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단세포전기영동법(Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay)을 이용한 농약 살포자의 DNA손상 평가
이연경(Yeon Kyeng Lee),이도영(Do Young Lee),이은일(Eunil Lee),이동배(Dong Bae Lee),류재천(Jae Chun Ryu),김해준(Hae-Joon Kim),설동근(Donggeun Sul) 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2001 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.21 No.2
Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, also called comet assay, is a rapid and sensitive method to detect DNA damage in single cell level. To evaluate the DNA damage of lymphocytes of pesticides sprayers, SCGE assay was carried out for 50 pesticides sprayers and 58 control subjects. They were interviewed with structured questionnaire to get the information about the kinds and amount of pesticide. Insecticides and fungicides were predominant among pesticides. Major components of pesticides were organophosphorus, organosulfate, cartap, carbamates, and triazole. Sprayed pesticides were classified into two groups. Group I included organophosphorus, organoarsenic, organotin, tetrazine, triazole and gramoxone, which were known to cause DNA damages. Group II pesticide were carbamates, surfactants, organosulfates, etc., which were not found as DNA damaging agents in scientific documents. Olive tail moments of 100 lymphocytes were measured by<br/> KOMET 3.1 program for each person. The means of tail moments were compared between farmers exposed to pesticides and control subjects. Farmers showed higher tail moments than control subjects (2.07±1.40 vs 1.53±0.77, p<0.05). The means of tail moments also were compared among group I sprayers (n=36), group II sprayers (n=24) and, control subjects, and the means of tail moments were 3.45±3.20, 2.66±2.20 and 1.53±0.77 respectively. The difference between means of group I sprayers and controls was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study showed higher DNA damage in farmers exposed to pesticides than control subjects, and<br/> comet assay could be useful as a biological monitoring method of genotoxic pesticides for farmers.
Eunil Lee,Seungil Nam 한국지질과학협의회 2004 Geosciences Journal Vol.8 No.1
Low sea surface salinity event in the East Sea during the LGM (last glacial maximum) has been critically and thoroughly reviewed based on previous studies, but freshwater source for this low paleosalinity still remains to a great extent questionable. This paper presents that the Korea Strait was partially open during the LGM, transporting the paleo-Water (0.5-2.1×1012 m3/yr) to the East Sea. The paleo-Water, presumably a mixture of high amount of freshwater and the paleo-Tsushima Current, might not be enough to explain the decrease of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the surface layer (79.75×1012 m3) of the LGM East Sea. Assuming that the paleo-Water is entire freshwater, it could only lower less than 1.1‰ of surface salinity. Moreover, differences in SSS (between 20‰ of the LGM and the present 34‰ in the East Sea) and planktonic foraminiferal d18O (between the regional East Sea and the global Pacific Ocean during the LGM) are approximately 14‰ and 3.8-4.1‰, respectively. According to general trend that 1‰ salinity decrease correponds to about 0.5‰ lowering of d18O (Broecker, 1989), 3.8-4.1‰ decrease in d18O could lower 7.6-8.2‰ in salinity, resulting in 25.8-26.4‰ of the SSS in the LGM East Sea. This SSS (25.8-26.4‰) is still much saline than 20‰. Furthermore, about 5.8-6.4‰ of salinity difference needs to be explained, and further indicates freshwater dilution in the LGM East Sea. Therefore, these semi-quantitative calculations evidence additional freshwater supply to the East Sea, lowering sea surface salinity during the LGM. Potentially additional source for freshwater might have been the Amur River inflow into the East Sea.
