Electromyographic Discrepancy in Paravertebral Muscle Activity Predicts Early Curve Progression of Untreated Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Fan Yunli,To Michael Kai-Tsun,Yeung Eric Hiu Kwong,Kuang Guan-Ming,Liang Ruixin,Cheung Jason Pui Yin 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.5

Study Design: This study adopted a prospective cohort study design.Purpose: This study aimed to examine electromyogram (EMG) discrepancy in paravertebral muscle activity and scoliosis progression, determine how vertebral morphology and EMG discrepancy evolve during scoliosis progression, and identify differences in EMG activity between individuals with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Overview of Literature: Higher EMG activity is observed in the convex side of scoliotic curves, but not in populations without scoliosis, suggesting that higher EMG activity is a causative factor for curve progression.Methods: In this study, 267 matched pairs of AIS and controls were recruited. The participants underwent EMG measurements at their first presentation and did not receive any treatment for 6 months at which point they underwent EMG and radiographs. Early curve progression was defined as >5° in Cobb angle at 6 months. The root mean square of the EMG (rms-EMG) signal was recorded with the participants in sitting and back extension. The rms-EMG ratio at the upper end vertebrae, apical vertebrae (AV), and lower end vertebrae (LEV) of the major curve was calculated.Results: The rms-EMG ratio in the scoliosis cohort was high compared with that in the controls (sitting: 1.2±0.3 vs. 1.0±0.1, <i>p</i><0.01; back extension: 1.1±0.2 vs. 1.0±0.1, <i>p</i><0.01). An AV rms-EMG ratio in back extension, with a cutoff threshold of ≥1.5 in the major thoracic curve and ≥1.3 in the major lumbar curve, was a risk factor for early curve progression after 6 months without treatment (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.8–5.9; <i>p</i><0.01). Increases in side deviation (SD) (distance between the AV and the central sacral line) were related to a higher rms-EMG ratio in LEV of the major thoracic curve (baseline: <i>r_s</i>=0.2, <i>p</i>=0.03; 6 months: <i>r_s</i>=0.3, <i>p</i><0.01).Conclusions: An EMG discrepancy was detected in the scoliosis cohort, which was related to increases in SD in the major thoracic curve. The AV rms-EMG ratio in back extension was correlated with curve progression after 6 months of no treatment.

Effect of Soyabean Isoflavones Exposure on Onset of Puberty, Serum Hormone Concentration and Gene Expression in Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland and Ovary of Female Bama Miniature Pigs

Fan, Juexin,Zhang, Bin,Li, Lili,Xiao, Chaowu,Oladele, Oso Abimbola,Jiang, Guoli,Ding, Hao,Wang, Shengping,Xing, Yueteng,Xiao, Dingfu,Yin, Yulong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.11

This study was to investigate the effect of soyabean isoflavones (SIF) on onset of puberty, serum hormone concentration, and gene expression in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of female Bama miniature pigs. Fifty five, 35-days old pigs were randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups consisting of 11 pigs per treatment. Results showed that dietary supplementation of varying dosage (0, 250, 500, and 1,250 mg/kg) of SIF induced puberty delay of the pigs with the age of puberty of pigs fed basal diet supplemented with 1,250 mg/kg SIF was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Supplementation of SIF or estradiol valerate (EV) reduced (p<0.05) serum gonadotrophin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone concentration, but increased follicle-stimulating hormone concentration in pigs at 4 months of age. The expression of KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (KISS1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5-delta-4 isomerase ($3{\beta}-HSD$) was reduced (p<0.01) in SIF-supplemented groups. Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the pituitary of miniature pigs was reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control when exposed to 250, 1,250 mg/kg SIF and EV. Pigs on 250 mg/kg SIF and EV also showed reduced (p<0.05) expression of cytochrome P450 19A1 compared to the control. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation of SIF induced puberty delay, which may be due to down-regulation of key genes that play vital roles in the synthesis of steroid hormones.

Study of hemoglobin-octadecylamine LB film formation and deposition by compressibility analyse, QCM and AFM

Fan Yin,Sang-Hyun Park,Hoon-Kyu Shin,Young-Soo Kwon 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.4

Hemoglobin (Hb)-octadecylamine (ODA) LangmuirBlodgett lm was formed by spreading Hb solution directly onto subphasecovered with a layer of ODA. The optimum equilibrium time of HSA interacted with ODA layer, the optimum amount of proteinspread on subphase.s interface and the optimum ionic strength and pH of subphase were obtained according to the experimentalresults. The compressibility of HbODA lm in compressing process indicated that at least two types of phase transition occurred.The complex LB lm is very stable and can be used to modify electrode surface. AFM images of complex monolayer deposited onAu (11) surface under dierent surface pressures indicated that rearrangement and reorientation of Hb molecules in ODA lm onAu (11) surface occurred during the phase transition process by compressing monolayer. The well ordered HbODA LB lm onsolid surface can be obtained by depositing it under surface pressure range of 3540 mN/m.

