Corrective Feedback and Phonological Short-Term Memory in the Acquisition of the English That-Trace Filter: A Conceptual Replication of Goo, 2012

( Jae Myung Goo ) 21세기영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학21 Vol.27 No.1

Recent interaction research has shown that corrective feedback may benefit L2 learners to varying degrees, and that certain types of feedback may be more beneficial than others, engendering much discussion and research attempts to investigate the issue. Goo`s (2012) study is one of those empirical attempts conducted in this line of research paradigm. The present study, as a conceptual replication of Goo`s original study, explores this on-going area of feedback research, the relative efficacy of different forms of corrective feedback, and whether/how phonological short-term memory (PSTM) mediates the impact of different feedback moves on the acquisition of the English that-trace filter. Twenty-nine adult high-intermediate Korean EFL learners were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a recast, metalinguistic feedback, and comparison groups. The study employed a pretest-posttest design. One intensive treatment session was implemented. Two dependent variable measures were developed/administered to assess learner performance: a timed grammaticality judgment test and a timed oral production test. Overall results showed that metalinguistic feedback was more effective than recasts at facilitating the acquisition of the target construction. PSTM was not found to be correlated with the effectiveness of recasts and metalinguistic feedback. Different patterns of learner performance were also observed depending upon the mode of dependent variable measure.

The Role of Service Level Agreements in Relational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: An Empirical Study

Goo,,Kishore,,Rao,,Nam, JSTOR 2009 MIS Quarterly Vol.33 No.1

<P>This study extends the view that formal contracts and relational governance function as complements rather than as substitutes. We investigate how specific characteristics of service level agreements (SLAs) impact relational governance in information technology outsourcing relationships. Eleven contractual elements (categorized into three SLA characteristics: foundation, change, and governance characteristics) are hypothesized to act as complements of three relational governance attributes: relational norms, harmonious conflict resolution, and mutual dependence. Data for the study were collected through a survey of South Korean IT executives. Results of the study support the fundamental proposition of complementarity between formal contracts and relational governance, and indicate that well-structured SLAs have significant positive influence on the various aspects of relational governance in IT outsourcing relationships. However, the study also reveals that change characteristics of SLAs may act as a substitute for relational governance as these characteristics were found to dampen the level of trust and commitment through moderation effects. Overall, the findings support the proposition that well-developed SLAs not only provide a way to measure the service provider's performance, but also enable effective management of outsourcing engagements through the development of partnership-style relationships with high levels of trust and commitment.</P>

Cardiovascular Neurons Mediating Somatosympathetic Reflex in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Goo,Yong-Sook,Kim,Sang-Jeong,Kim,Jun,Sung,Ho-Kyung 대한생리학회 1993 대한생리학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) includes vasopressor neurons, which transmit activation signals to the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the spinal cord, where the preganglionic sympathetic nucleus is located, to raise arterial blood pressure (BP). However, controversy exists as to the possible depressor area in the RVLM and the pathway involved. The present study persued evidence far the location of depressor neurons and the pathway by simultaneously observing changes in BP and the firing rate (FR) of cardiovascular neurons (CVNs) in the RVLM during the somatosympathetic reflex (SSR) elicited by peripheral nerve stimulation, since CVNs are known to contribute to the generation of the sympathetic nerve discharge. In 42 cats, anaesthetized with α-chloralose, single unit recording was performed, using carbon filament electrodes inserted into the RVLM, enabling estimation of the post R wave unit histogram (PR-UNlT) and the spike triggered average of sympathetic nerve discharge (STA-SND), allowing identification of CVNs. Antidromic stimulation of spinal T₂ segment was followed to determine whether the identified CVN projects axonal endings to the spinal cord (reticulospinal neuron). The sciatic nerve was electrically stimulated at AΔ-intensity (1 mA, 0.1 ms), 1 Hz and C-intensity (10 mA, 0.5 ms), 20 Hz to elicit the depressor, and pressor responses of the SSR, respectively. Simultaneous measurement of CVN firing rate was made. Experimental results are summarized as follows. 1) 20 out of 98 CVNs had axonal projections to the spinal cord and 17 out of 98 CVNs showed FR changes during SSR. 2) Response patterns of FR and BP during SSR were classified into 8 types. 3) These 8 different response patterns could be further classified into those from pressor and depressor neurons. These results demonstrate that some CVNs were identifiable as reticulospinal neurons responding to anti-dromic stimulation and that CVNs operating as depressor neurons as well as pressor neurons exist in the RVLM, both of which are involved with SSR mediation. Therefore, evidence was found that an independent depressor pathway might be involved in the mediation of SSR.

