미역부산물의 첨가가 홀스타인 비유우의 비유성적과 내분비생리에 미치는 영향

이홍구,홍중산,이철호,허성웅,김훈,김명국,이현준,최낙진,고태송,최윤재,Lee, H.G.,Hong, Z.S.,Li, Z.H.,Xu, C.X.,Jin, X.,Jin, M.G.,Lee, H.J.,Choi, N.J.,Koh, T.S.,Choi, Yun-Jaie 한국축산학회 2005 한국축산학회지 Vol.47 No.4

본 시험은 미역분말의 첨가가 홀스타인 젖소의 유생산과 내분비계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 기초사료에 미역분말을 1일 두당 800g 수준으로 급여하여 대조구와 비교하였다. 사료건물섭취량은 처리에 의한 영향을 받지 않았고 비유말기 산유량은 대조구에 비해 일일 6.25kg 이나 많게 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 하지만 유성분은 처리구간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 대조구의 체세포수는 유동적이었지만 처리구의 체세포수는 시험 종료 시 $10^5$개/ml로 시험개시에 비해 무려 53.77%의 감소효과를 보여 탁월한 체세포 감소효과를 나타내었다. 미역분말의 첨가가 혈중 면역글로부린의 함량에는 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 비유에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 IGF-1의 혈장농도는 미역처리구에서 유의성 있게 증가하였으며 비유와 직접적인 관련이 있는 또 다른 호르몬인 $T_3$ 와 $T_4$의 농도도 유의적으로 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 지질대사산물인 TC, HDL-C와 LDL-C의 농도는 모두 처리구에서 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 이와 같이 미역부산물의 사료 중 첨가는 유생산량의 증가를 보였는데 이는 혈중 비유관련 호르몬의 분비에 영향을 준 결과로 확인된 바 젖소사료자원으로서의 응용가치가 클 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to investigate effects of the brown seaweed waste(BSW) supplementation on milk production and related endocrine response in serum in Holstein dairy cows. A total of 14 Holstein dairy cows(initial mean live weight 625kg, average lactation days 225, Reproduction 2.4) were randomly allocated into control(basal diet) and treatment groups (4% BSW/basal diet) with 7 replications for 90 days. Dry matter intake was not affected by brown seaweed waste supplementation, but daily milk yield(kg) at the last experiment significantly increased (6.25kg) in treatment group compared with control group(p<0.05) at the last experiment. The plasma insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1, triiodothyronine($T_3$) and thyroxine($T_4$) levels were significantly increased in treatment group compared with control group(p<0.05), although the concentration of plasma growth hormone(GH) was not significantly different. Milk composition was not significantly different between groups. The somatic cell count(SCC) in milk were significantly reduced in treatment group compared with control group(p<0.05), but antibodies(total IgG, G1, G2) were not significantly different between groups. Therefore we strongly believe that the increased milk yield is related to metabolic hormones as IGF-1, $T_3$ and $T_4$ and the mechanism of reducing SCC in milk must do more study related nonspecific immunsystem in the future.

양질 조사료의 보충과 황토의 첨가수준이 한우의 성장성적, 육질 등급 및 경제성에 미치는 영향

홍중산,이홍구,이보균,김준식,최윤재,김윤학,김명국 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.1

