Myeloperoxidase Is Associated with Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Overweight Subjects with First-Degree Relatives with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Anel Gómez García,Mireya Rivera Rodríguez,Carlos Gómez Alonso,Daysi Yazmin Rodríguez Ochoa,Cleto Alvarez Aguilar 대한당뇨병학회 2015 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.39 No.1

Background: Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of risk factors for that in future a subject can develop diabetes. Insulin resistance (IR) is important in the pathogenesis of T2DM. There is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and/or progression of diabetes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) participates in developing of inflammation. The objective was to investigate if MPO is associated with IR and inflammation in individuals with first-degree relatives of T2DM. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 84 overweight individuals with family history of T2DM divided in two groups according to IR, group with IR (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] ≥2.5; n=43) and control group (CG; HOMA <2.5; n=41). Complete clinical history and a venous blood sample were collected for measuring glucose and lipids profile, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MPO, glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Results: MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 were higher in patients with IR than in CG (MPO: 308.35 [190.85 to 445.42] vs. 177.35 [104.50 to 279.85], P=0.0001; TNF-α: 13.46 [10.58 to 18.88] vs. 9.39 [7.53 to 11.25], P=0.0001; IL-6: 32.93 [24.93 to 38.27] vs. 15.60 [12.93 to 26.27]; P=0.0001, respectively). MPO was associated with IR (rho de Spearman=0.362, P=0.001). In the analysis of lineal regression, MPO predicts IR (β, 0.263; t, 2.520; P=0.014). In the univariate analysis, MPO had an odds ratio of 9.880 for risk of IR (95% confidence interval, 2.647 to 36.879). Conclusion: MPO had relation with IR and inflammation parameters in overweight subjects with first-degree relatives of T2DM. We need studies on a casual relationship and molecular mechanisms among the increased serum MPO levels, inflammation markers, and IR.

Production of a Monoclonal Antibody by Ascites, Hollow Fiber System, and Transgenic Plants for Vaccine Production Using CB.Hep-1 mAb as a Study Case

Rodolfo Valdés,Andrés Tamayo,Marcos González,Sigifredo Padilla,Déborah Geada,William Ferro,Lorely Milá,Leonardo Gómez,Rosario Alemán,Alberto Leyva,Cristina García,Otto Mendoza,Tatiana Alvarez,Lamay Do 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.1

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production methods (ascites, in vitro technologies, transgenic animals, and dicot or monocot transgenic plants; moss, algae) have been improved since they were first developed in 1975. In this study, we illustrate a summary of a study case in which mice, a hollow fiber system, and tobacco transgenic plants were assessed for the production of mAb for vaccine manufacturing and vaccine production. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production methods (ascites, in vitro technologies, transgenic animals, and dicot or monocot transgenic plants; moss, algae) have been improved since they were first developed in 1975. In this study, we illustrate a summary of a study case in which mice, a hollow fiber system, and tobacco transgenic plants were assessed for the production of mAb for vaccine manufacturing and vaccine production.

Suppression of cooling by strong magnetic fields in white dwarf stars

Valyavin, G.,Shulyak, D.,Wade, G. A.,Antonyuk, K.,Zharikov, S. V.,Galazutdinov, G. A.,Plachinda, S.,Bagnulo, S.,Machado, L. Fox,Alvarez, M.,Clark, D. M.,Lopez, J. M.,Hiriart, D.,Han, Inwoo,Jeon, Young Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature Vol.515 No.7525

Isolated cool white dwarf stars more often have strong magnetic fields than young, hotter white dwarfs, which has been a puzzle because magnetic fields are expected to decay with time but a cool surface suggests that the star is old. In addition, some white dwarfs with strong fields vary in brightness as they rotate, which has been variously attributed to surface brightness inhomogeneities similar to sunspots, chemical inhomogeneities and other magneto-optical effects. Here we describe optical observations of the brightness and magnetic field of the cool white dwarf WD 1953-011 taken over about eight years, and the results of an analysis of its surface temperature and magnetic field distribution. We find that the magnetic field suppresses atmospheric convection, leading to dark spots in the most magnetized areas. We also find that strong fields are sufficient to suppress convection over the entire surface in cool magnetic white dwarfs, which inhibits their cooling evolution relative to weakly magnetic and non-magnetic white dwarfs, making them appear younger than they truly are. This explains the long-standing mystery of why magnetic fields are more common amongst cool white dwarfs, and implies that the currently accepted ages of strongly magnetic white dwarfs are systematically too young.

