Integrin-Linked Kinase Is Required in Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Strengthening Cell Adhesion to Ischemic Myocardium

Song, Suk-Won,Chang, Woochul,Song, Byeong-Wook,Song, Heesang,Lim, Soyeon,Kim, Hye-Jung,Cha, Min-Ji,Choi, Eunju,Im, Sin-Hyeog,Chang, Byung-Chul,Chung, Namsik,Jang, Yangsoo,Hwang, Ki-Chul Wiley (John WileySons) 2009 Stem Cells Vol.27 No.6

<P>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has limitations due to the poor viability of MSCs after cell transplantation. Integrin-mediated adhesion is a prerequisite for cell survival. As a novel anti-death strategy to improve cell survival in the infarcted heart, MSCs were genetically modified to overexpress integrin-linked kinase (ILK). The survival rate of ILK-transfected MSCs (ILK-MSCs) was augmented by about 1.5-fold and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in ILK-MSCs were increased by about three and twofold, respectively. ILK-MSCs demonstrated an increase of twofold in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibited caspase-3 activation, compared with hypoxic MSCs. The adhesion rate of ILK-MSCs also had a 32.2% increase on the cardiac fibroblast-derived three-dimensional matrix and ILK-MSCs showed higher retention by about fourfold compared to unmodified MSCs. Six animals per group were used for the in vivo experiments analyzed at 1 week after occlusion of the left coronary artery. ILK-MSC transplanted rats had a 12.0% +/- 3.1% smaller infarct size than MSC-treated rats after ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Transplantation of ILK-MSCs not only led to a 16.0% +/- 0.4% decrease in the fibrotic heart area, but also significantly reduced the apoptotic positive index by two-thirds when compared with ligation only. The mean microvessel count per field in the infarcted myocardium of ILK-MSCs group was increased relative to the sham group and MSCs group. In conclusion, the ILK gene transduction of MSCs further assisted cell survival and adhesion, and improved myocardial damage when compared with MSC only after transplantation.</P>

지역사회 재활 준비를 위한 비폭력대화 프로그램이 조현병 환자의 공감, 대인관계 능력, 사회적 무쾌감증에 미치는 효과

송은주(Song, EunJu) 한국보건간호학회 2020 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

디지털 시대의 인쇄문학: 『종이로 만든 사람들』과 『코드의 나무』를 중심으로

송은주 ( Eunju Song ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2017 현대영미소설 Vol.24 No.1

This paper aims to explore how print novels are undergoing and managing transformations and changes influenced by digitization through the concept of materiality and intermediation. From the viewpoint of Posthumanism, just as information cannot exist without being embodied through any substrate, a novel should be considered not as an abstract and autonomous construct, but rather as a material medium. To reveal the materiality of print novels as media, I analyze two novels, Salvador Plascencia`s The People of Paper and Jonathan Safran Foer`s Tree of Codes. The study of digital literature is significant as it leads us to re-estimate the singular attributes of print novels in contrast to digital literature. The People of Paper uses physical properties of print novels such as various typographies, images, signs, and so on, besides languages. Tree of Codes, as an artists` book, emphasizes the physicality and materiality of print books by transforming its form and relating them to signifying practices, thus showing that a book`s contents and forms are inseparably interrelated and interacting in the meaning-making process. Plascencia and Foer reveal a keen awareness of writing as a materializing process through their experimental attempts. It not only shows the traces of transformation printed books have undergone from the digitization, but also suggests its potential to absorb the influence of digitization, remediate, and appropriate it with the print tradition. These experiments exemplify the intermediation between digital and print literature and suggest the emergent possibility of a new literary.

일차의료 만성질환관리 시범사업 소개 및 효과

송은주 ( Eunju Song ),김영은 ( Young-eun Kim ),지선미 ( Seonmi Ji ) 대한내과학회 2021 대한내과학회지 Vol.96 No.1

