces compressor work. Therefore, it yields a better coefficient of performance. Thermodynamic analysis of a constant area ejector model has been done to obtain primary dimensions of the ejector for given condenser and evaporator temperature and cooling capacity. The proposed model has been used to design the ejector for three refrigerants; R134a, R152a and R1234yf. The refrigerant flow rate and the diameters at various sections of the ejector have been obtained by doing numerical modeling in Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Refrigerant R1234yf demanded the highest diameter requirements at a fixed 5∘C evaporator temperature and 40∘C condenser temperature for a given range of cooling load. Both primary and secondary refrigerants flow rates are higher for R1234yf followed by R134a and then R152a.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Cascade Refrigeration System Using the Concept of Modified and Advanced Exergy, Risk Level and Thermal Inventory

Vaibhav Jain,Rajiv Rawat,Gulshan Sachdeva,Vikas Kumar 대한설비공학회 2020 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.28 No.4

This work conceives the performance of vapor compression cascaded refrigeration system (CRS) from the exergy, safety and thermal inventory points of view employing the theory of effective temperature (T eff )Teff) than environment temperature (To) in Gouy–Stodola equation. Comparative results show that the actual irreversible loss in CRS is 8.1% higher. Further, advanced exergy analysis results showed that 17.985 kW irreversible loss (out of 33.737 kW irreversible loss) in the system is evadable with improvement in the system design. Besides, the vulnerability of toxic fluid R717 is reported in terms of the total risk level. Moreover, the economy matter is expressed in terms of its total thermal inventory. At the base case, total risk level and total thermal inventory are determined to be 454.3 US$ and 48.86 kW/K, respectively. First, sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the variation in irreversible loss, total risk level and thermal inventory at different evaporator and condenser temperatures with different degrees of overlap (decision variables). A total of nine simulations are designed using the Taguchi technique. Later, multi-objective optimization is employed. The optimization process reduced the total irreversibility and annual risk level of CRS by 10.2% and 8.9%, respectively, with 6.8% increase in thermal inventory.

Effect of Euphorbia Coagulum Content on Fire Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Polyester Bamboo Fiber Composite

Sanju Kumari,Ritesh Kumar,Bhuvneshwar Rai,Gulshan Kumar 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.3

This study describes the development of polyester resin/Euphorbia coagulum/bamboo fiber (PEB) compositeswith enhanced thermo-mechanical and fire retardant properties. The composites were fabricated by varying euphorbiacoagulum content from 10 % to 40 % with 40 % bamboo fiber. Mechanical and fire retardant properties were studied for thefabricated composite. The best mechanical properties were obtained for 30 % replacement of polyester resin with euphorbiacoagulum. Fire retardant property (limiting oxygen index) was increased from 18 % to 23 % with the increasing concentration ofEuphorbia coagulum content from 10 % to 40 % in the polyester resin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that thereplacement of 40 % polyester resin with euphorbia coagulum enhanced the ash content of the composite which contributedto a higher fire retardant efficiency. The use of euphorbia coagulum as a binder and bamboo fiber as reinforcement materialmakes it possible to produce an environmentally friendly composite material that can be utilized for the building panels,surfboards, boat hulls, and sporting goods.

Wave propagation at free surface in thermoelastic medium under modified Green-Lindsay model with non-local and two temperature

Sachin Kaushal,Rajneesh Kumar,Indu Bala,Gulshan Sharma 국제구조공학회 2024 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.90 No.2

The present paper is focused on the study of the propagation of plane waves in thermoelastic media under a modified Green-Lindsay (MG-L) model having the influence of non-local and two temperature. The problem is formulated for the considered model in dimensionless form and is explained by using the reflection phenomenon. The plane wave solution of these equations indicates the existence of three waves namely Longitudinal waves (LD-Wave), Thermal waves (T-wave), and Shear waves (SV-wave) from a stress-free surface. The variation of amplitude ratios is computed analytically and depicted graphically against the angle of incidence to elaborate the impact of non-local, two temperature, and different theories of thermoelasticity. Some particular cases of interest are also deduced from the present investigation. The present study finds applications in a wide range of problems in engineering and sciences, control theory, vibration mechanics, and continuum mechanics.