Overexpressing microRNA-203 alleviates myocardial infarction via interacting with long non-coding RNA MIAT and mitochondrial coupling factor 6

Fan Wang,Renliang Yu,Shengnan Wen,Jie Yin,Yugen Shi,Hesheng Hu,Suhua Yan 대한약학회 2021 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.44 No.5

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leadingcauses of high mortality worldwide. Long non-codingRNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT)and mitochondrial coupling factor 6 (CF6) aggravate MI. This study aimed to elucidate whether miR-203 interactedwith MIAT and CF6 in MI. Results revealed that MIAT andCF6 expressions were upregulated and that miR-203 wasdownregulated in mouse myocardial tissues after MI, as wellas in hypoxic mouse cardiomyocytes. The overexpressionof MIAT in mouse cardiomyocytes raised CF6 expression,whereas the knockdown of MIAT had the opposite eff ect. Mechanistically, the luciferase reporter and RNA pull-downassays corroborated the binding between miR-203 and CF63′UTR and between miR-203 and MIAT. The simultaneousoverexpression of miR-203 and MIAT restored the reductionof CF6 caused by miR-203 overexpression alone, andthe overexpression of miR-203 diminished the percentage ofinfarct area and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in vivo. Our fi ndings corroborate that overexpressing miR-203 alleviatesMI via interacting with MIAT and CF6.

A Novel All-trans Retinoid Acid Derivative N-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-Retinamide Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cell Migration through Down-regulating Expression of Myosin Light Chain Kinase

Fan, Ting-Ting,Cheng, Ying,Wang, Yin-Feng,Gui, Shu-Yu,Chen, Fei-Hu,Zhou, Qing,Wang, Yuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Aim: To observe the effects of a novel all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) derivative, N-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-retinamide (ATPR), on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and to explore the potential mechanism of ATPR inhibiting of A549 cell migration. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of ATRA and ATPR on A549 cells was assessed using MTT assay. Wound healing assays were used to analyze the influences of ATRA, ATPR, ML-7 (a highly selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)), PMA (an activator of MAPKs) and PD98059 (a selective inhibitor of ERK1/2) on the migration of A549 cells. Expression of MLCK and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) were assessed by Western blotting. Results: ATRA and ATPR inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the effect of ATPR was much more remarkable compared with ATRA. Relative migration rate and migration distance of A549 cells both decreased significantly after treatment with ATPR or ML-7. The effect on cell migration of PD98059 combining ATPR treatment was more notable than that of ATPR alone. Moreover, compared with control groups, the expression levels of MLCK and phosphorylated MLC in A549 cells were both clearly reduced in ATRA and ATPR groups. Conclusions: ATPR could suppress the migration and invasion of A549 cells, and the mechanism might be concerned with down-regulating the expression of MLCK in the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway, pointing to therapeutic prospects in lung cancer.

PKM2 Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Migration upon EGFR Activation

Fan, Fang-Tian,Shen, Cun-Si,Tao, Li,Tian, Chao,Liu, Zhao-Guo,Zhu, Zhi-Jie,Liu, Yu-Ping,Pei, Chang-Song,Wu, Hong-Yan,Zhang, Lei,Wang, Ai-Yun,Zheng, Shi-Zhong,Huang, Shi-Le,Lu, Yin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.

Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in Agriophyllum squarrosum, a folk medicinal herb native to Asian temperature deserts

Yin Xiaoyue,Yan-Xia Liu,Qian Chaoju,Zhou Shanshan,Fang Tingzhou,Fan Xingke,Gao yuan,Chang Yuxiao,Yang Jian,Ma Xiao-Fei 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.3