다방향 불규칙파중의 초대형 해양구조물의 동적응답해석

구자삼,조효제,김경태 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

본 논문에서는 3차원 특이점분포법, 파의 상호간섭이론 및 유한요소법을 결합한 Goo등[29]이 개발한 초대형 해양구조물의 동적응답 해석법과 스펙트럴 해석법을 이용하여 다수의 임의형상 지지부체간의 유체역학적 상호간섭을 고려한 다방향 불규칙파중의 초대형 해양구조물의 운동응답 및 구조응답의 유의치를 동시에 계산할 수 있는 동적응답 해석법을 개발하였으며, 반잠수식 Ring 형상의 초대형 해양구조물을 수치계산 모델로 하여 구조물의 동적응답에 미치는 상호간섭과 다방향파의 영향을 평가하였다. A numerical procedure is described for predicting the motion and structural responses of the very large floating offshore structures supported by multiple 3-D floating bodies of arbitrary shape in multi-directional irregular waves. The developed numerical approach taking into account of the hydrodynamic interactions among the multiple floating bodies is based on a combination of the 3-D source distribution method, the wave interaction theory, the finite element method and the spectral analysis method to get the significant values of the dynamic responses in the multi-directional irregular waves. The effects of wave interactions and directionality on the dynamic responses of a very large offshore structure, which is semisubmersible ring type, are numerically examined.

한국인의 항파상풍 항체 역가

구홍두,최옥경,장석준,정구영,이정운,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Inspite of immunization, TETANUS remains a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Tetanus has been still occurred more frequently in developing countries where immunization programs are inadequate. In Korea, there is a routine immunuzation schedule with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus(DPT) vaccines at 2,4,6 month after birth at 18 month. But further prophylactic programs are not exist. Moreover, we have usually used only passive immunization, tetanus antitoxin, as a prophylactic regimen for injured patients instead of guidelines of Center for Disease Control. The purpose of this study was to assess the baseline tetanus immunity state and to suggest the proper immunization schedule and adequate prophylactic guideline for injured patients in Korea. One hundred thirty one trauma patients from emergency department of Severance hospital from September to November of 1993 were included. Antietanus antibody titers of the patients were analyzed by ELISA assay. The mean antitetanus antibody titer was 0.728 ±0.236IU/mL. The titers were diminished rapidly with age. In pediatric group(age under 15), the mean titer was 3.251 ±0.426 IU/mL and in geriatric group(age over 64), the mean titer was 0.007 ±0.002 IU/mL which was below the minimal protective antibody titer(0.01 IU/mL). While all of the pediatric patients have protective antibody titer, only 69.2% of young adults(15-39, n=65), 56.7% of adults(40-64, n=30), and 57.2% of geriatrics(>65, n=14) have protective antibody titer. Our results suggest that tetanus prophylaxis is unnecessary in the age under 14. In other age groups, however, our data strongly support the need of prophyulaxis.

