Spiritual Care in Hospice and Palliative Care

Ferrell, Betty R. Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care 2017 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.20 No.4

영적간호는 호스피스 완화의료의 중심에 있다. 심각하고 생명을 위협하는 질병에 직면한 환자는 신앙, 희망 및 실존적 관심과 관련하여 중요한 요구를 가지고 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 영성, 영적 평가 및 영적간호 중재의 정의를 포함하여 이러한 간호의 핵심 측면들을 검토하는 것이다. 호스피스 완화의료에서 영적간호와 관련된 내용을 파악하기 위해 현재의 문헌 자료들을 조사했다. 점점 더 많은 증거들이 양질의 완화의료의 핵심 영역으로서 영적간호의 중요성을 뒷받침하고 있다. 문헌은 포괄적인 환자 및 가족 평가의 핵심 측면으로서 영적 평가의 중요성을 뒷받침한다. 영성은 다른 실존적 문제들뿐만 아니라 종교적인 관심도 포함한다. 향후 연구 및 임상시험은 영적간호를 제공하기 위한 최선의 지원 모델을 검증해야 한다. Spiritual care is at the center of hospice and palliative care. Patients facing serious and life-threatening illness have important needs in regard to faith, hope, and existential concerns. The purpose of this article is to review the key aspects of this care, including the definitions of spirituality, spiritual assessment, and spiritual care interventions. A review of the current literature was conducted to identify content related to spiritual care in hospice and palliative care. A growing body of evidence supports the importance of spiritual care as a key domain of quality palliative care. The literature supports the importance of spiritual assessment as a key aspect of comprehensive patient and family assessment. Spirituality encompasses religious concerns as well as other existential issues. Future research and clinical practice should test models of best support to provide spiritual care.

Understanding Bile Acid Signaling in Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets

Jessica M. Ferrell,John Y. L. Chiang 대한당뇨병학회 2019 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.43 No.3

Diabetes and obesity have reached an epidemic status worldwide. Diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Primary bile acids are synthesized in hepatocytes and are transformed to secondary bile acids in the intestine by gut bacteria. Bile acids are nutrient sensors and metabolic integrators that regulate lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis by activating nuclear farnesoid X receptor and membrane Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. Bile acids control gut bacteria overgrowth, species population, and protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Gut bacteria, in turn, control circulating bile acid composition and pool size. Dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis and dysbiosis causes diabetes and obesity. Targeting bile acid signaling and the gut microbiome have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Applying the Hunt Vitell ethics model to artificial intelligence ethics

O.C. Ferrell,Linda Ferrell 한국마케팅과학회 2021 마케팅과학연구 Vol.31 No.2

The Hunt-Vitell (H-V) model of marketing ethics has been validated over the last 30 years. The model explains how people make ethical decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI), involving machine learning, is replacing humans and making decisions based on algorithms or rules developed by programmers. The challenge is how to program the ethical component of AI decisions normally provided by humans. H-V is a descriptive model that can be applied to making AI ethical decisions. A blueprint and revised H-V model is developed as a guide to implementing AI ethics.

Spiritual Care in Hospice and Palliative Care

Betty R. Ferrell 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2017 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Spiritual care is at the center of hospice and palliative care. Patients facing serious and life-threatening illness have important needs in regard to faith, hope, and existential concerns. The purpose of this article is to review the key aspects of this care, including the definitions of spirituality, spiritual assessment, and spiritual care interventions. A review of the current literature was conducted to identify content related to spiritual care in hospice and palliative care. A growing body of evidence supports the importance of spiritual care as a key domain of quality palliative care. The literature supports the importance of spiritual assessment as a key aspect of comprehensive patient and family assessment. Spirituality encompasses religious concerns as well as other existential issues. Future research and clinical practice should test models of best support to provide spiritual care.

Inhibition of Progesterone-induced Xenopus Oocyte Maturation by Nm23

Kim, Sun Young,Ferrell, James E.,Chae, Suhn-Kee,Lee, Kong-Joo 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2000 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.9

The Nm23 protein has been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes, including suppression of metastasis, phytochrome responses in plants, and regulation of differentiation. Here we examine whether Nm23 is involved in Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation. We found that Nm23 is present in oocytes, indicating that it has the potential to be a regulator of maturation. Furthermore, modest overexpression of Nm23 inhibited progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. This maturation-inhibitory activity was shared by both the acidic Nm23-H1 isoform and the basic Nm23-H2 isoform and by Nm23 mutants that lack nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity (Nm23-H1 H118F and Nm23-H2 H118F). Expression of Nm23 proteins delayed the accumulation of Mos and the activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) in progesterone-treated oocytes but had no discernible effect on Mos-induced p42 MARK activation. Therefore, Nm23 appears to act upstream of the Mos/mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/p42 MARK cascade. These findings suggest a novel biological role for Nm23.