Agriophyllum squarrosum is a folk Mongolian medicine with pleiotropic pharmacological and ecological economic importance endemic to Asian temperature deserts. Terpenoids play critical roles in biotic and abiotic stresses due to their antioxidative activities. Based on non-targeted metabolomic analysis, we detected eight terpenoids enriched in the above-ground tissues of A. squarrosum, however, the molecular mechanism underlying terpenoids biosynthesis in this desert medicinal plant is rarely understood. Here, a comparative transcriptome analysis of diferent tissues in A. squarrosum was conducted to identify 84 unigenes encoding key enzymes in the upstream backbone biosynthesis and 53 unigenes encoding the downstream enzymes for terpenoid diversifcation. Most of the upstream genes exhibited signifcant high expression levels in leaf, and some of which were validated by qRT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two downstream gene families OSCs (oxidosqualene cyclases) and TPSs (mainly in terpene synthases -g subfamily) had undergone notable gene expansions in A. squarrosum comparing with the other Amaranthaceae plant species and Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, most members from these two gene families showed the tissue-specifc expression in A. squarrosum, which supported the diversifcation and tissue-specifc enrichment of terpenoids across above-ground tissues. Considering to the habitat characteristics of A. squarrosum, we proposed that the enrichment of terpenoids and the functional diversifcation of terpenoids biosynthesis enzymes were more or less involved into its adaptation to stressful environments of deserts. These results expand the available genetic information underlying terpenoid biosynthesis in A. squarrosum, and contribute to deeper researches on pharmaceutical and eco-agricultural applications in this desert medicinal plant.

Study of glucose oxidase-l-α-lecithin Langmuir film formation on air-water interface

Fan Yin,Kil-Yong Ryu,Hoon-Kyu Shin,Young-Soo Kwon 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.5

The present paper describes the formation of glucose oxidase (GOx)L-a-lecithin Langmuir lm on airwater interface by spreadingGOx solution directly onto subphase covered with layer of lecithin. The optimum experiment conditions were obtained according to them, which represented the movement of GOx molecules under the lecithin layer and the reorientation of GOx molecules in the lecithinlayer and/or expulsion of GOx molecules from the lecithin layer, respectively. The forces of GOx molecules that interacted with the lec-ithin layer were hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic force. An atomic force microscopy image of GOxlecithin lm deposited on Au(11) surface in optimal conditions gives evidence of well-ordered GOx molecules in the lecithin layer. As a target of this research, this work provides a new way to prepare biomimetic film and design glucose biosensors in future.

Study on Thermal Load Capacity of Transmission Line Based on IEEE Standard

Fan Song,Yanling Wang,Lei Zhao,Kun Qin,Likai Liang,Zhijun Yin,Weihua Tao 한국정보처리학회 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.3

With the sustained and rapid development of new energy sources, the demand for electric energy is increasingday by day. However, China’s energy distribution is not balanced, and the construction of transmission lines isin a serious lag behind the improvement of generating capacity. So there is an urgent need to increase theutilization of transmission capacity. The transmission capacity is mainly limited by the maximum allowableoperating temperature of conductor. At present, the evaluation of transmission capacity mostly adopts the staticthermal rating (STR) method under severe environment. Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) technique canimprove the utilization of transmission capacity to a certain extent. In this paper, the meteorological parametersaffecting the conductor temperature are analyzed with the IEEE standard thermal equivalent equation ofoverhead transmission lines, and the real load capacity of 220 kV transmission line is calculated with 7-yearactual meteorological data in Weihai. Finally, the thermal load capacity of DTR relative to STR under givenconfidence is analyzed. By identifying the key parameters that affect the thermal rating and analyzing therelevant environmental parameters that affect the conductor temperature, this paper provides a theoretical basisfor the wind power grid integration and grid intelligence. The results show that the thermal load potential oftransmission lines can be effectively excavated by DTR, which provides a theoretical basis for improving theabsorptive capacity of power grid.

Study on a New Method for Forming Integral Curved-Hole Structures by Combining Drilling and Plastic Deformation

Yin Zhou,Tong Wen,Xia Chen,Longqin Liu,Fan Yang,Yu Zheng 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.8

Structures with curved-holes are of great value for industrial application, but how to realize the formation of integral curved hole is still a huge challenge. In the current study, a novel methodology, called Bulk Forming of Curved Hole (BFCH), was proposed to obtain integral structures with curved holes by combining traditional drilling and plastic forming processes. An analytic formula of cross-section distortion in BFCH was derived based on the upper bound method. The formula shows the influence of three factors, including the bending angle θ, billet thickness-to-hole diameter ratio h/d , and material properties index Øk related to material strength, on the wall collapse of the curved hole formed. Moreover, three types of curved holes were designed to verify the concept, and the results of experiments and fi nite element simulation using Al6061 specimens proved that the method is feasible to form integral structures with inside curved-holes. The oval-shaped distortion of the hole cross-sections is the main defect, which increases with the bending angle θ , as well as the value of h/d and Øk. In addition, proper initial temperature difference inside the billet can decrease the distortion of the formed holes.