僞造된 登記申請書에 의해 經了된 所有權移轉登記의 效力

강구욱 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.21 No.2

Article 176 of the Japanese Civil Law enacted in Korea until December 31, 1959 prescribes the intentionism on transfer of a real right. However, the Korean Civil Law, which was legislated on February 22, 1958 and enacted from January 1, 1960, changed its principle to formalism. According to this principle of transfer of a real right in the Civil Law, if a person concludes a contract to buy another person's property and pays all of the proceeds of the sale, and if the property is not fulfilled a registration of ownership transfer, a purchaser can not acquire ownership of the property. And According to the principle of joint application for registration in the Registration of Real Estate Act, the ownership transfer registration must be filed jointly by the seller and the buyer. Therefore, if the real estate seller has not filed a valid application for registration, the ownership transfer registration to the buyer is invalid, and the buyer can’t acquire the ownership. However, the Supreme Court has established and maintains a case law stating that it is valid registration if it is coincide with the substantive relation, even if the registration is made by the forged application form for registration. And many theories support it. In this paper, I introduced many precedents of the Supreme Court on this issue, and examined the major three precedents of the Supreme Court and the original judgement. And I proved that the case law can just conceded before enacting the Civil Law, which was legislated on February 22, 1958 and enacted from 1960, but not under the principles in the current Civil Law and the Registration of Real Estate Act. 1959. 12. 31.까지 우리나라에 시행된 일본 「민법」 제176조는 부동산 물권변동에 관해 의사주의 원칙을 규정하고 있지만, 1958. 2. 22. 제정되어 1960. 1. 1.부터 시행되고 있는 우리 「민법」은 그 원칙을 형식주의로 변경했다. 이러한 우리 「민법」의 물권변동 원칙에 의하면 어떤 자가 타인의 부동산을 매수하는 계약을 체결한 다음 매매대금을 모두 지급했다고 하더라도 「부동산등기법」에 따른 소유권이전등기를 경료하지 않으면 그 매수인은 그 부동산에 관한 소유권을 취득할 수 없고, 「부동산등기법」에 규정되어 있는 공동신청주의 원칙에 의하면 그 소유권이전등기는 매도인(등기의무자)과 매수인(등기권리자)이 공동으로 신청해야 한다. 따라서 부동산 매도인이 적법･유효한 등기신청을 하지 않았는데도 매수인 앞으로 소유권이전등기가 경료되었다면 그 등기는 무효고, 매수인은 그 등기가 공시하는 소유권을 취득할 수 없다고 해야 한다. 그런데도 대법원은 ‘위조된 등기신청서에 의해 경료된 소유권이전등기라고 하더라도 그것이 실체관계에 부합하면 유효하다’고 하는 판례 법리를 형성･유지하고 있고, 다수의 학설도 이를 지지･동조하고 있다. 이에 필자는 판례 법리를 형성하고 있는 대법원 판결들의 요지를 소개하고, 그 판결들 중 학설에 의해 가장 많이 원용되고 있는 주요판결 3개와 그 원심판결들을 분석･검토한 다음 위와 같은 판례 법리는 일본 「민법」이 시행될 당시에 부동산 소유권을 취득한 자가 1965. 12. 31. 이전에 소유권이전등기를 단독으로 경료한 사안에 대해 인정할 수 있는 여지가 있을 뿐 우리 「민법」과 「부동산등기법」의 법원칙 아래에서는 인정할 여지가 없다는 점을 논증했다.

장기재배 시험에 의한 중금속 오염토양의 식물정화

정구복,김원일,이종식,김경민 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.1

중금속 오염토양에 대한 식물학적 복원에 적합한 식물종 탐색을 위하여 수목류 5종, 화홰류 2종 및 잔디를 대상으로 제련소인근 중금속 오염지 포장에서 3년간 재배하여 연차별로 식물중에 흡수된 중금속 함량을 조사하였다. 식물의 건물중은 양황철, 팽나무, 적단풍, 사철나무, 회양목 순이었고, 연차별 건물중의 증가도 팽나무, 양황철, 적단풍이 높게 나타났다. 식물의 중금속은 지하부가 지상부보다 높은 함량을 보였으며, 식물중 회양목은 뿌리에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 공시식물의 3년차 총 흡수량은 카드뮴이 양황철, 팽나무, 단풍나무, 구리가 팽나무, 양황철, 회양목, 납이 양황철, 팽나무, 단풍나무, 비소가 회양목, 단풍나무, 양황철 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 식물의 건물중과 중금속 흡수량을 볼 때 양황철, 회양목, 단풍나무 및 팽나무 등이 중금속으로 오염된 토양에 대한 정화 식물로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. In order to select proper plants for phytoremediation at heavy metal contaminated areas, eight species of non-edible plants were cultivated at the heavy metal contaminated soils near a metal smelter. The content of the absorbed heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and As) at different part of the plants were analyzed. Plants included five tree species (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii, Euonymus japonica, Acer palmantum, Celtis sinensis, Buxus microphylla), two flower species (Rhododendron lateritium, Calendula officinalis), and lawn (Zoysia japonica). Biomass yield of tree species was higher than those of flower or lawn species. Heavy metals were highly accumulated in roots compared to those in leaves and stems. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and As in Buxus microphylla were greater than those in other plant species. Total absorbed Cd and Pb contents, from high to low by each plant in experimetal plots were in the order of Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii, Celtis sinensis and Acer palmantum. They were Celtis sinensis, Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii and Buxus microphylla for Cu, and Buxus microphylla, Acer palmantum and Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii for As. It was estimated that among eight plant species used in the experiment Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii, Buxus microphylla, Acer palmantum, and Celtis sinensis were the most effective species for phytoremediation in the heavy metals polluted areas considering biomass yield and heavy metal uptake.