본 연구는 6개월령의 한우 36두를 이용하여 양질 조사료의 보충(rice straw;RT, rice straw+cubed roughage;RCT)과 황토의 첨가수준(0%, 1%, 2% 황토)이 생산성, 육질 및 경제적 효과에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험기간동안 볏짚에 양질 조사료의 보충 (cubed roughage, RCT)은 볏짚단독 처리(RT)에 비하여 일당증체, 사료효율 및 출하체중에서 각각 10%, 6.8%, 8.2%로서 유의적으로 증가되었으나(P<0.05), 황토의 첨가는 한우의 성장성적에 뚜렷한 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났고, 2%의 첨가수준은 오히려 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 육질 및 경제성 분석에서는 RCT구는 뚜렷한 개선효과를 보였지만, RT구에서는 황토 1%에서만 첨가 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. RCT구에서는 1%, 2% 모두가 0%에 비하여 보다 개선된 결과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과들은 한우 비육에 있어서 황토의 첨가는 성장성적에는 뚜렷한 효과가 나타나지 않았지만 육질과 경제적 효과에서는 1%의 첨가는 개선효과가 있는 것으로 사료되며, 고급육 생산을 위한 황토의 첨가시에는 양질의 조사료 보충이 경제적 효과성을 더욱 향상시킬 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to estimate the effects of high quality cubed roughage and red clay (0%, 1%, 2%) on growth performance, meat quality and economical benefits. Thirty-six 6 month-old Korean native cattle, averaging 156㎏ of BW, were assigned to six groups in a 2 (rice straw : RT, rice straw+cubed roughage : RCT)× 3 (0, 1, 2% red clay). During experimental period, the high quality cubed roughage added into rice straw treatment (RCT) was superior to the only rice straw treatment (RT) on daily gain and feed efficiency and final weight 10%, 6.8%, 8.2% (P<0.05) respectively. But the addition of red clay did not affect and even 2% addition decreased those parameters. For meat quality and economical analysis, the addition of high quality cubed roughage made an outstanding result and for RT treatment, only 1% red clay indicated good effects while both 1% and 2% red clay were better than 0% for RCT treatment. From these results, it is assumed that the addition of red clay for fattening Korean native cattle has no effects on growth performance but 1% treatment has good results on improving meat quality and economical benefits. It also suggests that the combination high quality roughage and concentrated red clay is beneficial for producing high quality meat in with economical benefits.

홀스타인 수소에 있어서 Chromium Picolinate 의 첨가가 성장성적, 혈액성상 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향

홍중산,김명국,김윤학,한승은,이홍구,이현준,최윤재 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.4

본 시험은 성장단계별로 서로 다른 수준의 CrP를 첨가하여 성장성적, 혈액성상 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 시험 Ⅰ에서 일당증체, 일당건물섭취량 및 사료효율에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 혈액성상에서 혈장 Glucose와 PUN의 농도에는 영향이 없었지만 혈중 인슐린의 농도는 0.05% CrP첨가구가 대조구의 2배되는 1.47ng/㎖ 인데 반하여 혈중 NEFA의 농도는 59.00 mEq/㎗ 로 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 이는 인슐린이 농도의 증가 및 인슐린의 활성의 증가로 인하여 지방합성대사가 활발히 진행된 결과로 사료된다. 이러한 결과를 도체분석결과가 뒷받침 해주고 있는데 비록 통계적인 유의차는 없지만 0.05% CrP 첨가구에서는 첫 60일간, 0.025% CrP 첨가구에서는 첫 120일간 대조구보다 우수한 성적을 나타냈다. 혈장 Glucose와 PUN의 농도에는 영향이 없었다. 통계적인 유의차는 없었지만 혈 중 인슐린의 농도는 0.025% CrP 첨가구는 대조구보다 8.88% 높은 1.35ng/㎖로 나타났고 0.05% CrP 첨가구는 오히려 1.13ng/㎖로 대조구보다 낮게 나타났다. NEFA의 농도는 시험 Ⅰ에서와 같은 차이는 없었지만 CrP 첨가수준이 증가할수록 감소하는 추세를 나타냈고 등지방두께는 일정한 변화추세를 보이지 않았다. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate(CrP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and plasma components in Holstein bulls. In trial Ⅰ, eight finishing Holstein bulls(300±6.99㎏) were allocated to 2 treatments(control and 0.05% CrP) with 4 replication for 10-months. In results, growth performance was not affected by CrP addition. The plasma insulin concentration in 0.05% CrP group was about 2 times higher than the control group of Holstein bulls. The levels of plasma NEFA were significantly decreased to 59.00 mEq/㎗ with 0.05% CrP treatment(P<0.05), but the levels of plasma glucose and PUN were not altered by 0.05% CrP treatment. The grade of carcass was not different between control and 0.05% CrP group, but back fat thickness in 0.05%, CrP group was increased in 22.33% compared with control group. In trial 2, fifteen growing-finishing Holstein bulls(160±4.63㎏) were allocated to 3 treatments(control, 0.025% CrP and 0.05% CrP) with 5 replication for 14-months. During the overall experimental period, growth performance was not affected by CrP levels. The levels of hormone and metabolites were not affected by CrP supplementation. The carcass characteristics were not different between control and treatment. These results show that the CrP may have no effects for beef cattle production because of degradation of CrP conjugation in the rumen. However treatment of short term provide a possibility the effects of development for lipogenesis.