A STUDY OF THE PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY OF THE PECULIAR MAGNETIC WHITE DWARF WD 1953-011

Valyavin, G.,Antonyuk, K.,Plachinda, S.,Clark, D. M.,Wade, G. A.,Machado, Lester Fox,Alvarez, M.,Lopez, J. M.,Hiriart, D.,Han, Inwoo,Jeon, Young-Beom,Bagnulo, S.,Zharikov, S. V.,Zurita, C.,Mujica, R. IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.734 No.1

<P>We present and interpret simultaneous new photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar magnetic white dwarf WD 1953-011. The flux in the V-band filter and intensity of the Balmer spectral lines demonstrate variability with the rotation period of about 1.45 days. According to previous studies, this variability can be explained by the presence of a dark spot having a magnetic nature, analogous to a sunspot. Motivated by this idea, we examine possible physical relationships between the suggested dark spot and the strong-field magnetic structure (magnetic 'spot' or 'tube') recently identified on the surface of this star. Comparing the rotationally modulated flux with the variable spectral observables related to the magnetic 'spot,' we establish their correlation and therefore their physical relationship. Modeling the variable photometric flux assuming that it is associated with temperature variations in the stellar photosphere, we argue that the strong-field area and dark, low-temperature spot are comparable in size and located at the same latitudes, essentially overlapping each other with a possible slight longitudinal shift. In this paper, we also present a new, improved value of the star's rotational period and constrain the characteristics of the thermal inhomogeneity over the degenerate's surface.</P>

Fe/olivine as primary catalyst in the biomass steam gasification in a fountain confined spouted bed reactor

M. Cortazar,L. Santamaria,G. Lopez,J. Alvarez,M. Amutio,J. Bilbao,M. Olazar 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.99 No.-

The performance of Fe/olivine catalysts was tested in the continuous steam gasification of sawdust in abench scale plant provided with a fountain confined conical spouted bed reactor at 850 C. Olivine wasused as catalyst support and loaded with 5 wt%Fe. The activity and stability of the catalyst was monitoredby nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-rayfluorescence spectroscopy, temperature programmedreduction, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, which were conductedbefore and after the runs. The fountain confined conical spouted bed performs well in the biomass steamgasification with primary catalysts. In fact, this reactor allows enhancing the gas-solid contact, andtherefore the catalytic activity by avoiding the elutriation offine catalyst particles. The uncatalysedefficiency of the gasification process, assessed based on the gas production and composition, H2production, tar concentration and composition, and carbon conversion efficiency, was considerabyimproved on the Fe/olivine catalyst, with tar reduction being especially remarkable (to 10.4 g Nm 3). After 140 min on stream, catalyst deactivation was particularly evident, as tar concentration increased to19.9 g Nm 3 (90% of that without catalyst). However, Fe/olivine catalyst was still active for WGS and CH4steam reforming reactions, with gas and H2 productions being 1.35 Nm3 kg 1 and 5.44 wt%, respectively. Metal iron oxidation to Fe3O4 caused catalyst deactivation, as the reaction environment shifted fromoxidizing to reducing conditions due to operational limitations.

The Effect of Ginseng on Muscle Injury and Inflammation

Alvarez, A.I.,De Oliveira, A.C. Cabral,Perez, A.C.,Vila, L.,Ferrando, A.,Prieto, J.G. The Korean Society of Ginseng 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.1

The effect of Panax ginseng administration in muscle inflammatory process induced after eccentric exercise, that causes myofibrillar disruption, was studied. Changes in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, glycogen levels in muscle and release of myocellular proteins to blood were measured. The analyses were performed immediately after eccentric exercise and over week since this period are necessary for the muscle damage-repair cycle. The ginseng extract (100 mg kg$^{-1}$ ) was orally administered to rats for three months, before the eccentric exercise performance. The results showed the protective role of ginseng against skeletal muscle damage. This effect could be associated with their membrane stabilising capacity since creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly decreased 96 h post-exercise from 523$\pm$70 to 381$\pm$53 and 120 h post-exercise from 443$\pm$85 to 327$\pm$75 in treated animals. $\beta$-glucuronidase activity, as indicator of inflammation, showed a significant reduction of about 15-25% in soleus, vastus and triceps in these post-exercise times. The lipid peroxidation, measured by malondyaldehyde levels, was significantly decreased in the 24 h post-exercise period in soleus and vastus intermedius muscles and on the recovery period. Finally ginseng administration reduced significantly the decrease of the glycogen levels immediately after exercise and when the regenerative process took place (72-168 h post exercise). Collectively, the results have showed that ginseng did not inhibit the vital inflammatory response process associated with the muscle damage-repair cycle but presumably ameliorate the injury.

Association between angiotensin-1 converting enzyme genepolymorphism and the metabolic syndrome in a Mexicanpopulation

Cleto Alvarez-Aguilar,Maria Lucia Enrí,quez-Ramí,rez,Benigno Figueroa-Nuñ,ez,Anel Gó,mez-Garcí,a,Ernesto Rodrí,guez-Ayala,Cristina Morá,n-Moguel,Victor Manuel 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.3

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is recognized as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. All components of MS have a genetic base. Genes of the renin angiotensin system are potential candidate genes for MS. We investigated whether angiotensin converting en-zyme (ACE) gene polymorphism increases suscep-tibility to MS as an entity in a Mexican population. In a cross-sectional study, 514 individuals were studied including 245 patients with MS and 269 subjects without MS criteria. ACE gene polymorphism was detected using PCR. MS was defined according to The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, except that the raised fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dl criterion for identification of intolerance fasting glucose was modified in accordance with the suggestion of the American Diabetes Association. Patients with MS were sig - nificantly different from subjects without MS in relation to mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol (C), triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C (P<0.0001). The differences in the mean BMI, WC, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C were maintained in patients with the MS and DD genotypes (P<0.01). The DD genotype was strongly asso - ciated with MS (adjusted OR = 5.48, 95% CI 3.20-9.38, P<0.0001). We concluded that the DD genotype increases susceptibility to MS in a Mexican pop - ulation. These results indicate that pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and a reduction in body fat will have important therapeutic im - plications in this disease.