진정성의 윤리와 인정의 정치

박구용 全南大學校 人文科學硏究所 2002 용봉인문논총 Vol.31 No.-

내시경을 이용한 전두부 지방종 제거술

문구현 충북대학교 의학연구소 2000 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.10 No.2

연구목적: 지방종은 성형외과 영역에서 가장 흔히 접하게되는 연부조직 양성 종양이다. 작은 표재성 지방종은 증상이 없으나 안면부에 발생시에는 눈에 쉽게 띄기에 수술적 치료를 요하게 된다. 전통적인 안면부 지방종의 치료법은 피부절개를 통한 제거술이나 이는 술후 해당부위에 반흔이 필연적으로 남게된다. 최근 성형수술 분야에서 내시경의 이용이 점차 늘고 있어 최소한의 절개만으로 원하는 결과를 얻는 수술법들이 속속 소개되고 있으나 아직 안변부 지방종에 내시경을 이용한 보고가 없어 저자는 내시경을 이용한 지방종 적출술을 시도하여 이의 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 최근 18개월간 전두부에 발생한 지방종 환자 4례에서 내시경을 이용한 적출 술을 시도하였다 종괴의 크기는 직경 2.0 -2.7cm 이었고 2개가 떨어져 동시에 발생했던 1례를 제외하고는 모두 단일 병변을 지니고 있었다. 직경 4mm의 내시경을 이용하여 전부두 골막하 박리와 종괴 적출을 시행하였다. 결과: 눈에 띄는 부위에 반흔을 남기지 않고 모든 례에서 성공적으로 종양을 제거할수 있었고 혈종, 감염, 신경손상과 같은 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 조직학적 검사상 보두 지방종으로 확인되었고 모든 환자들은 미용적으로 매우 만족해 하였다. 추적 관찰에서도 지방종의 재발이나 전두부 윤곽 변형등의 이차적인 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 결론: 본 수술법은 원위부 절개를 통해 보이는 곳에 반흔을 남기지 않으면서도 전부두에 발생한 지방종 제거에 효과적인 방법이라고 사료되며 안면 다른 부위에서도 선택적으로 이용할 수 있으리라 판단된다. Purpose : Lipomas are probably the most common benign soft tissue tumor presenting to the cutaneous surgeon. Small superficial lipomas are symptom free but facial location rendered patients to receive surgery because of cosmetic concerns. Traditional treatment of facial lipoma has been direct excision with incision placed over the tumor which resulted in linear scar on corresponding location. In recent plastic surgery fields, endoscopy-assisted procedures are widely applied for minimal Incision technique so the author tried endoscopic extirpation of facial lipomas to evaluate it's efficacy. Materials and Methods: Four patients having forehead lipomas are included in this study. Diameter of the lesions were ranged from 2.0 to 2.7 centimeter and all had single mass except one case with double lesions. 4mm diameter endoscpoe was used for subperiosteal dissection and lipoma removal. Results: All tumors are successfully removed without noticeable scars on forehead and other morbidity like hematoma, infection and nerve problem. Histologic confirmation of lipoma was done. Cosmetically patients were very satisfied with the results and during follow -up, late comlications like recurrence and contour irregularity didn't occurred. Conclusion : The author concluded this endoscopy assisted extirpation with remote incision results in cosmetically excellent results and should be primary option in facial lipoma treatment.

國民學校 低學年의 敎科指導에 관한 硏究

黃求淵 진주교육대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.27 No.1