사료첨가제로서 황토와 올리고당이 홀스타인 어린송아지의 성장 및 항병력에 미치는 영향

김준식,최윤재,이보균,김명국,홍중산,김윤학,이홍구 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.4

This experiment was conducted to study effects of loess and a form of oligosaccharide (glucosamine-D) as feed additives for 4 days to 2 month-old Holstein calves on the disease resistance and the growth rate. The total weight gains(WG) of test group given 0.04% glucosamine-D and 3% loess as additives were 43.6㎏ and 37.2㎏, respectively, which were 10.1㎏ and 3.6㎏ higher weight gains compared to control group(33.5㎏). The potential influence of loess and glucosamine-D treatment on the distribution of various leukocyte cell types in the serum of test group was tested using flow cytometic method. CD4 antigen positive cells(i.e., T helper cell) were highest in test group feeding 0.04% glucosamine-D, white class II MHC-positive cell type(antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells) was lowest in 6% loess-feeding group. These results suggest that 3% loess and glucosamin-D were more effective as feed additives for 4 days to 2 month-old Holstein calves to increase the disease resistance and the growth rate than those of any other treatments.

Effect of carbon nanotube coating of aligned nanofibrous polymer scaffolds on the neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells

Jin, G.-Z.,Kim, M.,Shin, U.S.,Kim, H.-W. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2011 Cell biology international Vol.35 No.7

Effect of Stepped Pattern of Feed Intake Using Rice Straw as Roughage Source on Regulation of Growth, Reproduction and Lactation in Dairy Heifers

Jin, M.G.,Lee, H.G.,Lee, H.J.,Hong, Z.S.,Wang, J.H.,Yin, Y.H.,Jin, R.H.,Cho, K.K.,Choi, Y.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.6

An attempt was made to improve the efficiency of growth and lactation performance of dairy heifers subjected to a stair-step growth scheme using rice straw as the sole roughage source. Twenty-four young Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either control or test group. The control diet met the National Research Council (NRC) requirement, with heifers calving at 24 to 26 mo of age. The test group was individually fed according to a schedule of 3, 2, 4, 2, 5 and 2 mo in which feed intake was alternately 20% below or 25% above the NRC requirements. Heifers on the stair-step growth pattern gained more body weight and consumed less dry matter (10.80 and 11.22%, respectively), resulting an increasing growth efficiency compared with the control. Body condition, first estrus, first conception, services per conception and calving difficulty (data not shown) were not affected. Milk yield of the test group was 8.5% higher than that of the control group. During the early lactation period, the milk yield was significantly higher in the stair-step group than in that of the control group (p<0.05). Milk composition was not affected by compensatory growth induced by the stair-step scheme. Also, weight at calving and calf growth performance was not affected by stair-step growth. The results indicate that using rice straw as a sole roughage source in a stair-step compensatory growth scheme can contribute to the improvement of growth efficiency and early lactation performance.