Considerable efforts have been made to prevent and manage hypertension and diabetes, but the prevalence of these diseases has not changed significantly over the past 10 years. Hypertension and diabetes are chronic conditions requiring continuous treatment and management. Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels can prevent life-threatening complications and a deterioration in the quality of life. Community-centered primary health care is characterized by inclusiveness and continuous contact. Well-established primary health care services can reduce the number of unnecessary emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and medical tests, and therefore minimize unnecessary medical expenses. However, the number of patients treated for mild chronic diseases at large hospitals has increased, with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of outpatient clinic visits (41.6% in 2007 vs. 37.8% in 2016). Thus, there is a clear need to strengthen primary health care, including for the treatment of chronic diseases. To establish a chronic diseases management system based on local clinics, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea launched a pilot chronic diseases management program aimed at increasing patient acceptance of local primary health care. The program was implemented in 2014, 2016, and 2019. This review examines the short-term impact of the pilot program with respect to the prevention and management of hypertension and diabetes. (Korean J Med 2021;96:7-12)

『스테이션 일레븐』 : 포스트-아포칼립스 장르는 팬데믹 이후의 세계를상상할 수 있는가

송은주(Eunju Song) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2021 영미연구 Vol.52 No.-

우리는 인간이 지구 환경을 바꾸는 지질학적 힘이 되었다는 인류세에 들어섰으며, 코비드 19와 같은 팬데믹은 그러한 인류세적 사건의 특징을 보여주고 있다. 기존의 인간적 인식과 감각의 범위를 넘어서는 시공간적 규모의 인류세적 사건은 문학적 재현에서도 새로운 문제를 제기한다. 따라서 본고에서는 포스트-아포칼립스 장르 소설을 통해 인류세 문학의 가능성을 탐색하고자 한다. 2014년 발표된 『스테이션 일레븐』은 치명적인 팬데믹으로 인류의 거의 대부분이 사망하고 문명이 붕괴한 지 20년 후를 배경으로, 이 종말 이후의 세계에서 인간의 생존이 어떤 의미를 갖는가를 다룬다. 『스테이션 일레븐』은 재난을 스펙터클로 재현함으로써 오락적 쾌감을 제공하려는 장르소설의 관례를 따라, 조지아 독감을 핵폭탄처럼 급속히 퍼지며 원인을 알 수 없고 통제도 불가능한 사건으로 재현한다. 그러나 현실에서 인류세의 팬데믹은 정치적, 사회적 원인들이 복합적으로 작동하여 발생한다. 소설은 이러한 팬데믹의 성격을 적절히 포착하지 못했기 때문에 왜 문명이 붕괴하는가에 대한 근본적인 원인을 성찰하는 데 실패하며, 화석연료에 기반한 석유 문명에 대한 향수를 버리지 못하고 과거 문명으로의 회귀를 꿈꾼다. 전기의 존재를 통해 화석연료 문명의 부활을 암시하는 결말은 소설이 재난 이후의 세계를 그리면서 화석연료 문명 넘어 대안적 삶의 가능성을 상상하는 데 실패했음을 보여준다. 이와 같이 소설은 플롯 차원에서는 장르소설의 한계를 드러내지만, 비행을 통한 이동성의 강화와 전지구적으로 확산된 자본주의가 팬데믹을 촉발했음을 배경 묘사에서 간접적으로 드러낸다. 또한 질병이라는 비-인간적 요소에 의해 행위성을 제한당하는 인간의 취약성에 대한 인식은 인류세의 인간 존재 조건에 대한 새로운 인식과 공존의 윤리에 대한 모색으로 이어질 수 있으며, 팬데믹의 생존자들이 형성한 공동체들을 통해 재난 이후의 삶의 긍정적 가능성을 제시한다. We have entered into the Anthropocene, when human became the geological force to transform the environment. COVID-19 has characteristics of the Anthropocene events. They raise the issues of representation in literature because they exceed the range of human perceptions and recognition. Therefore, this essay aims to explore the potential of the Post-Apocalypse fictions as the Anthropocene literature for representing its crisis. Emily St. John Mandel’s Arthur Clark prizewinning novel, Station Eleven addresses what meaning the human survival could have in the world after a lethal pandemic, where almost all mankind died and the civilization collapsed. The novel presents Georgia Flu as an ill-defined, uncontrollable disaster like a nuclear bombing following the convention of genre fictions to depict disasters as spectacles for entertainment. However, in reality, a pandemic takes place from complex combination of political and social causes. The novel fails to capture the nature of pandemics and contemplate fundamental reasons for the collapse of civilization. It results in dreaming of returning to the past fossil fuel civilization without reflections on it. The ending that implies its restoration means that the novel doesn’t imagine the alternative of the world after the pandemic. Although it reveals the limitation of genre fictions in terms of its plot, it indirectly suggests that enhanced mobility and global capitalism prompted outbreak of a pandemic. Furthermore, the recognition of human vulnerability and limited agency restricted by non-human agents including disease can lead to a renewed awareness of what is human in the Anthropocene and what ethics we should pursue for coexistence. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the novel presents affirmative prospects for the life after the apocalypse through visions of communities of survivors.