DNA Damage in T and B Lymphocytes, Bone Marrow, Spleens, and Livers of Rats Exposed to Benzene
Lee, Eunil,Im, Hosub,Oh, Eunha,Jung, Woon-Won,Kang, Hyung-Sik,Sul, Donggeun Taylor Francis 2005 Inhalation toxicology Vol.17 No.7
<P>Single-cell gel electrophoresis assays were performed in order to evaluate DNA damage occurring in the T and B lymphocytes, spleens, bone marrow, and livers of rats exposed to benzene at a concentration of 100, 200, or 400 ppm for 2 or 4 wk. The level of t , t -muconic acid ( t , t -MA), which is a urinary benzene metabolite, was determined. In the control rats, mean Olive tail moments in the T and B lymphocytes were 1.507 ± 0.398 and 1.579 ± 0.206, respectively. DNA damage in the T and B lymphocytes exposed to 400 ppm benzene for 4 wk caused those rats to exhibit the highest Olive tail moments, with their values measured as 4.351 ± 0.510 and 3.140 ± 0.631, respectively. Also, the t , t -MA levels increased directly with increasing benzene exposure time and dose during the 4 wk. After 4 wk, the levels of t , t -MA in urine from rats exposed to 100, 200, and 400 ppm were 19.30 ± 5.62, 30.36 ± 4.46, and 46.93 ± 9.10 mg/g creatinine. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that benzene exposure results in significant DNA damage in the T and B lymphocytes, bone marrow, spleens, and livers of rats. DNA damage in the blood cells and organs was also discovered to vary directly with benzene exposure, in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In addition, a similar trend regarding DNA damage was found in the blood cells and organs, and evidenced a good association with the level of t , t -MA in the urine.</P>
Eunil Lee,Seok Hyeon Kim 韓國作物學會 1996 Korean journal of crop science Vol.41 No.3
시호 종자의 발아율을 증가시키기 위한 방법과 종자의 특징을 연구하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 시호의 발아에 유리한 온도는 20℃ 이며, 호르몬 처리나 기타 물리화학적 처리에 의해 발아율은 크게 증가되지 못했는데, 15℃ 에서 발아시킬 경우 50~200 ppm의 GA3 을 처리했을 때 발아율이 2배 이상 증가하였다. 또한 같은 온도에서 102 ~103M의 KNO3 을 처리한 경우에도 발아율은 3배 이상 증가하였다. 그러나 20℃ 이상에서는 강력한 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 시호의 leachate를 상추의 종자에 처리했을 경우 발아율의 변화가 거의 없었으므로 시호의 종자에는 발아저해제가 거의 없는 것으로 생각된다. 해부현미경과 주사전자현미경으로 종자의 배와 주공을 관찰한 결과 배가 있는 것과 없는 것의 비율이 거의 50/50이며 주공 자체에는 문제가 없으므로 시호의 종자 발아율이 낮은 것은 근본적으로 배가 결여된 종자가 많기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. The experiment was conducted to determine the seed characteristics and preferable methods to enhance the seed germination rate in Bupleurum falcatum. The optimum temperature for the seed germination of Bupleurum falcatum is 20~circC . Any significant promoting effects were not found in seed germination with hormone treatments and physical methods. At 15~circC , prechilling combined with 50~200ppm of GA3 treatment raised germination rate by 2 times of control ones. The most positive effect was observed in the treatment of 10-2 ~10-3 M potassium nitrate only at 15~circC for 12 and 24 hours. The leachate of Bupleurum falcatum didn't inhibit the germination of Lactuca sativa, showing almost 100% of germination rate, which is suggested that no inhibitors contained in the seeds of Bupleurum falcatum. Observation of embryo conditions under stereoscopic microscope showed that the ratio of seeds with or without embryo is almost 50/50. The results suggested that the lower rate of germination in Bupleurum falcatum was caused by embryolessness of seeds.
아토피피부염 환자에서 체내 거대분자에 대한 산화 스트레스 지표 평가
이은일 ( Eunil Lee ),오은하 ( Eun Ha Oh ),송해준 ( Hae Jun Song ),최원준 ( Won Jun Choi ),백진옥 ( Jin Ok Baek ),이종록 ( Jong Rok Lee ),노주영 ( Joo Young Roh ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회지 Vol.53 No.6
Background: Excessive exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decreased antioxidants leads to damage of proteins, lipids, and DNA. Previous studies suggest that oxidative stress may be important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Objective: To investigate whether oxidative stress is increased in atopic dermatitis patients compared to a normal control group, we examined DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, ROS production and antioxidant expression. Methods: Patients with atopic dermatitis (n=16; mean Scoring Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD] index=53.06) were investigated compared to a normal control group (n=25). To examine DNA damage in the cellular level, we performed comet assays on lymphocytes and granulocytes taken from patients and control group. To measure lipid peroxidation products, urine and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed. To examine intracellular redox in lymphocytes, ROS were measured using flow cytometry. Expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1, 2 antioxidants were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Atopic dermatitis patients showed severe DNA damage compared to the control group in both lymphocytes (1.89 and 1.51, respectively, p<0.05) and granulocytes (2.07 and 1.58, respectively, p<0.05). While urine MDA levels were not significantly different between groups (1.64 and 1.13 μM/g respectively, p>0.05), plasma MDA levels were significantly increased in atopic dermatitis patients compared to controls (1.45 and 0.80 μM/g respectively, p<0.005). ROS production by activated lymphocytes was increased in atopic dermatitis patients compared to controls. SOD 1, 2 were expressed in all atopic dermatitis patients without significant increase compared to controls. Conclusion: Increased DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and ROS production in lymphocytes as indices of oxidative stress were observed in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis patients compared to normal control. Although precise mechanism of oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is not defined yet, decreasing ROS exposure or augmenting antioxidant defenses may be alternative therapeutic approaches for atopic dermatitis. (Korean J Dermatol 2015;53(6):456∼461)