Generation of Neuronal-Like Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells of a RFP-Transgenic Cloned Cat

G.Z. Jin,Y.S. Lee,S.J. Cho,E.G. Choi,W.J. Jeong,C.S. Park,I.K. Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2007 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.1

Monitoring of PCBs at facilities related with PCB-containing products and wastes in South Korea

Jin, G.Z.,Fang, M.L.,Kang, J.H.,Park, H.,Lee, S.H.,Chang, Y.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2011 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.196 No.-

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contents were analyzed in samples collected from facilities related to PCB-containing products or wastes in South Korea. Average concentrations of the atmospheric Σ<SUB>209</SUB> PCBs were 7420 (37.0-104,048)pgm<SUP>-3</SUP> and 16.8 (ND-34.2)fgWHO-TEQm<SUP>-3</SUP> in indoor air samples; and 1670 (106-13,382)pgm<SUP>-3</SUP> and 5.64 (ND-36.0)fgWHO-TEQm<SUP>-3</SUP> in outdoor air samples. The highest levels were observed in indoor air samples from disposal facilities (7336-104,048pgm<SUP>-3</SUP>), followed by production (330-25,057pgm<SUP>-3</SUP>), recycling, and storage facilities, indicating that PCB emissions from PCB-containing products and wastes remains very high and the facilities related with those may be an important source to atmospheric PCBs. Principal component analysis of PCB profiles showed that the homologue patterns of PCBs in outdoor and indoor air samples collected from the facilities were similar to those of boundary air samples and PCB commercial products, e.g. Aroclor 1016, 1221, 1232 and 1242. Evaluation of the PCB mass balance in a facility, dismantling and solvent-washing PCB-contaminated transformers, showed that of the total PCBs treated in this facility, approximately 0.0022% was emitted to the atmosphere, and most was transferred to waste oil for disposal by incineration or chemical methods.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Rumen Fluid and Milk Fat, and Methane Emission of Lactating Goats Fed a Soybean Oil-based Diet Supplemented with Sodium Bicarbonate and Monensin

Li, X.Z.,Yan, C.G.,Long, R.J.,Jin, G.L.,Shine Khuu, J.,Ji, B.J.,Choi, S.H.,Lee, H.G.,Song, Man K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.11

A metabolic study was conducted with four ruminally-cannulated lactating goats (Saanen, 29 weeks lactation, 65${\pm}$5 kg) in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design with 4 dietary treatments. The goats were fed a basal mixed diet consisting of 80% concentrate and 20% chopped rye grass hay (DM basis, CON). The goats were also fed the CON diet supplemented with soybean oil at a 5% level of the concentrate (SO), the SO diet supplemented with 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate (SO-B) or the SO-B diet supplemented with 30 ppm monensin (SO-BM). The goats were housed in individual pen and the study was conducted for 8 weeks. An increased molar proportion of propionate (C3) was observed at 1 h (p<0.003) and 6 h (p<0.029) post-feeding from all the supplemented diets. Calculated methane emission was markedly decreased prior to morning feeding (p<0.01), and at 1 h (p<0.05) and 6 h post-feeding (p<0.05) in goats fed the supplemented diets. All the supplements increased (p<0.0001) cis9, trans11-CLA content in rumen fluid. Concentrations of both cis9, trans11-CLA (p<0.0001) and trans10, cis12-CLA (p<0.026) were also increased in the milk fat of lactating goats fed the supplemented diets. The SO-B and SO-BM diets further increased CLA content in goat milk compared to the SO diet. All supplements increased unsaturated (UFA, p<0.002), monounsaturated (MUFA, p<0.002) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.014) and reduced SFA to UFA ratio (p<0.023). The concentration of MUFA was even greater (p<0.002) for SO-BM than for the SO-B diet. In conclusion, feeding soybean oil (5% of concentrate) to lactating goats was a useful way to improve milk fat and to improve fatty acid profile in the milk by increasing potentially healthy fatty acids such as CLA. Supplementation of sodium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate with monensin to the soybean oil-based diet increased CLA content further in goat milk. Supplementation of soybean oil may be an effective method to reduce methane emission in lactating goats.

Upgraded high time-resolved x-ray imaging crystal spectroscopy system for J-TEXT ohmic plasmas (4 pages)

Jin, W.,Chen, Z.Y.,Huang, D.W.,Li, Q.L.,Yan, W.,Luo, Y.H.,Lee, S.G.,Shi, Y.J.,Huang, Y.H.,Tong, R.H. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 2014 Review of scientific instruments Vol.85 No.2