The Effect of Ginseng on Muscle Injury and Inflammation

A.I. Alvarez,A.C. Cabral de Oliveira,A.C. Perez,L.Vila,A. Ferrando,J.G. Prieto 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.1

The effect of Panax ginseng administration in muscle inflammatory process induced after eccentric exercise, that causes myotibrillar disruption, was studied. Changes in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, glycogen levels in muscle and release of myocellular proteins to blood were measured. The analyses were performed immediately after eccentric exercise and over week since this period are necessary for the muscle damage-repair cycle. The ginseng extract (100 mg·kg^(-1)) was orally administered to rats for three months, before the eccentric exercise performance. The results showed the protective role of ginseng against skeletal muscle damage. This effect could be associated with their membrane stabilising capacity since creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly decreased 96 h post-exercise from 523±70 to 381±53 and 120 h post-exercise from 443±85 to 327±75 in treated animals. β-glucuronidase activity, as indicator of inflammation, showed a significant reduction of about 15-25% in soleus, vastus and triceps in these post-exercise times. The lipid peroxidation, measured by malondyaldehyde levels, was significantly decreased in the 24 h post-exercise period in soleus and vastus intermedius muscles and on the recovery period. Finally ginseng administration reduced significantly the decrease of the glycogen levels immediately after exercise and when the regenerative process took place (72-168 h post exercise). Collectively, the results have showed that ginseng did not inhibit the vital inflammatory response process associated with the muscle damage-repair cycle but presumably ameliorate the injury.

Multilayer thin film coatings capable of extended programmable drug release: application to human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

Hong, Jinkee,Alvarez, Luis M,Shah, Nisarg J,Griffith, Linda G,Kim, Byeong-Su,Char, Kookheon,Hammond, Paula T Springer US 2012 Drug delivery and translational research Vol.2 No.5

<P>The promise of cellular therapy lies in healing damaged tissues and organs in vivo as well as generating tissue constructs in vitro for subsequent transplantation. Adult stem cells are ideally suited for cellular therapies due to their pulripotency and the ease with which they can be cultured on novel functionalized substrates. Creating environments to control and successively driving their differentiation toward a lineage of choice is one of the most important challenges of current cell-based engineering strategies. In recent years, a variety of biomedical platforms have been prepared for stem cell cultures, primarily to provide efficient delivery of growth or survival factors to cells and a conducive microenvironment for their growth. Here, we demonstrate that repeating tetralayer structures composed of biocompatible poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)/poly(acryl amide) (PAAm)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)/poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) micelles arrayed in layer-by-layer (LbL) films can serve as a payload region for dexamethasone (dex) delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This architecture can induce MSC differentiation into osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. The amount of dex loaded in the films is controlled by varying the deposition conditions and the film thickness. Furthermore, release of dex is also controlled by changing the amount of covalent crosslinking of multilayers via thermal treatments. The multilayer architecture including payload and cell-adhesion region introduced here are well suited for extended cell culture thus affording the important and protective effect of both dex release and immobilization. These films may find applications in the local delivery of immobilized therapeutics for biomedical applications, as they can be deposited on a wide range of substrates with different shapes, sizes, and composition.</P>

Study of Photon Strength Function of Actinides: the Case of ^(235)U, ^(238)Np and ^(241)Pu

C. Guerrero,F. Alvarez-Velarde,D. Cano-Ott,T. Martinez,E. Mendoza,D. Villamarin,N. Colonna,M. H. Meaze,S. Marrone,G. Tagliente,R. Terlizzi,F. Belloni,U. Abbondanno,K. Fujii,P. M. Milazzo,C. Moreau,G. 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23

The decay from excited levels in medium and heavy nuclei can be described in a statisticalapproach by means of Photon Strength Functions and Level Density distributions. The study of electromagnetic cascades following neutron capture based on the use of high eciency detectors has been shown to be well suited for probing the properties of the Photon Strength Function of heavy (high level density) and/or radioactive (high background) nuclei. In this work we have investigated for the first time the validity of the recommended PSF of actinides, in particular ^(235)U, ^(238)Np and ^(241)Pu. Our study includes the search for resonance structures in the PSF below S_n and draws conclusions regarding their existence and their characteristics in terms of energy, width and electromagnetic nature.