대용량 로그 데이터 환경에서의 점진적 연관규칙추출을 위한 FP-tree 갱신기법

송성렬(SungYeol Song),송원문(WonMoon Song),김은주(EunJu Kim),김명원(MyungWon Kim) 한국정보과학회 2011 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.17 No.1

최근 정보 산업 분야의 발달로 인하여 기록 데이터의 급격한 양적 팽창이 일어나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대용량 기록 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하기 위하여 연관규칙 추출 기법 중 가장 효율적인 기법인 FP-tree를 기반으로 하는 점진적 연관규칙 추출기법을 제안한다. 특히 새로운 사용자(트랜잭션)의 증가보다는 기존 사용자에 새로운 항목이 추가되었을 때의 상황에 주목한다. 제안하는 기법은 각각의 사용자에 해당하는 트랜잭션 경로를 파악하고 새로운 항목을 포함한 경로로 수정한다. IPTV 사용자 기록 데이터를 이용하여 제안하는 기법을 실험하였다. 실험결과 제안하는 FP-tree 갱신 기법은 점진적으로 증가하는 기록 데이터 처리 시 FP-tree를 새로 생성하는 것에 비해 약 4배 가량 빠르며 효율성 추정을 통해 제안하는 기법이 타당성이 있음을 증명하였다. With the development of the IT industry, the amount of log data is soaring. In order to more effectively process mass user data, this paper suggests FP-tree based incremental association mining, the most efficient association mining technique. This study particularly focuses on a situation where new items are added to existing user data, rather than where new users or new transactions create extra data traffic. The proposed technique is designed to figure out each user's transaction path and revise the path by including new items. Experiments on the technique were devised with IPTV user log data. The experiments found that this proposed FP-tree updating technique can process incrementally increasing records/data about four times faster than new FP-tree creating cases, and efficiency estimation verified validity of the proposed technique.

인터넷 중독의 진단과 처방을 위한 전문가 시스템

송원문(Wonmoon Song),이상화(Sanghwa Lee),김은주(Eunju Kim),송성렬(Sungryul Song),송수민(Soomin Song),김명원(Myungwon Kim) 한국지능시스템학회 2010 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.20 No.1

본 논문에서는 사회적으로 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있는 인터넷 중독 문제를 해결하기 위해 자동으로 인터넷 중독을 진단하고 사용자의 중독 요인 및 특성에 적합한 처방을 제시할 수 있는 전문가 시스템을 제안한다, 제안하는 시스템에서는 K-척도의 진단 기준을 이용하여 중독 정도를 자동으로 진단하며, 관련 분야의 인간 전문가의 치료 지식을 사례에 따른 사용자 특성 및 증상별로 분류/구축하여 처방을 생성한다. 인간 전문가의 평가 결과 시스템이 생성한 처방의 정확도는 약 90%로 효율적인 처방이 생성됨을 입증하였다.

