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A Study on the Minimum Paste Volume in the Design of Concrete Mixture
Fowler, David W.,Hahn, Michael De Moya,Rached, Marc,Choi, Doo-Sun,Choi, Jae-Jin Korea Concrete Institute 2008 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.2 No.2
Optimization of concrete mixing system is very important for the production of quality mixture of concrete and requires very complicated, specialized knowledge as there are a variety of variables that influence the result. One of the methods of optimizing the concrete mixing system is to minimize the volume of cement paste which, in turn, means maximizing the volume of aggregate. The purpose of this study is to determine the minimum volume of cement paste used in the design of concrete mixture and to design the optimum concrete mixing system based on the fluidity of mortar and concrete. In determining the minimum volume of cement paste, experiments of mortar and concrete were performed based on their workability, material segregation and bleeding. Type of aggregate, granularity distribution and sand percentage were used as test parameters and measurements were taken of the distribution of granularity, usage of HRWRA, minimum volume of paste and drying shrinkage and compressive strength of concrete.
Setting Foot on the Mountain : Mt. Muro as a Women's Alternative to Mt. Koya
Fowler, Sherry Ewha Womans University Press 1997 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.3 No.4
Deep in the countryside, Muroji is a Japanese temple famous for its National Treasures as well as the natural beauty of its setting on Mt. Muroji is also known by the name of Nyonin Koya (Mt. Koya for Women). This article addresses the history of this title by exploring the historical relationship of women to the Buddhist establishment of Muroji. Mt. Koya, one of the headquarters of the Shingon school of Buddhism, forbade women from entering its monasteries until early in this century, while Muroji was open to women. By considering the practices of nyonin kinsei (restriction against women) in Japan in contrast to alternatives such as Muroji, we can gain a better comprehension of the significance of the roles women played in Buddhism, a patriarchal religion which denied women access to many of its sacred sites.
Amino Acid Sequence of a Probable Amylase/Protease Inhibitor from Rice Seeds
Fowler, Audree,서세원,정진하,유연규 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4
The primary structure of a 9-kDalton basic protein from rice seeds was determined by gas-phase sequencing of the intact protein and peptides derived from it by digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and endopeptidase Lys-K. The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 91 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 8909 Da. It is rich in alanine, serine, glycine, and cysteine. The eight cysteines form four disulfide bonds. There is no methionine, histidine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan. The sequence is highly homologous with an α-amylase inhibitor, I-2, from seeds of Indian finger millet and a 10-kDa barley seed protein, also called a probable amylase/protease inhibitor. In analogy with the barley protein, the purified protein is tentatively called a rice probable amylase/protease inhibitor (PAPI). The rice PAPI does not show inhibitory activities against proteases and amylases tested. However, it shows a thioredoxin-like activity comparable to those of purothionins and hordothionins.
Applications of symmetry in point–line–plane frameworks for CAD
Patrick W. Fowler,Simon D. Guest,John C. Owen 한국CDE학회 2021 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.8 No.2
Computer-aided design (CAD) typically deals with geometries (points, lines, and planes) subject to constraints on distances and angles. Simple counting of freedoms and constraints, as used in the analysis of engineering structures, also provides a useful condition on the residual freedoms of a CAD drawing. Here, we derive general symmetry-extended counting equations to account more fully for the balance of freedoms and constraints in 2D point–line and 3D point–line–plane frameworks. General forms are given for symmetries of the freedoms of points, lines, and planes, and constraints based on distances and angles. The resulting toolkit can be used to give stronger conditions on dimensioning of CAD drawings. This importation to CAD of a physical point of view, in which residual freedoms correspond to the mechanisms and redundant constraints to the states of self-stress of a structure composed of bodies and joints, can often reveal hidden freedoms and redundancies in CAD systems. Point-group symmetry is not a panacea: Mechanisms that depend on specific geometries may escape detection by symmetry alone. One systematic limitation of this type is proved for polyhedra with planar faces and prescribed edge lengths.
Vulnerability or masculinity: Examining “Aesthetic Labor” from male fashion models’ perspective
Jie G. Fowler,Rongwei Chu,James W. Gentry,Himadri Roy Chaudhuri 한국마케팅과학회 2016 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.7 No.4
‘Masculinity’ is changing globally. We investigate the adjustments made by Chinese male models as they work in a domain that had previously belonged primarily to women. Using a liminal lens to view the models’ adjustments, the study discovered that they perceive themselves to be subordinated to other participants in the advertising industry: designers, makeup artists, directors, clients, and even female models. While the changing nature of ‘masculinity’ globally has created many more opportunities for male models, we found that the norms of the advertising industry require a major re-invention of the models’ self-perceptions of masculinity.