Thresholds and ultrasensitivity from negative cooperativity

Ha, S. H.,Ferrell Jr., J. E. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science Vol.352 No.6288

<P><B>The secrets of making signaling responsive</B></P><P>Many receptor proteins that respond to biological signals form multimeric complexes, which gives them more sophisticated regulatory properties than those of simple one-to-one binding reactions. Ha <I>et al.</I> describe how the binding of multiple ligands to receptor complexes can generate threshold effects and switch-like ultrasensitivity. If binding of the first ligand makes binding of a second less likely (a property known as negative cooperativity), and binding can also deplete the total amount of ligand present, the way the system responds to various doses of the ligand can change dramatically from a very gradual one to a switch-like behavior. The authors provide theory and experiments that explain how such systems function and may be suited to biological regulation.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 990</P><P>Negative cooperativity is a phenomenon in which the binding of one or more molecules of a ligand to a multimeric receptor makes it more difficult for subsequent ligand molecules to bind. Negative cooperativity can make a multimeric receptor’s response more graded than it would otherwise be. However, through theory and experimental results, we show that if the ligand binds the receptor with high affinity and can be appreciably depleted by receptor binding, then negative cooperativity produces a qualitatively different type of response: a highly ultrasensitive response with a pronounced threshold. Because ultrasensitivity and thresholds are important for generating various complex systems-level behaviors, including bistability and oscillations, negative cooperativity may be an important ingredient in many types of biological responses.</P>

Winterization & Automation of Greenhouse Grwo Beds: Extending the growing season by stabilizing microclimates

Jong LINCK,Ok-Youn YU,Jeremy FERRELL,Marie HOPEFL 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

POSTERS / PW-037 : FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF NM23 DURING OOCYTE MATURATION

(Sun Young Kim),(James E . Ferrell),(Suhn Kee Chae),(Eun Hee Kim),(Kong Joo Lee) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1999 6th IUBMB SEOUL CONFERENCE Vol.- No.-

Validation of the Korean Version of the Quality of Life–Cancer Survivors (QOL-CS-K) Questionnaire in Lymphoma Survivors

조주희,강단비,김임령,김원석,Betty Ferrell,김석진 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.1

Purpose The objective of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Quality of Life–Cancer Survivors (QOL-CS-K) in a sample of lymphoma survivors. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of lymphoma survivors who had survived for at least 24 months since diagnosis. Participants were recruited at the outpatient clinics and at a hospital event in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. Survivors were asked to complete the QOLCS- K and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaires. To determine test-retest reliability, a second questionnaire was sent to participants who completed the first questionnaire adequately. Exploratory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlations were used for evaluating reliability and validity of the QOL-CS-K. Results Among 257 survivors, 245 (95.3%) completed all questionnaires and had no missing data. The mean age of study participants was 52.2 years, 54.9% were men, and the mean time since diagnosis was 4.0±1.6 years. The Cronbach’s # for the overall QOL-CS-K was 0.90, and the # coefficients for each subscale ranged from 0.73 to 0.83. The test and retest reliability was 0.88. Moderate correlations were found between comparable subscales of the QOL-CS-K and subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (r=0.51-0.55) except for the spiritual well-being subscale of the QOL-CS-K, which did not correlate with any of the EORTC QLQC30 subscales (–0.08 to 0.16). Conclusion The QOL-CS-K is a reliable and valid scale for measuring the QOL in long-term lymphoma survivors.

Robust, Tunable Biological Oscillations from Interlinked Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Tsai, T. Y.-C.,Choi, Y. S.,Ma, W.,Pomerening, J. R.,Tang, C.,Ferrell, J. E. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2008 Science Vol.321 No.5885

<P>A simple negative feedback loop of interacting genes or proteins has the potential to generate sustained oscillations. However, many biological oscillators also have a positive feedback loop, raising the question of what advantages the extra loop imparts. Through computational studies, we show that it is generally difficult to adjust a negative feedback oscillator's frequency without compromising its amplitude, whereas with positive-plus-negative feedback, one can achieve a widely tunable frequency and near-constant amplitude. This tunability makes the latter design suitable for biological rhythms like heartbeats and cell cycles that need to provide a constant output over a range of frequencies. Positive-plus-negative oscillators also appear to be more robust and easier to evolve, rationalizing why they are found in contexts where an adjustable frequency is unimportant.</P>