예비유아교사 시절 유아숲생태교육을 경험한 교사의 숲반 운영주체로서의 삶

송주은(Jooeun Song), 김은주(Eunju Kim) 한국생태유아교육학회 2022 생태유아교육연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 교사의 경험을 이야기형식을 통해 분석, 해석, 의미를 구성하여 이해하는 내러티브 탐구 방법론으로 진행되었다. 연구 내용으로 숲이라는 새로운 장소에서 학급을 운영하는데 있어 유아숲생태교육을 경험한 배경이 어떤 의미인지 알아보았으며, 그 결과 참여자가 예비유아교사 시절을 살아낸 이야기 탐구를 통해 드러난 경험의 의미는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 낯선 교육의 장소가 아이들이 잘 놀 수 있는 공간이라는 확신으로 숲반 교사로서의 몸짓에 보다 익숙하고 낯익게 적응할 수 있었으며, 두번째로 유아숲생태교육을 스스로 경험해보면서 자기 얼굴이 있는 교사로 거듭나게 되었다. 내러티브 탐구를 통한 예비유아교사 시절 유아숲생태교육에 대한 경험의 이해가 한 교사의 이해를 넘어 숲반에서 살아가고 있는 교사에 대한 이해로 확장되기를 기대하며, 숲교육을 실천하는 현직유아교사 뿐 아니라 앞으로 실천해나갈 예비유아교사에 대한 정서적, 교육적 지원에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다. This study explored the life story of a forest class teacher who experienced early childhood eco-forest education as a pre-kindergarten teacher. To this end, the study employed the methodology of narrative inquiry that analyzes, interprets, and composes the meaning of the teacher’s experience using the format of a story. The challenge of this study was to discover the preparation and experiences required to establish forest education in early childhood classrooms through the experience of an early childhood teacher, with another teacher identity as an operator in the educational arena called “forest.” The result of the study indicated the meaning of the experiences revealed by the stories of the life experiences of the participants as follows. First, a visit to the forest: the path one wants to take; second, gestures and familiarization; and third, the birth of a teacher with a face. It is expected that the understanding of the experience of early childhood eco-forest education as a pre-service teacher through narrative inquiry will expand beyond the understanding of one teacher to the understanding of the many teachers of forest classrooms, and it is expected that it will contribute to the emotional and educational support available to them.

Effect of proton and ion beam treatment on cyclic olefin copolymer parts prepared via injection molding

Song, Young Seok,Lim, Eunju ELSEVIER 2019 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.19 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of proton and ion beam treatment on injection molded plastic parts. We employed cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) as a resin for the manufacturing. A light guide panel was designed and fabricated via injection molding. The size and fluence of ions were changed for the analysis. The physical and chemical properties of the samples irradiated with proton and nitrogen ion beams were investigated through UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, residual stress, and electrical analyses. The penetration behavior of ion beams was modeled numerically, and the injection molding process was simulated. The finding showed that the irradiation of proton and nitrogen ion beams led to a change in the chemical structure and energy level of the samples. We anticipate that this study could provide a meaningful strategic way to engineer a polymeric part for broader applications using proton and ion beams.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effect of proton and nitrogen ion beam treatments on injection molded plastic parts. </LI> <LI> We employed cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) as a resin for the manufacturing. </LI> <LI> Physical and chemical properties of the samples irradiated with proton and nitrogen ion beams were investigated. </LI> <LI> The irradiation of proton and nitrogen ion beams led to a change in the chemical structure and energy level of the samples. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

생산유통 연계 판매망 구축 프로그램이 고등부 특수 학급 학생들의 직업인식과 자기결정에 미치는 영향

송은주,이소현 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

전환기에 있는 장애학생들을 위한 성공적인 전환성과를 얻도록 하기 위한 지역사회중심의 현장교육을 바탕으로 한 실제적인 전환교육 프로그램이 매우 부족한 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고등부 특수 학급 학생들에게 학교중심의 직업교육에서 벗어나 농산물 생산부터 판매를 통한 소득창출까지의 전환 교육프로그램을 실시함으로써 전환기 고등부 특수학급 학생들의 직업인식과 자기 결정에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그 결과, 본 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단이 통제집단보다 직업인식과 자기결정에서 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었고, 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 논의와 제언이 제시되었다. The study investigated the effects on the career awareness and self-determination for the student with disability in transition period to carry out sales network building transition program related with production·circulation network. The results from current study may be summarized as follows. first, According to the student evaluation, improvement on the level of career awareness and self-determination was statistically more significant in the experimental group than in the control group after sales network building transition program connected with production·circulation. the sub-items of career awareness; vocational determination, vocational preparation, independence was improved significantly rater than the control group. Self-determining behaviors, awareness, and opportunity for self-determination in both schools and home settings were evaluated as significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group. Second, According to the parent evaluation, improvement on the level of self-determination, statistically self-determining behaviors and opportunities in both schools and home settings, was statistically more significant in the experimental group than in the control group after a sales network building transition program connected with production·circulation was excused. Future research are suggest that site-centered and province characteristic transition program including vocational experience and activity should be developed and applied in order to establish effective transition from school to adult lives that are autonomy and independence adult lives.