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Choi, Seungil,Lim, Yooseng,Jang, Min Hyung,Park, Ji In,Hwang, Nam Kyung,Yi, Moonsuk American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.17 No.11
<P>We investigated the performance of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires in indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin-film transistors. These transistors were fabricated with ZnO nanowires channel layers, which were deposited by a solution process, whereas the IZO channel layers were deposited by a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. We varied the nanowire composition ratio from 0.05 to 0.2, keeping the IZO channel layers fixed to investigate the effects of the nanowires. At a nanowires composition ratio of 0.1 wt%, the saturation mobility of the IZO/ZnO nanowires thin-film transistors decreased to 28.8 cm(2)/V.s, the threshold voltage shifted to a more positive voltage than the pure IZO thin-film transistors, and the subthreshold swing increased to 0.79 V/dec. We used an X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, an atomic force microscope, and a field-emission scanning electron microscope to investigate the electrical performances, binding energy and surface roughness of the IZO/ZnO nanowire thin-film transistors.</P>
Eunil Lee,Seungil Nam 한국지질과학협의회 2004 Geosciences Journal Vol.8 No.1
Low sea surface salinity event in the East Sea during the LGM (last glacial maximum) has been critically and thoroughly reviewed based on previous studies, but freshwater source for this low paleosalinity still remains to a great extent questionable. This paper presents that the Korea Strait was partially open during the LGM, transporting the paleo-Water (0.5-2.1×1012 m3/yr) to the East Sea. The paleo-Water, presumably a mixture of high amount of freshwater and the paleo-Tsushima Current, might not be enough to explain the decrease of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the surface layer (79.75×1012 m3) of the LGM East Sea. Assuming that the paleo-Water is entire freshwater, it could only lower less than 1.1‰ of surface salinity. Moreover, differences in SSS (between 20‰ of the LGM and the present 34‰ in the East Sea) and planktonic foraminiferal d18O (between the regional East Sea and the global Pacific Ocean during the LGM) are approximately 14‰ and 3.8-4.1‰, respectively. According to general trend that 1‰ salinity decrease correponds to about 0.5‰ lowering of d18O (Broecker, 1989), 3.8-4.1‰ decrease in d18O could lower 7.6-8.2‰ in salinity, resulting in 25.8-26.4‰ of the SSS in the LGM East Sea. This SSS (25.8-26.4‰) is still much saline than 20‰. Furthermore, about 5.8-6.4‰ of salinity difference needs to be explained, and further indicates freshwater dilution in the LGM East Sea. Therefore, these semi-quantitative calculations evidence additional freshwater supply to the East Sea, lowering sea surface salinity during the LGM. Potentially additional source for freshwater might have been the Amur River inflow into the East Sea.